Mariann Jelinek National Science Foundation Lisboa June 21-23, 2001 Fostering the Marketplace for...

Mariann Jelinek

National Science Foundation

LisboaLisboa

June 21-23, 2001June 21-23, 2001

Fostering the Marketplace Fostering the Marketplace for Ideasfor Ideas

For every complex problem, For every complex problem, there’s a simple, obvious and there’s a simple, obvious and

popular answer . . . popular answer . . . . . . that happens to be wrong!. . . that happens to be wrong!

H.L. Menken, American SatiristH.L. Menken, American Satirist

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• The Complex Problem and its failed solutions.

• The Long Incline: Science, Technology Innovation and Economic Growth

• Government’s Role: Fostering a Vigorous Marketplace for Knowledge

Presentation Themes:Presentation Themes:

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Diverse Economic OutcomesDiverse Economic Outcomes

• Failed Socialist Economies• Failure of Centralized Efforts• Skilled vs Unskilled, Urban vs Rural• . . . In China, India, and Iran -- and in

the U.S. and Europe and Asia, too• A Widening Gap in Skills and Potential• A Growing Role for Science and

Technology

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The Long InclineThe Long Incline

• Western European Economic Growth for Centuries: 2%/year . . . Cumulative

• US Economic Growth: New Technology, and Scientific Intensivity

• Constant Reconfiguration of Economic Activity, putting Knowledge to Work

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The U.S. Innovation System is EvolvingThe U.S. Innovation System is Evolving

•Increased Role of Research in Innovation Increased Role of Research in Innovation

•More Rapid CommercializationMore Rapid Commercialization

•Demise of Large Corporate Basic Research Demise of Large Corporate Basic Research Laboratories (with a few notable exceptions)Laboratories (with a few notable exceptions)

•More Innovating Newcomers and Small FirmsMore Innovating Newcomers and Small Firms

•Importance of Public FundingImportance of Public Funding

•Pervasive Information TechnologyPervasive Information Technology

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Patent Citations of S&T LiteraturePatent Citations of S&T Literature

9,49512,906

19,404

27,422

47,059

108,300

1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

Source: NSF/SRS

Up ten-fold since 1988

Doubled since 1996

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Employment of Scientists and Engineers*Employment of Scientists and Engineers*

Education19%

Small Business35%Large Business

33%

Government13.0%

*1997 Data from NSF Science Indicators

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Science/Technology LinkageScience/Technology Linkage

• Patents granted in the US patent system are increasingly linked to public research.

• Two-thirds of the cited papers were published by organizations primarily supported by public funding.

Non-profit11.0%

Industry26.7%

Government Labs10.2%

Academe52.1%

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The number of U.S. patents in health and The number of U.S. patents in health and information technologies increased by 400% information technologies increased by 400% between 1980 and 1999.between 1980 and 1999.

Human Genome not possible without extensive Human Genome not possible without extensive IT . . . But generates many new possibilities.IT . . . But generates many new possibilities.

-- Designed, Targeted Pharmaceuticals-- Designed, Targeted Pharmaceuticals

IT is the Enabler, as Health Care indicatesIT is the Enabler, as Health Care indicates::

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What is Innovation?What is Innovation?

Innovation is a locally driven process, succeeding where organizational conditions foster the transformation of knowledge into products, processes, systems, and services.

Edward J. Malecki

Technology and Economic Development, 1997

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National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation

What is the role of NSF in fostering What is the role of NSF in fostering innovation?innovation?

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Innovation ElementsInnovation Elements

• People

• Knowledge

• Infrastructure

• Tools

• Free Market for Ideas

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Partnerships for Innovation :Partnerships for Innovation :The Building BlocksThe Building Blocks

Activity Program

State Research and Education Development

Industry R&D

UniversityPartnerships

National R&DCenters

Experimental Program to Stimulate Competit ive Research (EPSCoR)Rural Systemic Initiat ives (RSI)State Systemic Initiatives (SSI)

Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI)Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (IUCRC)Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR)Innovation and Organizational Change (IOC)

Advanced Networking Infrastructure (ANI)Centers for Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST)Partnerships for Advanced Scientific Computing (PACI)

Engineering Research Centers (ERC)Long-Term Ecological Research Sites (LTER)Material Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC)Science and Technology Centers (STC)

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Partnerships for InnovationPartnerships for Innovation

ACADEME

&

NON-PROFIT

PRIVATE SECTOR

APPROPRIABLE

NON-APPROPRIABLE

Source: Jere DentonSource: Jere Denton

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ACADEME & NON-PROFIT

PARTNERSHIPS FOR INNOVATION PRIVATE SECTOR

APPROPRIABLE

NON-APPROPRIABLE

Source: Jere DentonSource: Jere Denton

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InnovationInnovation is the GoalGoal

PartnershipsPartnerships are the Way

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University/Industry/Government PartnershipsUniversity/Industry/Government Partnerships

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

Of 3200 U.S.universities, perhaps 6 have made significant amounts of money from their intellectual property rights. Interaction benefits seem far more important . . .

Small Businesses that affiliate with academe are significantly more successful than those that don’t.

The lasting impact of successful state programs has been the development of the intellectual infrastructure for research and education.

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University/Industry/Government PartnershipsUniversity/Industry/Government Partnerships

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

The idea of converting science and technology into tools for economic growth has been embraced by the states, but the lure of technology profits has been detrimental when it pulled academe away from its primary purpose of research and education.

Partnerships between universities and governments and industry/business have been most successful when each partner does what it does best, leaving the remainder of the innovation process to the others.

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. . . will support the planning and early implementation of new activities designed to support and sustain innovation activities undertaken by promising partnerships among academe, government, and the private sector.

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Partnerships for InnovationPartnerships for InnovationProgram GoalsProgram Goals

Enable the transformation of knowledge into innovations that create new wealth, build strong local, regional and national economies and improve the national well-being;

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Broaden the participation of all types of academic institutions and all citizens in NSF activities to more fully meet the broad workforce needs of the national innovation enterprise; and


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Catalyze the enabling infrastructure necessary to foster and sustain innovation for the long-term.


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Proposals Recommended for Funding

First year awards were made for 24 projects in 20 states and Puerto Rico

A complete list of partners, with project descriptions is available at:

http://www.nsf.gov/od/pa/news/press/00/pr0068.htm

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Goals for the 24 Awardees

Major Secondary

Tech Transfer 20 2

Infrastructure 3 9

Education 8 3

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States With Partnerships for Innovation Project AwardsStates With Partnerships for Innovation Project Awards

HI

VTNH

CAMDDE

NJ

RICT

MA

NC

FL

GA

TN

VA

NY

PAOHIN

MI

WI

IL

MO

IA

MN

TX

NMAZ

COUT

OR

WA

PR

AK

ME

WVKY

SCALMS

LA

AROK

KS

NE

NV

IDWY

SD

NDMT

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Knowledge Management: Keeping the Knowledge Management: Keeping the Conversation GoingConversation Going

• New Knowledge Generation via Human Capital, Research Support

• Business-Education Links

• The Marketplace for Ideas:• Variety• Selection• Replication

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-- END ---- END --

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The Partnerships for Innovation Program received approximately 130 proposals in 2000.

25% came from institutions in the top 50 receiving funds from NSF;

25% from 50-150; and 50% from >150.

44 states plus DC and Puerto Rico were represented.

19 involve community colleges (7 as the Lead Institution).

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Of the 130 First Year Proposals -

24 proposals were “Highly Recommended” for Funding

46 proposals were “Recommended” for Funding

60 proposals were “Not Recommended” for Funding

All “Highly Recommended” proposals were funded.All “Highly Recommended” proposals were funded.

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Partnerships for InnovationPartnerships for InnovationReview CriteriaReview Criteria

What is the intellectual merit of the proposed activity?

How important is the proposed activity to advancing knowledge and understanding within its own field or across different fields?

To what extent does the proposed activity suggest and explore creative and original concepts?

How well conceived and organized is the proposed activity?

How well qualified is the proposed individual or team to conduct the project?

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What are the broader impacts of the proposed activity?

How well does the activity advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching, training, and learning?

How well does the proposed activity broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, disability, geographic, etc.)?

To what extent will it enhance the infrastructure for research and education, such as facilities, instrumentation, networks, and partnerships?

Will the results be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding?

What may be the benefits of the proposed activity to society?

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Integration of Research and Education

One of the principal strategies in support of NSF's goals is to foster integration of research and education through the programs, projects, and activities it supports at academic and research institutions.

These institutions provide abundant opportunities where individuals may concurrently assume responsibilities as researchers, educators, and students and where all can engage in joint efforts that infuse education with the excitement of discovery and enrich research through the diversity of learning perspectives.

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The degree to which the participation of institutions serving groups currently underrepresented in the science, engineering and technological workforce are involved in the proposed innovation activity; and,

The degree to which institutions that serve regions and/or sectors not yet fully participating in the innovation enterprise contribute to the proposed activity.

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Integrating Diversity into NSF Programs, Projects, and

Activities Broadening opportunities and enabling the participation of all citizens - women and men, underrepresented minorities, and persons with disabilities - is essential to the health and vitality of science and engineering.

NSF is committed to this principle of diversity and deems it central to the programs, projects, and activities it considers and supports.

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In addition to the two NSB-approved criteria, reviewers will also consider the following factors:

Responsiveness of the proposal to the goals of the Partnerships for Innovation Program;

Potential of the proposed Partnership to foster and sustain innovation in the long-term;

The degree to which the proposed activity will stimulate new innovation opportunities for the partner organizations;

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Partnerships for the 24 AwardeesAcademe 19

Private Sector 24

Government 16

Venture Capital 5

Incubators 4

Mariann Jelinek National Science Foundation Lisboa June 21-23, 2001 Fostering the Marketplace for...

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