MARIA WAGIŃSKA-MARZEC: Cultural cooperation in the light of the provisions of the treaties and...

7/28/2019 MARIA WAGISKA-MARZEC: Cultural cooperation in the light of the provisions of the treaties and agreement (1990

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PRZEGLD ZACHODNI2011, No 2

MARIA WAGIskA-MARZECPozna

Cultural Cooperation in the light of the provisions

of the treaties and agreements (1990-2010)

Cultural Cooperation (1990-2010)

The cltral exchange and cooperation between Poland and German ha forear been a ind of phenomenon in Polih-German relation becae of it rich-ne, cope, variet and intenit. Alo in the lat two decade it wa realized onman level inclding governmental, national, commnit, regional and intittionalcooperation.

The political and ideological change in Poland, and in the contrie of Eaternand Central Erope, at the trn of the 1980 and 1990 relted alo in a change ofthe condition for foreign cltral polic, a well a for the realia of cltral coopera-tion between Poland and other contrie in Erope and in the world, inclding alo

the Federal Repblic of German. Thi ha ignicantl increaed the poibilitfor Polih cltre to enter a wider circlation of international exchange. Finall, thepolitical and ideological barrier which were holding bac the ow into Poland ofthe cltral vale from other contrie, a well a the creative otpt of Polih a-thor living in immigration, diappeared. The lifting of the reglation retricting thefreedom of the development of cltral activit opened new poibilitie for initia-tive pertaining to vario entitie inclding cltral intittion, local government,private peron, etc. It wa no longer important to meticlol calclate the balanceof artitic exchange, which in the pat wa ed to demontrate the injtice incltral relation a proof that we in Poland tranlate more German literar wor,tage more theatre performance b German athor, or how more lm prodcedin German than or partner acro the river Oder do with reference to Poland1. Thechange of external determinant at the threhold of the 1990 meant that the cltralcooperation between Poland and German (and other contrie) tarted to developon different term.

1 k. krzztofe, A few ggetion for the peech of Miniter I. Cwia at the conference of

miniter for cltre of the EEC contrie; Minitr for Cltre and National Heritage Archive [hence-forth MkiDN], General material, ign. 1511/21.


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174 Maria Wagia-Marzec

LEGAL REGuLATIONs

Both, the Polih and the German ide ha alwa attached (and till attache)

a lot of importance to cultural matter, cooperation and cultural exchange with for-eign countrie. It ha been appreciated that international exchange facilitate the

exchange of idea and value, mitigate ethnic and religiou conict, i conductive

to political tabilit, political and economic partnerhip, and that it help to imple-

ment human right which form one of the cornertone of the modern world2.

The cultural exchange between two countrie i baed, on the one hand, on of-

cial treatie and agreement made b the government and, on the other hand, it i

baed on bottom-up initiative, frequentl pontaneou one. It hould be underlined

that tate agreement and treatie are indeed a kind of ofcial declaration and an

expreion of good will of both tate to etablih and develop a cultural dialogue.Neverthele, it i common knowledge that the proviion of a treat have primaril

a mbolic meaning; in themelve the can remain a lifele wording which can

be brought to life onl b concrete people who b their concrete action become

the driving force behind the fullment of international agreement. The frequenc

of mutual contact i to a large extent dependent on the reilience and peronal

involvement of the partner in a dialogue. However, governmental declaration are

of utmot ignicance becaue the are proof that government ee the meaure of

the problem and grant it the tatu of national importance b ofcial agreement

in the form of the proviion of a treat. Thee proviion however, mark out onl

a general frame of cultural cooperation and regulate it cope b giving a green lightfor taking pecic tep toward maintaining the exiting bilateral cultural relation

and etablihing new one.

The rt treat which laid the foundation for the improvement of the relation

between Poland and the Federal Republic of German wa the treat between the

Polih People Republic (PRL) and Wet German concerning the normalization

of the relation between both countrie igned b Jzef Crankiewicz and Will

Brandt in Waraw on 7 December 1970. Both ide then committed themelve,

among other, to taking tep aimed at full normalization and comprehenive devel-

opment of mutual economic, cientic, technological, cultural and other relation.several ear later, on 11 June 1976 the rt ofcial agreement concerning cultural

cooperation wa igned between Waraw and Bonn3. It marked the beginning of

man bottom-up initiative taken up on both ide at the level of intitution, cul-

2 see Foreign cltral polic and it prioritie, Archive of MkiDN, Department for InternationalCooperation [henceforth DfIC], Realization of cltral exchange (note, report) 2002-2006, BE 5, ign.2242/5.

3 Agreement between the government of the Polih People Repblic and the government of theFederal Repblic of German on cltral cooperation from 11 Jne 1976.


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175Cltral Cooperation (1990-2010)

tural centre, a well a b private peron committed to bilding mtal ndertand-ing between both nation. The agreement provided legal grond and widened thepoibilitie to wor toward a dialoge between cltre.

However, a ignicant breathrogh in Polih-German relation, inclding thecltral one too place a late a in 1989. In thi repect the viit of the Chancel-lor of the Federal Repblic of German, Helmt kohl in Poland on 8-14 November1989 wa of hge ignicance a it relted in igning everal agreement and doc-ment important for the development of Polih-German relation. It wa on the baiof the then accepted reglation b the Prime Miniter Tadez Mazowieci andChancellor Helmt kohl that, among other, the exective programme for the ear1990-1992 wa igned in Waraw on 16 March 1990. The docment wa appendedto the agreement on cltral cooperation from 1976 and igned b Boleaw kli(on behalf of the Polih government) and Barthold Witte (on behalf of the German

government)4. It inclded a lot of detailed agreement concerning mtal coopera-tion regarding: cience and higher edcation intittion, edcation, partner lan-gage, training and profeional development, intitte of cltre and cientic andtechnological information, cltre (inclding mic and theatre, mem, preerva-tion of cltral heritage and the vial art, boo and pblihing hoe, librarie,artitic chool, amater artitic movement, lm, da and wee of cltre). Thedocment alo referred to cooperation between archive, the oth, the pre, radioand televiion, port exchange and other area.

The exective programme not onl contained a directive for the activitie con-

dcted b entitie intereted in bilateral exchange and cooperation in the area ofcltre, cience and edcation bt it alo wa later on reected in the Treat on GoodNeighborhip and Friendl Cooperation between the Repblic of Poland and theFederal Repblic of German igned in Bonn on 17 Jne 1991, which opened a widerperpective for the development of Polih-German relation. However, the relevantproviion concerning cooperation between both contrie in the area of cltre waver general and baicall inclded onl a declaration that both contrie are willingto contine and develop bilateral cltral exchange baed on the agreement madeo far. In article 23 point 1 we read, The partie to the Treat in compliance with theexiting agreement and programme will intenif and develop cltral exchange

in all area and at all level maing in thi wa a contribtion to Eropean cltralidentit5. The above proviion wa th of an intentional natre. In the latter part

4 see attachment nr 2. Exective programme for the ear 1990-1992 appended to the Agreementbetween the government of the Polih People Repblic and the government of the Federal Repblic ofGerman on cltral cooperation from 11 Jne 1976 in: Polska Niemcy. Na drodze ku porozumieniui pojednaniu [Poland-Germany on the way to mutual understanding and reconciliation]. A collection of

documents connected with the visit of the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl in Poland 9-14 November

1989, Introdction and editing prepared b Jan Barcz, Pozna 1990, doc. nr 17, pp. 77-88.5 Treat on Good Neighborhip and Friendl Cooperation between the Repblic of Poland and the

Federal Repblic of German from 17 Jne 1991, art. 23, point 1, Jornal of Law [henceforth the Polihabbreviation: Dz. u.] 1992, nr 14, item 56.


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a commitment wa made to upport cooperation between aociation of artit and

author, between cultural intitution and organization, a well a to upport direct

contact between Polih and German author and artit.

Recognizing the importance and ignicance of culture in the life of ocietieand nation, the government of both countrie deeply convinced about the great

importance of cultural and cientic cooperation for the mutual undertanding and rec-

onciliation between the Polih and German nation igned a new Agreement about

cultural cooperation in Bonn on 14 July 19976. Both government intending, among

other, to develop and broaden the relation which exit between both countrie in the

pirit of good neighbourhip and friendly cooperation, and conciou of the mutual

inltration and enrichment of both culture over many pat centurie while triving to

expand the cultural relation in all area including cience and education made many

detailed agreement regulating cooperation between both countrie, among other, in

the area of culture, education, cience, the media, the youth and port.

The agreement pecied and particlarized the article of the Treat from 1991.To illtrate, article 2 of the agreement cloel dened the area of cooperationaimed at the poplarization of better nowledge of the other nation cltre. Bothide made a commitment to implement project devoted to thi aim and to providemtal pport within their capacitie, epeciall when organizing the viit of rep-reentative of vario domain of cltral life (writer, artit, compoer, lm ma-er, radio and televiion prodcer, etc.) aimed at exchanging idea and experienceand at etablihing frther cooperation. The mtal pport alo inclded organizing

event ch a exhibition, get performance involving individal artit and thea-tre grop, mician, dancer, etc. a well a organizing cltral event (alo da ofcltre). The commitment concerned providing pport in booelling, pblihingand librarie; encoraging cooperation between aociation and nion of artitand pbliher, writer and tranlator, mem and archive; pport in tranlat-ing literar, cientic and pecialit wor, in organizing meeting of pecialit,exchange of material, etc. separate article of the agreement referred to providingpport for bilateral cooperation in the area of cinematograph (art. 11) and mtalrelation between cltral aociation and ocietie (art. 12).

The realization of the proviion of the treat i garded b the pecial Polih-German Mixed Committee for Cltre (and science) whoe aim and reponibilitiewere dened in article 23 point 2 of the treat. The mixed committee wa ppoedto meet at leat once a ear to evalate the tate of cltral exchange in all area andto coordinate frther ndertaing7. Thi proviion wa later changed in the agree-ment abot cltral cooperation from 1997 in which it wa decided that both idewill organize eion of the Mixed Committee when the need arie and when ap-plied for b one of the ide (bt at leat once in two ear) alternating between Po-

6 Agreement between the government of the Repblic of Poland and the government of the Federal

Repblic of German on cltral cooperation, Bonn, 14 Jl 1997, (Dz. u. from 10 April 1999).7 Treat between the Repblic of Poland, 1991, op. cit.


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land and German. Their aim i to m p the core of cooperation o far, a wella to wor ot directive and programme for frther activitie8. The Committee iheaded b the director of department of cltre in the German and Polih Foreign

Ofce. It conit of delegate of the Foreign Ofce, Minitr of Cltre and Na-tional Heritage, Minitr of Edcation (optionall repreentative of Polih radioand TV Polonia)9. The Committee i an intrment pporting cooperation betweenboth contrie in the area of cltre.

INTERMEDIARIEs OF POLIsH-GERMAN CuLTuRAL COOPERATION

The federal ytem of government in Germany with it diviion of power con-

cerning culture between the government (reponible for nationwide iue and for-

eign cultural policy) and the authoritie in federal tate Lnder(reponible for thedevelopment of culture and cience on the territory of the given federal tate) deter-

mine a direction for the Polih initiative aimed at etablihing relation and promot-

ing Polih culture in Germany. In thi repect the activitie undertaen by the Polih

government and other bodie and intitution concerned with popularizing Polih cul-

ture in the Federal Republic of Germany are decentralized; they are not addreed to

a ingle recipient but to many more. The majority of the Polih promotional activitie

tae place not only on the governmental level but in direct cooperation with the con-

tituent countrie of the federation, town and citie, local communitie and cultural

and educational intitution on the territory of the whole of Germany.Thi itation determine the need to organize a mch more extenive networ

of Polih diplomatic and cltral pot than it i the cae in centralized contrie. Italo reqire a different promotion trateg in view of the fact that the tal need tobe held not onl with one miniter for cltre bt with 16 miniter for cltre, ci-ence, reearch and edcation in contitent contrie10, and ince 1998 alo with theFederal Repblic miniter for cltre and media who i reponible for matter ofnationwide and international importance (Bernd Nemann ha fllled that fnctionince 2005)11.

8 Agreement between the government of the Repblic of Poland , 1997, op. cit.9 see: Polo-niemieca wppraca ltralna i naowa [Polih-German cltral and cientic

cooperation] (elected apect in recent ear), Department of Cltre in the Polih Emba in Cologne,Agt 1998, Archive of the Minitr for Cltre and National Heritage, Department of InternationalCooperation and Eropean Integration, Material concerning the meeting of Miniter A. Zarzewi withMminiter M. Namann, ign. 1908/ 40.

10 In different federal contrie there i a different trctre of minitrie, e.g., miniter for cltreand miniter for reearch and edcation can contitte two different intittion. In the o-called Perma-nent Conference of Miniter for Cltre and the Federal Contrie of German (stndige konferenz derkltminiter der Lnder in der BRD) there are altogether 30 miniter.

11 For a wider accont ee: M. Wagia-Marzec, Wok federalizmu w sferze kultury w RepubliceFederalnej Niemiec [Around the issue of federalism in the area of culture in the Federal Republic of


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The networ of intermediarie who realize the activitie connected with promot-ing Polih cltre in German and German cltre in Poland i relativel dene. Thert one to enmerate inclde the diplomatic pot of both contrie. On the Polih

ide the inclde: The Emba of the Repblic of Poland in Berlin (Dr. MarePrawda, ambaador ince september 2006, Renata Eichert, expert for cltre) andthe Conlate General of Poland in Cologne (Jolanta Ra kozowa, Conl Gen-eral ince 10 October 2009, Jab Wawrznia, in charge of cltral ie and pro-motion), the Conlate General of Poland in Leipzig (liqidated on 1 Janar 2009;from 27 October 2008 it conlar dtie from the area of saxon and Thringia weretaen over b the conlar department of Poland in Berlin), the Conlate Generalof Poland in Hambrg (Conl General Andrzej Oia, cltral attach MagdalenaErdman) and the Conlate General of Poland in Mnich (Elbieta sobta, ConlGeneral ince 16 Ma 2006, conl for cltre Dr. Grana strzeleca).

On the German ide thee fnction are in the capacit of the Emba of theFederal Repblic of German in Waraw (Rdiger Freiherr von Fritch, ambaadorince Jl 2010, Director of Cltral Department, Michaela spaeth), the Con-late General of German in Gda (Conl General ince 2008, Joachim Bleice,cltral ie are handled b a department for cltre), the Conlate General ofGerman in Wrocaw (Conl General ince Agt 2009 Bernhard Braac, depart-ment for cltre in the ear 2008-2011 headed b conl Dr. Anette Bmann),the Conlate General of German in kraw (Conl General ince Jl 2009 Dr.Heinz Peter, department for cltre), the Conlate General of German in Opole

(Conl General ince 2010 Peter Ec).

MAIN CENTREs FOR POPuLARIZING kNOWLEDGE ABOuT POLIsH CuLTuREIN GERMANy

In 1989 dring the viit of Chancellor Helmt kohl to Poland, among other, anagreement wa igned concerning cltral intitte and cientic and technologicalinformation. In the agreement the government of Poland and German decided toetablih on mtal term Intitte for Cltre and scientic and Technological In-

formation being convinced that the will contribte to a better mtal ndertand-ing (art. 1)12. It wa decided that thee Intitte will: organize cltral event andevent referring to cientic and technological ie, to econom and nowledgeabot the contr; gather collection of newpaper, jornal, boo, record, etc.

Germany], Zezt Inttt Zachodniego, No. 37/2005, pp. 45; ee alo: idem,Penomocnicy ds. kul-tury i mediw w Republice Federalnej Niemiec [Representatives for culture and the media in the FederalRepublic of Germany], Zezt Inttt Zachodniego, No. 39/ 2006, pp. 71.

12 see: Agreement between the government of the Polih People Repblic and the government ofthe Federal Repblic of German from 10 November 1989 on the mtal etablihment and fnctioning

of the intitte of cltre and cientic and technological information, in: Polska-Niemcy. Na drodzeku porozumieniu i pojednaniu


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and mae them available to people and intittion who are intereted in them freeof charge; offer general and pecialit langage core, core in didactic andmethodolog, etc. (art. 5). The proviion of thi agreement were alo reected in the

Treat on Good Neighborhip and Friendl Cooperation from 1991 (art. 24)13

andin the agreement on cltral cooperation from 1997, in which both ide conrmedthat within the capacit of the crrent reglation the will facilitate in their owncontr the etablihing and fnctioning of cltral pot of the other contr (art.17 point 1).

At preent there are two (previol three) Polih Intitte in German: tp i B etablihed in 1956 (Tomaz Dbrowi i the acting Di-rector), t p i lz which fnctioned independentl in the ear1969-2009, and at preent it i a branch of The Polih Intitte in Berlin (TomazDbrowi i the acting Director and Agnieza srwio-Hahn i the vice-director),and t p i detablihed in 1993 (katarzna sooowai the acting Director).

In fact, the Polih Intitte in German pla a mch broader role than preent-ing and promoting Polih cltre in the neighbor contr. The operate moothland efcientl withot limiting their cope onl to the broadl ndertood domainof cltre bt the alo implement the baic amption of Polih foreign polic.The overriding aim of their activit i preenting Poland a an important contrin the Eu and a ignicant partner for German14. Polih Intitte fnction a animportant lin in the woring of Polih diplomac within the inential circle of

German politician and intellectal contitting an intrment of lobbing for thebenet of Poland and Polih cltre. Primaril, however the tr to aroe interetin Polih cltre, hitor and tradition and in the engagement of Poland towardEropean integration.

The intitte flll their dtie and reach their objective b organizing exhibi-tion, concert, literar evening, theatre performance, b howing lm, organiz-ing dicion and conference on topic related with lm, mic, literatre, theatreand the art. The major foc of their activit i preenting crrent trend and themot recent achievement of Polih contemporar art and on promoting Polih artitand their wor.

The Polih Intitte in Berlin operate mainl within the capital cit of Germanwhere it trie to enre the permanent preence of Polih cltre in Berlin cltrallandcape and in the northern contrie of the federation. It branch in Leipzig oper-ate mainl within saxon, saxon-Anhalt and Thringia.

The Polih Intitte in Deldorf tae an active part in the cltral life of theNorth Rhine and Wetphalia region and in the neighboring contitent contrie

13 see: Treat on Good Neighborhip and Friendl Cooperation between the Repblic of Po-land

14 Activit of the Polih Intitte in Berlin and it branch in Leipzig, http://bip.mz.gov.pl/Dzialalnoc,IP,w,Berlinie,i,Lip,w,2011,r.,40856.html.


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of the federation, namel Heen, Rhine Palatinate and the saar region. uing attrac-tive cltral project it trie to change the image of Poland in the ee of it weternneighbor which however i till laden with man tereotpe.

The role of the Polih Intitte in German i well reected in an appeal raiedagaint the plan to liqidate the pot in Leipzig which drew attention to the factthat the Intitte i engaged in vario political, hitorical and cltral project notonl on the territor of the region bt alo throghot the whole of German. TheIntitte propagate Polih cltre in German and contitte a niqe platform forPolih-German relation. Therefore liqidating the Intitte wold mar the end ofman valable project and the end of the form for the Polih-German dialoge.Therefore the coneqence of ch a deciion wold be dramatic for the frtherdevelopment of cltral cooperation between Central German and Poland15. A ittand, the argment raied b the advocate of maintaining the endangered pot in

Leipzig appealed to the deciion-maer and eventall the Intitte in Leipzig wanot liqidated bt it now operate a a branch of the Polih Intitte in Berlin.

t g i p C d (Deutsches Polen-In-

stitut) wa created in 1979 on the initiative of karl Dedeci, a ditingihed expertand tranlator of Polih literatre into German (who wa the acting director of theIntitte for 20 ear) and it wa ofciall opened in March 1980.Deutsches Polen-

Instituti nanced b fnd from the federal government and contitent contrieinclding Heen and Rhine Palatinate a well a b the cit of Darmtadt; pecicproject alo receive pport from the R. Boch Fondation in stttgart.From thever beginning one of the fndamental objective of the Intitte wa to poplarizePolih literatre and cltre in German, a well a to deepen nowledge abot thecltral, religio and ocial life of Pole and German16.The Intitte fll theabove ta throgh condcting reearch, pblihing activit, organizing exhibition,literar and mic evening and other ind of cltral event, a well a throghinterdiciplinar collaboration and cltivating contact with peron and intittionin German, Poland and in other Eropean contrie17.In 1999 the fnction of thedirector of theDeutsches Polen-Institutwa taen over from k. Dedeci b DieterBingen, a political analt and hitorian. Thi had a btantial impact on the changeof the Intitte prole with ocial topic coming to the fore together with the prob-

lem bordering the area of politic, cltre, ociet and econom. Alo new form ofdialoge in the cltral domain were initiated. Deutsches Polen-Instituti the motimportant intittion in German of cientic-reearch, informational and pblih-ing character in the domain of Polih cltre and literatre a well a in the area ofpolitic, ociet and Polih-German relation in the Eropean context.

15 Appeal againt liqidating the Polih Intitte in Leipzig, http://www.a.de/polen/pl/pblication/15682/.

16 For information abot the etablihment of the Intitte ee: B. kwileca, M. Wagia-Marzec,Deutsches Polen-Institutin Darmstadt, Przegld Zachodni 1981 No. 1/ 2, p. 188-191.

17 Wider abot the preent ta and the activit of DPI ee:Deutsches Polen-Institutin a dialoguewith Poland, Przegld Zachodni 2007 No. 4, pp. 11-25.


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p C C (Polnisches Kulturzentrum) wa etablihed in Mnichin 2001. It doe not have the tat of an Intitte of Cltre lie the Polih Intittein Berlin, Leipzig and Deldorf bt it i the cltral department of the Conlate

General of the Repblic of Poland, and it ha it own galler. The Centre organizeman cltral event in the area of mic, art, literatre and edcation. Mot of thetime the are held in the German langage (with ome exception). The head of thePolih Cltral Centre i the conl for cltre elected for the period of 4 ear; in2011 it wa Dr. Grana strzeleca who fllled thi fnction18.

ta mckwcz i (iam) (earlier: Adam Miciewicz Intitte,The Centre for International Cooperation) in Waraw i an important tate intit-tion for cltre etablihed on 1 March 2000 b the Miniter for Cltre and Na-tional Heritage in cooperation with the Miniter of Foreign Affair. In 2005 theAdam Miciewicz Intitte merged with The National Centre for Cltre and MaciejDomai wa elected the head of IAM on 5 Jne 200519. The merger of both intit-tion caed a lot of controverie20. since 2 Jne 2008 Pawe Potoroczn21 ha beenthe head of the Adam Miciewicz Intitte and Joanna kilize, an art hitorian andthe former director of the Polih Intitte in Berlin became the dept head of theIntitte22.

18 Polniche kltrzentrm in Mnchen, http://www.polniche-ltrzentrm.de/.19 Maciej Domai nowm dretorem Inttt im. Adama Miciewicza [Maciej Domai

the new director of the Adam Miciewicz Intitte], 7 Jn 2005, http://www.iaza.net.pl/?id=archi-wm09&id=4688 , ee alo:Domaski do Instytutu [Domaski to the Institute] dail Gazeta Wbor-cza 6 Jn 2005.

20 For more information abot the competition for the new director of the Intitte and the con-ict arond the Intitte ee, among other: Kto do Instytutu Mickiewicza? [Who for the MickiewiczInstitute?], dail Gazeta Wborcza, 26 Ma 2005, ee alo k. kowalewicz,Instytut im. Mickiewiczarozreklamuje polsk kultur na wiecie [The Adam Mickiewicz Institute will promote Polish culture inthe world], dail Gazeta Wborcza 15 Jl 2005, ee alo R. Pawowi: Konikt wok IAM [Con-ict around the IAM], dail Gazeta Wborcza 8 Dec 2005, ee alo a ver critical article abot thefnctioning of the IAM b M. sawica, M. Nadzieja, Wydmuszka im. Adama Mickiewicza [Empty egg-shell of the IAM], weel Wprot 4 Dec 2005; ee alo: Odwoanie Domaskiego: Poszo o sowo?[Domaski recalled: Was it all about a word?], interview with M. Domai b R. Pawowi, dailGazeta Wborcza 16 Feb 2006.

21 Pawe Potoroczn (b. 1961): cltral manager, jornalit, pblicit, entreprener, diplomat. From1995 he wa the conl for cltre in the Conlate General in Lo Angele; in 2000 he wa appointedthe director of the Intitte of Polih Cltre in New yor; in 2005 he became the director of the PolihIntitte in London. He wa the initiator of man concert and performance b ottanding Polih artitand mic grop in famo concert hall abroad.

22 Wider abot the change in the IAM ee:Potoroczyn dyrektorem Instytutu Adama Mickiewicza[Potoroczyn the director of the Adam Mickiewicz Institute], dail Rzeczpopolita 2 Jn 2008; eealo: Pawe Potoroczn nowm dretorem Inttt Adama Miciewicza [Pawe Potoroczn the newdirector of the Adam Miciewicz Intitte], http://iazi.wp.pl/ttl,Pawel-Potoroczn-nowm-dre-torem-Inttt-Adama-Miciewicza,wid,11750,wiadomoc.html; abot hi viion of promoting Polih

cltre abroad ee:Autostrad do opery [Highway to the opera]. An interview with Pawe Potoroczn,weel Polita 29 sept 2009.


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Currentl the function and the reponibilitie of the Intitute are dened b

a new tatute granted b the Miniter for Culture and National Heritage, Bogdan

Zdrojewki with directive No. 19 from 1 June 200823. The baic dutie of the In-

titute include, among other, popularizing knowledge about Polih hitor andit pluralit cultural heritage; preparing and coordinating the implementation of

project promoting Polih culture, updating the integrated tem of information

about Polih culture, Polih heritage and language; preparing informational and

promotional material, etc. The Intitute alo fulll it dutie b funding cholar-

hip abroad for Polih artit and pecialit in the area of culture and cholarhip

in Poland for foreign artit, etc. The Intitute i alo reponible for preparing and

implementing the Polih cultural offer during international cultural event abroad,

a well a for coordinating project connected with the celebration of important

anniverarie and other event of ignicant importance for Polih culture organ-

ized in Poland and abroad, etc. The Adam Mickiewicz Intitute cooperate with

other intitution (including national cultural intitution) in order to provide up-

port for their initiative of international importance. To enure ufcient nancial

reource for the realization of it tak the Intitute take tep to attract fund from

outide the budget24.

Bogdan Zdrojewki, the Miniter for Culture and National Heritage recognizing

the importance of culture in international relation announced ome modication

concerning the principle of the Intitute operation. In hi opinion a long-term

polic i needed concerning promoting Poland through it culture with the ue of

experience and output of Polih artit, and the Intitute hould deal with omethingmore than facilitating the performance of Polih artit abroad25.

The Adam Mickiewicz Intitute wa the organizer (or co-organizer) and coordi-

nator of the majorit of event which took place in German in the lat decade, and

in particular of the entire programme of cultural project within the Polih-German

year of 2005/2006. The Intitute wa alo involved in promoting the celebration of

the year of Chopin, Chopin 2010 in German, and in popularizing the knowledge

about Chopin and hi compoition. Apart from that it participated in the realization

of man other project and artitic event popularizing Poland cultural and artitic

heritage in German.

23 statte of the Adam Miciewicz Intitte, directive of the Miniter for Cltre and NationalHeritage, Bogdan Zdrojewi, nr 19 from 1 Jn 2008, (baed on art. 13 item 1 of the act from 25 Oct1991 abot organizing and condcting cltral activit, Jornal of Law from 2001, No. 13, item 123,with later change).

24 Wider abot the ta and the cope of activit of the IAM, abot it organization and manage-ment, abot the Intitte Concil and nancial polic ee: statte of the Adam Miciewicz Intitte

25MinisterZdrojewski powoa nowych ambasadorw kultury polskiej za granic, z minitremltr Bogdanem Zdrojewim rozmawia R. Pawowi [Minister Zdrojewski will appoint new

ambassadors of Polish culture abroad], Interview with Miniter for Cltre Bogdan Zdrojewi bR. Pawowi, dail Gazeta Wborcza 17 Apr 2008.


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Man other entitie have alo participated in the development of the Polih-Ger-man ocial dialoge, and the inclde organization, ocietie and aociation. Inthi repect man dc-pc gc26operatingin German pla

an extremel important role.To intenif the cooperation in the area of the conervation of monment andcltral heritage the government of both contrie etablihed in 2007 the Polih-German Fondation for the Preervation of Cltre and Cltral Heritage (Deutsch-Polnische Stiftung Kulturpege und Denkmalschutz). Alo the Polonia organizationand aociation are activel involved in effort aiming at a cltral dialoge betweenPoland and German. The inclde, for example, The Polonica Cltral societin Bonn (Deutsch-Polnische Kulturgesellschaft Polonica e.V.), The Aociation ofPolih Artit in German baed in Een, Polonia arte, a Polonia organization inMnich which pport the promotion of Polih project in the Bavaria region27, TheGerman Chopin societie in Darmtadt and Oberhaen, The German-Polih Cl-tral societ Polonica in Cologne, and man other.

MAJOR INTERMEDIARIEs IN POPuLARIZING GERMAN CuLTuRE IN POLAND

The German Minitr of Foreign Affair having recognized that one of the motimportant ta i giving hape and taing reponibilit for German foreign policconcerning cltre and edcation etablihed cloe cooperation with intermediarintittion which promote German cltre, cience and edcation abroad. Theeinclde, among other, the Goethe-Institut, The German Head-Ofce for AcademicExchange (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst, DAAD), The Foreign Rela-tion Intitte (Instituts fr Auslandsbeziehungen,IFA ), etc. The are nanced main-l bAuswrtiges Amt. The aim of their activit i to conve the crrent and divere

26 see the Regiter of German-Polih societie (ca. 80) operating in German (together with ad-dree and telephone, etc.): Detch-Polniche Geellchaften in Detchland. http://www.detch-polniche-mv.de/dpg lite.htm, The example of the Polih-German societ in Pozna illtrate howvibrant their activit ha been for ear; it ha maintained cloe contact with the Detch-Polniche Ge-ellchaft in Hannover, for a wider accont ee: . Owczare, Towarzystwo Polsko-Niemieckie w Poz-naniu, [Polish-German Society in Pozna] Przegld Zachodni 2007 No. 4, pp. 87-106; ee alo: H.katenamp,Rnorodne przedsiwzicia Bremy i Gdaska. Towarzystwo Niemiecko-Polskie jako motorwsppracy [Various projects of Bremen and Gdask. The German-Polish Society as an engine of co -operation], Dialog 1997 No. 1, pp. 64-67; ee alo: P. Adamowicz,Kontakty midzy Gdaskiem i wo-jewdztwem gdaskim a miastami i landami pnocnych Niemiec po 1989 [Contacts between Gdaskand Gdask Voivodeship and the cities and federal states of Northern Germany after 1989] , Dialog1997 No. 1, p. 66; ee: H. kochnic abot the partnerhip between town/citie, Dialog 1997 No.1, p. 63; ee alo: I. Heinich, Stosunki Polska-Hamburg: gospodarka: bardzo dobry, kultura: dobry,zachowanie: zmienne [Poland-Hamburg relations: economy: very good, culture: good, conduct: chan-geable], Dialog 1998 No. 1, pp. 92-94.

27 On other organization ee: J. Lewandowi,Polskie organizacje w Bawarii [Polish organiza-tions in Bavaria], Dialog 1996 No. 1, p. 116-117.


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image of German and German cltre to the inhabitant of a given contr. In the2009 election programme of the Green Part there wa a eparate point in which theneed to intenif international cltral exchange wa nderlined, a well a the need

for a cloer integration of a foreign and interior cltral polic. With reference to thatit wa advocated that more pport hold be given to intermediar intittion cha the Goethe Institutes andDAAD28.

t Goethe-Institutwa etablihed in 1951 a an intittion which wold con-tine the activit of the Deutsche Akademie (DA). The Intitte head ofce i inMnich and Prof. kla-Dieter Lehmann (born in Wrocaw) i the preident (Prsi-dent). In 2009 there were altogether 135 intitte in 91 contrie and a networ of905 langage centre in 128 contrie. In 1997 the bdget of the Goethe-Institutamonted to 3.23 billion DM (which contitte 0.25% of the federal bdget)29. TheGoethe Intitte ha three fndamental objective: 1) to pport the nowledge ofthe German langage abroad; 2) to cltivate international cltral cooperation; 3)to poplarize an all-embracing image of German in the world throgh conveinginformation abot it cltral, ocial and political life30.

In Poland the Goethe Intitte tarted it activit in 1990 and opened it rt cen-tre in Waraw b virte of the Polih-German agreement from 10 November 198931.The Intitte throgh it activit intend to facilitate acce to German cltre and tointenif contact between the Polih and German cltral and edcational intit-tion, a well a artit and intellectal32. In the wor of the Intitte priorit i givenalo to difclt ie connected with the mtal perception of both nation in the

pat and at preent, a well a to organizing cltral event.Dr. Martin Wlde i the preident of the Goethe-Institut in Waraw. Patrcja

Tajer i reponible for the cltral programme and for coordinating the activit ofGerman cltral ocietie in Poland. Renata Prorat i the coordinator of cltral

28 Der Grne nee Geellchaftvertrag. klima. Arbeit. Gerechtigeit. Freiheit. Bndni 90/ DieGrnen. Bechl der 30. Ordentlichen Bndedelegiertenonferenz von Bndni 90/ Die Grnen,8-10 Ma 2009, Berlin.

29 see: Polo-niemieca wppraca ltralna i naowa (wbrane apet w otatnich illatach) [Polih-German cltral and cientic cooperation (elected apect in recent ear), Departmentof Cltre of the Polih Emba in Cologne, Agt 1998., Archive of the Minitr for Cltre andNational Heritage, Dep. for International Cooperation and Eropean Integration, Material concerningthe meeting of Miniter A. Zarzewi with Miniter M. Namann ign. 1908/ 40.

30 Goethe-Intitt, http://www.goethe.de/n/org/deindex.htm.31 see: Agreement between the government of the Polih People Repblic and the government

of the Federal Repblic of German from 10 Nov 1989 on mtal etablihment and fnctioning ofintitte of cltre and cientic and technological information (art. 3. point 2). The agreement containdetailed reglation (art. 1-16) concerning the tatte, role and activit of the Polih Intitte of Cltrein German and German one in Poland, ee: Polska Niemcy. Na drodze ku porozumieniu i pojed-

naniu., Docment No. 17, pp. 69-72.32 Goethe-Intitt Warcha, http://www.goethe.de/in/pl/war/n/plindex.htm.


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project in the area of lm, media, dance, conference and eminar, and Dorotaswinara i the coordinator of cltral project in the area of the vial art, theatre,mic and literatre33.

Apart from Waraw the Goethe Institute operate alo in kraw (Goethe-In-stitut Krakau). It wa etablihed in 1990 and ince March 2009 it ha been headedb Dr. Roland Goll; the ie of the cltral programme are in the hand of Dorotakraowa and Izabela szaziewicz. Beide there are alo everal German read-ing room in katowice, Pozna, szczecin and Wrocaw. There i alo the Goethe-

Zentrum in Lblin and other examination centre (altogether 19) ome of whichfnction jointl with Foreign Langage Centre. The Goethe- Institut remain incontact with all the intereted cltral and edcational intittion in Poland; it per-ceive itelf a a partner for everbod who i activel involved with German andGerman langage and cltre34.

i f r (Institut fr Auslandsbeziehungen, IFA), ione of the oldet intermediar organization and it wa etablihed in 1917. It ac-tivit with the head ofce in stttgart i mainl foced on pporting the Germanlangage and cltre abroad b German langage media, exchange programme,organizing German langage core and man other project. The Intitte i aloactivel involved in organizing cltral exchange in the area of the art; it grantcholarhip, prepare and organize exhibition of German artwor, a well aexchange programme and international conference. since 18 Ma 2006 urlaseiler-Albring ha been it preident.The Intitte i alo involved in pporting

activitie concerning cltre, the oth and edcation of German minoritie withinthe cope of programme realized in the contrie of Eatern and Central Eropeinclding Poland35.

t f p-g C (FWPN) (Stiftung fr

Deutsch-Polnische Zusammenarbeit) ha been in exitence ince 1991. The aim ofit activit i primaril to provide nancial pport for project which are of com-mon interet to Poland and German in vario domain. It role, epeciall in p-porting all ind of maller and larger Polih-German initiative and cltral projecti ver mch appreciated. The Fondation i providing nance, among other, forvario ind of activit toward partnerhip and cooperation between local govern-

ment and other intittion, a well a nancing project to poplarize the Germanlangage and cltre in Poland and the Polih langage and cltre in German,nowledge competition, cltral and cientic exchange, literar and artitic activ-it concerning Poland, German and the Eropean union, and project connectedwith the preervation of a common cltral heritage, etc36.

33 see: Intitutleitung, kulturprogramme, http://www.goethe.de/in/pl/war/uun/mit/ul/deindex.htm.34 see: Goethe-Intitt Warcha, www.goethe.de/warcha.35 see: Intitt fr Alandbeziehngen, http://cm.ifa.de.

36 see: statte of the Fondation for Polih-German Cooperation from 30 Jl 2002, www.fwpn.org.pl.


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To illtrate, in 2001 a man a 174 joint cientic and cltral project re-ceived grant to the total amont of 10 million PLN (which contitted 27.7% of theentire nancial pport of the Fondation), 48 project concerning the diemination

of the German langage and cltre in Poland received nancial pport to the totalamont of 3 million PLN (7.52%); in 2002 a man a 276 project were nancedto the total amont of 8 million PLN (56.7%); in 2003 there wa a btantial dropin the nanced project (148) and the amont of mone for pporting them wadecreaed b half (abot 4,830,000 PLN), bt the nmber of nanced project whichpoplarize the German langage and cltre in Poland and the Polih langage andcltre in German wa increaed (59 project nanced b a total amont of over5,804,000 PLN)37. That ear received the highet nancial pport devoted to thearea of cltre from theFondation for Polih-German Cooperation. Alo in 2009the nancial pport remained high (273 project for the total amont of 7,730,000PLN) and in 2008 (271 project for the amont of over 5,020,000 PLN). The lowetnancial pport wa provided in 2004 (onl 134 project in the area of cltre)38.In 2010 the Fondation pported 161 cltral project to the total amont of over4,600,000 PLN39.

The nancial pport provided b the Fondation inclded maller and largerproject (mic event, exhibition, involving mem, lm and worhop event,etc.) bmitted b both Polih and German applicant, b cltral intittion (forexample opera theatre, mem), a well a b aociation of tdent, artiticocietie, chool team, cltral centre, local government, and b other entitie.

For example, in 2008 the following project received nancing from The Fondationfor Polih-German Cooperation: the project Meeting of Gda and Dreden,the choir a cappella concert (The univerit Choir from Dreden), The Polih FilmWee in Meclenbrg-Wetern Pomerania, the preparation of E.T.A. Hoffmannopera b the Grand Theatre in Pozna, the project Polih and German chool goermae a lm abot Lae Trawie (High school nr 2 in Opole), the Polih-Germanjazz meeting in Gliwice, and man other40.

In 2009 the Fondation granted nancial pport, among other, for the fol-lowing project: Partner from acro the Oder in joint ndertaing (Barlin) 25,000 PLN, the exhibition Baha 20th-21t centr. Legac till alive (kraw) 40,000 PLN, the project Polen ander German in a different wa, a docmen-tar abot the activit of the Deutsches Polen-Institutin Darmtadt 58,750 PLN,

37 see: Report from the activit of the Fondation for 2003, http://www.fwpn.org.pl/?modle=article&id=70



40 For a wider accont ee the lit of project pported b the Fondation, Report from the activitof the Fondation for 2008, http://www.fwpn.org.pl/etc/_g/literatra_i_ltra.pdf


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the Feli Nowowieji Fetival (Berlin) 47,000 PLN, 3rd exhibition of contempo-rary art, Poland Germany 4:6 (katowice - 14,000 PLN, the project Euro-city

2030 a fetival of the twin town Gubin-Guben 15,000 PLN, A German Cinema

Wee in Poland 28,200 PLN, the concert Polih muician in Berlin, a photo ex-hibition Polonia in photograph by stefan Dybowi organized within the project

We Berliner Wir Berliner (Berlin) 35,250 PLN, and many other project41. The

above example demontrate how divere project (ubmitted by variou entitie)

received nancial upport from the Foundation. Mot probably many project within

the Polih-German cultural cooperation would not have been realized if it wa not for

the ubtantial nancial upport of The Foundation for Polih-German Cooperation.

FORMs AND LEVELs OF CuLTuRAL COOPERATION

Cltral cooperation with foreign contrie inclding German i exected onvario level inclding: 1) the level of the tate (international agreement on cltr-al cooperation and the exective programme and directive appended to the agree-ment); 2) regional and local level (agreement made between region, voivodehip,local government, town and citie); 3) the level of intittion (agreement be-tween particlar intittion, cltral centre, etc.; 4) the level of particlar branche(throgh direct contact between ocietie, nion and aociation of artit); 5) thelevel of individal contact between artit and athor); 6) on commercial grond(thi form ha developed mainl than to the legal and political tranformation andi dependent on the inventivene and reilience of the intereted entitie).

tb c bw w

The agreement on cltral cooperation from 1997 inclded a proviion concern-ing mtal cooperation at the level of region and local government in varioarea. Article 16 a, The partie to the agreement will facilitate and encorage all-embracing cooperation and partnerhip at the regional and local level with pecialimportance attached to cooperation in the borderland region42. The cooperationand cltral exchange between both contrie gained momentm epeciall afterPoland acceion to the Eropean union on 1 Ma 2004. since then joint initia-

tive and project were ndertaen on a mch larger cale than before. The projectrealized within the cope of partnerhip between town were the mot viible and thebet nanced. The example of mtal contact between sbice and Franfrt on theOder provide ome evidence for the livel cooperation in vario area of life incld-ing rt of all the domain of cltre43.

41 For a wider accont ee the lit of project pported b the Fondation, Report from the activitof the Fondation for 2009, http://www.fwpn.org.pl/etc/_g/litaWWW_pl.pdf

42 Agreement between the government of the Repblic of Poland .1997, art. 16.43 The initiative sbfrt i one of the more intereting cltral project b both town for more

information ee: M. krzwell, Subfurt miasto na granicy dwch krajw [Subfurt a town on the bor-der of two countries], Przegld Zachodni 2007 No. 4, pp. 60-68.


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Intereting initiative were alo ndertaen b two twin town divided b theborder, Zgorzelec and Grlitz. The athoritie of both town convinced that thecan pla an important role in the proce of Eropean integration decided to grant

a pecial ignicance to the region and on 5 Ma 1998 made a Declaration of creat-ing the Erope-Town of Zgorzelec/Grlitz44. On the 5th anniverar of igning theDeclaration (5 Ma 2003) the Town Concil in Zgorzelec and the Town Concilin Grlitz conrmed the mtal partnerhip of both town etablihed on 14 March198045. Dring a eion on 5 Ma 2003 the ied a joint tatement concerningthe preparation and realization of the project entitled Par of Bridge a a com-monl hared centre of one divided town of two nation46. The idea wa to createa meeting area acceible to all the inhabitant. The project Par of Bridge i anartitic viion and alo the rt joint infratrctral ndertaing b a Polih and Ger-man town of an rban character47. The aim of the project wa to give the town a newqalit of life and to mae a pirital bond between both nation poible. ThePar of Bridge i hoped in ftre to contitte a German gatewa to Polih cltreand a Polih gatewa to German cltre48.

A new agreement on partnerhip and cooperation between both town wa ignedon 29 April 2004. The agreement nderlined the fact that the broadening of the co-operation aim at cloer relation between the inhabitant of both town, and b theame toen at pporting the proce of Eropean integration49. In the annex to theagreement both ide decided, among other, to mae effort to pport the candi-dac of Grlitz together with the twin town of Zgorzelec for the title of the Eropean

Capital of Cltre in 2010, a well a to frther the development of the joint towncentre, The Par of Bridge and raie the necear nancial reorce on bothide of the river Neie.

The architectral viion of the Par of Bridge wa prepared and preented atthe beginning of 2004 b a pecial international team headed b Thoma sprengel.It inclded renown creator of cltre, among other Milada lizia (internationalart crator in the Centre for Contemporar Art in Waraw), Max Hollein (Direc-tor ofSchirn Kunsthalle in Franfrt on the Main), and alo architect: Joef PeterMeier-scpin (Mnich), Fran Geppert (Grlitz) and Piotr Pawowicz (Zgorzelec)and a landcape architect Prof. udo Weilacher from Hannover.

44 Declaration of creating the Erope-Town of Zgorzelec/Grlitz, http://www.bip.zgorzelec.iap.pl45 Joint tatement concerning the modication of the partnerhip agreement, Zgorzelec, 5 Ma

2003, http://www.bip.zgorzelec.iap.pl46 Joint tatement of the town of Zgorzelec and Grlitz concerning the preparation and realization

of the project Par of Bridge, http://www.bip.zgorzelec.iap.pl47 Grlitz-Zgorzelec Eropean Capital of Cltre. Par of Bridge, Archive of the Minitr for

Cltre and National Heritage, Department for International Cooperation, realization of cltral ex-change 2002-2006, BE 5, ign. 2242/5.

48 Ibidem.

49 Agreement on partnerhip cooperation between the town of Zgorzelec (Poland) and Grlitz(German), http://www.bip.zgorzelec.iap.pl


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The project included, among other plan for etablihing an Art and Media Fo-

rum, creating a modern Centre for Communication and Culture on the eatern ban of

the border croing, recontructing the Stadthalle in Grlitz and creating there a mul-

tifunctional concert hall of upra-regional importance, renovating the Town CulturalCentre in Zgorzelec50, renovating the former ynagogue in Grlitz and tranforming it

into an international Cultural Centre, and many other undertaing in the area of com-

munication and education.

The Art and Media Forum i uppoed to be not only a centre for modern art but

alo a place of creative wor for artit. The project, among other, include plan for

maing ue of new media, interdiciplinary artitic procee, development of new

form of contructional art and giving an artitic hape to public pace. The Par of

Bridge ha alo plan for creating a Literary Houe (Literaturhau Arno schmidt

Miron Biaozewi), a meeting centre for Polih and German literature with the aim

to upport contact and collaboration between writer, cientit, tranlator, critic andpubliher on both ide of the border. The fundamental aumption of the large-cale

Par of Bridge project i that all the intitution, that i the Polih Centre for Com-

munication and Culture, the German Stadthalle, the Polih Cultural Centre, a well a

the former ynagogue would function a communal intitution of joint utility.

There are alo man other initiative ndertaen jointl b theatre and philhar-monic on both ide of the border (concert, opera performance, operetta, mi-cal, ballet, etc.), a well a dicion form (The Grlitz-Zgorzelec Wedneda,The Polih-German salon) which are meant to erve the prpoe of integrating thecommnitie of both town. since 1995 ever mmer Grlitz in cooperation withZgorzelec and Jelenia Gra have organized a treet theatre fetival Via Thea, a wella man other fetival, e.g. Grlitz Jazz Da, National Fetival of Gree song inZgorzelec, Schlesische Musikfeste, the fetival of three contrie Triad (Dreiklang),The Wee of Bach (Bachwoche), the Old Town Fetival (Altstadtfest), The GrlitzOrgan Night (Orgelnacht), A Da of Open Monment (Tag des offenen Denkmals),

Folklorum Festival der Kulturen, and man other51.Depite the fact that the effort of both town to obtain the title Eropean Capi-

tal of Cltre did not cceed52, the inhabitant of the Erope-Town of Zgorzelec/Grlitz have not given p their plan53. soon afterward, on 16 Ma 2006 the con-

50 The bilding of the preent Mnicipal Cltral Centre in Zgorzelec wa erected in the ear 1898--1902; it wa deigned b Hgo Behr. It wa meant to be a memorial to the glor of the emperorWilhelm I and Frederic III who died in 1888. The bilding called Grnoca Hala Chwa [Hihg-Latian Hall of Glor] wa nanced b the inhabitant of Grne ce. The ceremonial opening waperformed b Emperor Wilhelm II on 28 November 1902. Two ear later, on 1 Jne 1904 a Memwa opened there (Kaiser-Friedrich Museum).

51 For a wider accont ee: Grlitz-Zgorzelec, Eropean52 The Eropean Commiion Jr granted the title of the Eropean Capital of Cltre 2010 to the

citie of: Een, Itanbl and Pec.53 We are bilding together a town of Eropean Cltre, Zgorzelec/Grlitz, http://www.bip.zgo-

rzelec.iap.pl; ee alo: M. koot, Grlitz and Zgorzelec will not be the European Capital of Culture in2010, dail Gazeta Wborcza (Tor) No. 87, 12 Apr 2006.


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cillor of both town ied a pecial tatement which, among other, read, Here inZgorzelec/Grlitz a town of two langage, two nation and two cltre i cominginto being, it i a model of Eropean integration54. The Project Par of Bridge with

an etimated cot of 40 million Ero i to be nanced mainl b the German ide.Even if not all the plan will be fll realized, or their implementation will tretchover time and their effect are, at leat at the moment, relativel little viible, theneverthele deerve attention at leat becae the are an expreion of the intentionon both ide of the border to create a common pace in the town friendl for theinhabitant on both, the right and the left ban of the Neie river.

C w w

Partnerhip between twin citie/town i one of the livel and vibrant form ofbilateral cooperation. The rt partnerhip agreement between Polih and Germancitie/town were igned at the end of the 1970. With the paage of time, it wa no-

ticed that it i a ver benecial and effective form of collaboration for both ide onman level, and epeciall with reference to the cltral domain. In 1999 there wereabot 250 active partnerhip etablihed between large citie and mall town55.some of them fnction in a better or wore wa. The agreement igned betweenPozna and Hannover on 29 October 1979 i one of the oldet partnerhip 56. Everince, it ha been renewed ever ear and pplemented with an annex incldingpecic ta for the crrent ear.

The active partnerhip between kraw and Nremberg etablihed on 2 Oc-tober 1979 can alo be given a an example of ccefll developing cooperationwith a model qalit in term of veratilit and intenit of relation57. Over ten earlater, on 9 December 1991 both citie igned an agreement on cooperation baed onthe principle of twin citie. It embrace almot all area of life inclding coopera-tion between intittion of higher edcation and cltral intittion 58. A fetive cel-ebration of 25 ear of the partnerhip too place in 2004 and it wa combined withthe mtal preentation of both citie. Five ear later there were joint celebrationof 30 ear of the partnerhip. In Ma 2009 a conference wa held in Nrembergentitled The ignicance of partnerhip between local government for Polih-Ger-

54 statement given b the concillor of the Zgorzelec Town Concil and of the Grlitz Town

Concil at the joint eion on 16 Ma 2006; http://www.bip.zgorzelec.iap.pl55 see: Polo-niemieca wppraca ltralna i naowa (wbrane apet w otatnich il

latach) [Polih-German cltral and cientic cooperation] (elected apect in recent ear), Depart-ment of Cltre in the Polih Emba in Cologne, Agt 1998, Archive of the Minitr for Cltreand National Heritage, Department of International Cooperation and Eropean Integration, Materialconcerning the meeting of Miniter A. Zarzewi with Miniter M. Namann, ign. 1908/ 40, p. 10.

56 For a wider accont ee: A. sobo, Partnerzy od lat: Pozna-Hanower [Partners for years:Pozna-Hannover], in: Wielkopolska niemieckie kraje zwizkowe. Czas wsppracy, vol. 1:Konteksty.Kontakty, ed. b s. Pionte, Pozna 2009, pp. 77-82; ee alo: M. Wagia-Marzec, Polsko-niemieckiekontakty kulturalne w latach 1990-2008. Pozna RFN Hanower [Polish-German cultural contacts inthe years 1990-2008. Pozna Federal Republic of Germany Hannover], in: ibidem, pp. 97-117.

57 What hold one now abot Nremberg and the cooperation between both citie? http://www.

raow.pl/get_pdf.php?do_id=3999.58 P. schremer,Eine aktive Partnerschaft. Active partnership, Dialog 1998, No. 1, pp. 78-79.


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man relation. The participant of the conference inclded the Preident of kraw,Maor of Nremberg, the chair of the kraw Cit Concil and kraw concil-lor. The cltral programme of the conference inclded a performance b Motion

Trio from kraw and enemble kONTRAsTE from Nremberg. Apart fromthat there wa an exhibition b ong graphic artit from kraw and an exhibitionof photograph b Jtta Mibach entitled Jell weet and Mercede car. Polihaociation with German. Additionall, in the Langwaer Cltral Centre therewa an exhibition prepared b the Cltral Centre from Nowa Hta entitled Con-temporar painting from kraw59.

The fnctioning of two exceptional centre i a ditinctive expreion of therealization of partnerhip ideal, namel the kraw Hoe in Nremberg and theNremberg Hoe in kraw. Both centre organize ever ear man exhibition,concert, literar meeting and lm event. In the kraw Hoe there i alo an

information centre abot kraw and a retarant, a well a the head ofce of thePolih-German societ in Franconia and of the kraw Tower Aociation. TheNremberg Hoe in kraw organize vario cltral project and periodic event,lie for example the German Film Fetival, or the Bavarian Film Fetival60.

It i impoible to enmerate all expreion of the bilateral cooperation betweenboth citie bt a cloe cooperation between mic grop from Nremberg and theJagiellonian univerit Academic Choir and the Ballet of Modern Form of the uni-verit of science and Technolog can be mentioned, a well a the effect of thecooperation in the form of the Nremberg Concert in kraw (Jl 2009). since1987 there ha been a reglar exchange programme concerning wor practice andtdent training practice between the Fine Art Academ in kraw and in Nrem-berg. some of the project were implemented than to the merit of the great friendof kraw, Dizz Nrnberger, the owner of one of Nremberg gallerie.

Another viible ign of the friendhip between Nremberg and kraw wa thehelp of the Nremberg Cit Concil and man other intittion and Nrembergmic lover in the retoration of the organ in the kraw Philharmonic follow-ing a re in 1991. The partnerhip between kraw and Nremberg ha for earbeen pported (alo nanciall) b theDeutsch-Polnische Gesellschaft in Frankenwhich wa etablihed in 1997. In the opinion of the Conl General of German,

Heinz Peter Minor Poland ha good cooperation with Thringia and kraw withNremberg61.

59 kraw Nremberg 30 ear of partnerhip, http://www.dom-normberi.com/dama/raow_normberga.html ; ee alo: Celebration of 30 ear of partnerhip between the citie: http://www.po-prot.e/index.php?option=com_content&ta=view&id=2048&Itemid=1.

60 A a crioit it can be mentioned that the o called Nremberg tram are a noticeable mbolof partnerhip between both citie. The are till rnning in kraw. since 1988 abot 130 tram car-riage have been given to the kraw Mnicipal Tranport Compan b Nremberg (motl free ofcharge). In recent ear two-wa tram carriage were boght at preferential price in Nremberg.

61Diplomatic Exchange of DJs, Interview with Dr. Heinz Peter, the new Conl General of Ger-man in kraw, dail Gazeta Wborcza 19 Jl 2009.


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Cooperation within partnership between schools

There i alo extenive partnerhip between chool including muic chool,

which i mainl due to the engagement of private peron, including among oth-

er, teacher in muic chool in German and in Poland62

. A good example ithe ucceful chool exchange programme undertaken in 2000 at the initiative of

Gerard Hartwig, a teacher from the German Muikchule in Tettnang and Grze-

gorz Walazczk from the J. Paderewki state Muic school of rt degree in Tar-

nowkie Gr. The rt viit of the Tarnowkie Gr muic chool in German

took place in september/October 2000. The return viit of the German tudent

took place in Ma 2001 and ince then the chool exchange ha been a regular

event; the chool from Tarnowkie Gr ha hoted the tudent and teacher from

Tettnang, and the ame number of time the chool from Tarnowkie Gr ha been

to German63. Each time the cultural exchange wa ubidized b the Deutsch-

Polnisches Jugendwerkin Potdam.

On the occaion of 5 ear of cooperation between both chool, which coin-

cided with the jubilee of 30 ear of the Muikchule in Tettnang a joint CD wa

recorded with performance of tudent from both chool with chamber muic and

orchetra compoition. Both chool are aware of how much the gain thank to

the exchange: the opportunit to perform in the neighbouring countr and mutu-

all preent achievement of the tudent. Thank to the joint muic eion with

time a lating bond of friendhip between the Polih and German outh ha fre-

quentl been created. Alo the exchange of the teaching experience and didactic

between the teacher from both chool i benecial for both ide. However, themot important ucce of the exchange i undoubtedl the fact that through joint

concert it contribute to the popularization of Polih and German muic in both

countrie64.

A a conequence of the cloe contact the tudent and the teacher have

a chance to get to know the other countr a well a the culture and tradition of

both countrie. The exchange programme purpoefull combined artitic perform-

ance with the ighteeing of hitorical monument and attractive place of a given

region. For example, Polih tudent could become familiar with the charming

place in Baden-Wrttemberg and the guet from Tettnang got to know the ur-rounding area of Tarnowkie Gr65. It i worth emphaizing that the muic chool

in Tarnowkie Gr wa on the lit of a man a eight chool in the sileian

62 More abot the partnerhip between chool ee: Th. Mechtenberg,Polsko-niemieckie partnerst-wa szk [Polish-German school partnerships], Dialog 1004, No. 1-4, pp. 82-83.

63 I. J. Paderewi state Muic school in Tarnowie Gry, www.zolamuz.tgory.nei.pl/wymiana.php.64 Zob. Program wmian z mzcznch z Tarnowich Gr i Tettnang, 2-6. 10. 2008,

www.zolamz.tgor.nei.pl_wmiana.php.65 see: Report from the exchange, www.zolamz.tgor.nei.pl/wmiana.php.


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Voivodehip which have had cultural exchange programme with muic chool in

Baden-Wrttemberg. Thi how that the number of chool which cultivate thi

form of bilateral collaboration i not at all mall.

THE MOsT IMPORTANT EVENTs (1990-2010)

The interet in or contr concerning cltral contact with Poland ha igni-cantl increaed ince 1989. It inclded initiative bmitted at the central level awell a thoe paed on directl to regional government, intittion and cltralcentre in Poland, or to the aociation of athor and individal artit66. It i virt-all impoible to cont all of the cltral event which have taen place in Germanand in Poland within the cooperation between both contrie ince 1990 ntil the

preent moment. The were taing place in large citie a well a in mall town. Theevent were organized not onl a a wa of realizing the proviion of the treat andfllling international agreement. The initiator of contining the exiting mtalcontact a well a of etablihing new one inclded intittion and tate athori-tie a well a regional and local government, nmero organization, aociation,artitic ocietie, chool a well a, and perhap primaril, private peron. Epe-ciall the cooperation at the local level wa ver vibrant. Perhap it did not receivea lot of pblicit bt it wa extremel important for local commnitie. Analzingthe example of Polih project realized in German and German project in Poland

in the lat twent ear it i noticeable that there i till a diproportion between thenmber of organized event, namel deciivel more Polih artit preented theirachievement and otpt in German than the other wa rond.

Apart from man individal exhibition and concert, the performance of bandand theatre grop a well a theatrical performance, lm howing, literar meet-ing, etc. organized in both contrie on mtal term, the Polih artit and cltralintittion (opera theatre, claical theatre and ballet) too part in mic, theatreand lm fetival in German and German artit did the ame in Poland (althogh toa ignicantl leer degree). Another event which hold be noticed i the participa-tion of Polih athor and pblihing hoe in the International Boo Fair in Leip-zig and in Franfrt on the Main67, and German participation in the InternationalBoo Fair in Waraw. Beide, the trilateral cltral cooperation between Poland,German and France within the Weimar Triangle need to be remembered.

undobtedl the mot noticed, effective and veratile ndertaing were the all-embracing event lie the Polih Da (Polih Wee) organized on a wider cale

66 see: Cltral cooperation with Wetern Erope and the usA, Ma 1990 r., Archive of the Min-itr for Cltre and National Heritage, General draft, ign. 1511 nr 21/3.

67 For a wider accont, among other, ee: J. sibia,Pena gotowo do Frankfurtu 2000? [Fullreadiness for Frankfurt 2000?], Dialog 1999, atmn/winter, pp. 100-101.


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in vario citie and town on the territor of both, the old and the new contitentcontrie of the Federal Repblic of German, for example Da of Polih Cltre inLbec68, Polih Wee in Berlin69, Polih Cltral Wee in Aachen70, Da of Polih

Cltre in Brnwic71

and imilar German event which too place in Poland, forexample Da of Bavarian Cltre in kraw72, Da of saxon in Wrocaw73, Thr-ingia Da in kraw74.

More pblicit becae of the cope (regional) and the time (almot the wholeear) wa attracted b the project in the region Baden-Wrttemberg nder the titlePoland Baden-Wrttemberg Cltral Meeting 1997/1998 (kltrbegegnngenPolen/Baden-Wrttemberg 1997/199875). The deciion concerning the theme andthe organization of the event were condcted at the governmental level between thePolih government and the government of Baden-Wrttemberg. The event wa oneof the larget preentation of Polih art and cltre in the lat twent ear in thatcontr. The Polih-Baden-Wrttemberg Meeting were accompanied b a Fetivalb Lae Contance (Bodensee-Festival) in which artit and mphonic orchetrafrom Poland too part.

unqetionabl however, it wa the Polih-German year 2005/2006 which wathe mot important and the mot pectaclar event of recent ear. It aimed, amongother, at trengthening the cooperation between intittion and citizen of Polandand German in the enlarged Eropean union. The cltral programme of the Polih-German ear inclded abot 160 vario event (concerning mic, theatre, litera-tre, lm, exhibition of painting and graphic art, mltimedia project, etc.) and

meeting, conference, etc. on topic related to cltre, art and hitor. The wereheld, among other, in Berlin, Deldorf, Cologne, Hambrg, Bremen and Fran-frt on the Main over the period of time from April 2005 to the atmn of 200676.

68 For a wider accont ee: R. Reche, Polnische Kulturtage Lbeck. Days of Polish Culture inLbeckDialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 107.

69 For a wider accont ee: W. Pomianowi, Polska c ley bliej? [Poland well, what iscloser? Polish Week in Berlin] Polen was liegt nher? Polnische Woche in Berlin Dialog 1998, No.3-4, pp. 105-106.

70 O. Mller,Akwizgran uczci Bronisawa Geremka [Aachen honoured Bronisaw Geremek]. Dia-logue and Fete Polish Weeks of Culture, Aachen feierte Bronisaw Geremek. Dialog und Fest Polni-sche Kulturwochen, Dialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 104.

71 For a wider accont ee: D. Bonowi, Days of Polish Culture in Braunschweig, PolnischeKulturtage in Braunschweig, Dialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 109.

72 For a wider accont ee: R. kopto,Bavarian Culture Days, Dialog 1998, No. 1, p. 73.73 For a wider accont ee: Saksonia we Wrocawiu. [Saxony in Wrocaw] Sachsen in Breslau,

Dialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 105.74 For a wider accont ee: A. Bgaja, Thuringia Days in Krakw. Thringer Kulturtage in

Krakau, Dialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 108.75 For a wider accont ee: M. Wagia-Marzec, Rozwj polsko-niemieckich stosunkw kultur-

alnych w latach 1990-2010 [Development of Polish-German cultural relations in the years 1990-2010],

in:Polsko-niemieckie stosunki spoeczne i kulturalne, (ed.) A. saon (in preparation).76 A wider acont of the Polih-German year ee: ibidem.


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It i alo impoible to forget abot the nmero event connected with thecelebration of the year of Chopin, Chopin 2010 in German. The inclded rtof all concert with the participation of Polih and foreign pianit a well a exhibi-

tion, lectre and tal abot the compoer and hi creative otpt. An example ofan intereting German-Polih initiative i the idea of a joint edition (in Poland and inGerman) of a potal tamp howing the image of Qeen Richeza77. The Project waccefll completed in 1988. In Ma 1999 the Polih school at the Emba inCologne received the name of Qeen Richeza.

THE CELEBRATION OF THE TREATys ANNIVERsARy THE CuLTuRAL PROGRAMME

The ear 2011 wa mared b two important event: 20 ear ince the ign-

ing of the Polih-German Treat on Good Neighborhip and Friendl Cooperation(17 Jne 1991) and the Polih preidenc in the Eu Concil (econd half of 2011).The celebration of 20 ear ince the igning of the Treat both, in German andin Poland inclded man meeting, dicion and conference a well a artiticevent inclding, among other, the Polih-German Fetival of Modern Neighbor-hip nder the title nb 2.0. It too place from 6 Ma to 17 Jne 2011.It wa a nationwide event with the central event organized in Waraw, kraw,Pozna and Gda. The programme inclded abot 30 project reecting the a-thentic, vibrant and mltilateral cooperation between Pole and German; it wappoed to encorage frther dialoge, participation and collaboration in creatingtogether with German a ftre model of neighborhip in Erope78. The projecthowed mainl the technological progre in the world of digitalization and cltralprogramme prepared with the e of new media. Man intittion were involvedin the completion of the project, among other: The New Theatre in Waraw, TheOld Theatre in kraw, Theater Hebbel am Uferin Berlin, The Nremberg Hoe inkraw, The National Adio-Vial Intitte, The Polih Intitte in Berlin,Planete

Doc Film Festival, The Monte Video Photo Fondation, The German Concil forMic, The Contemporar Art Centre ania in Gda, The German FahionFilm Award, The Heinrich Bll Fondation, The Copernic science Centre and the

Fondation for Polih-German Cooperation79.

77 Qeen Richeza (died in 1063) Prince from the North Rhine area, daghter of the RhinePalatine Erienfried, niece to Otton III, wife of Miezo II, mother of Caimir the Renewer; for a wideraccont ee: Rcheza, rlowa Pola [Richea the Qeen of Poland], http://hitoria_obiet.w.interia.pl/tet/rcheza.html; ee alo: A. schweiger, Rcheza z Nadrenii, rlow na polim tronie mboljednoci Erop? [Richea from North Rhine, qeen on the Polih throne mbol of Eropean nit],http://v1.polonia-viva.e/index.php?option=com_content&id=6%3Archeza-z-nadrenii-rolow-na-polim-tronie-mbol-jednoci-erop&Itemid=5.

78 Neighbor 2.0, http://www.warcha.diplo.de/Vertretng/warcha/pl/AkTuELLEs/Nach-

barn_202.0/Projet.html.79 Ibidem.


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EVALuATION ATTEMPT

The external condition have changed in the integrating Erope and in the face

of the new challenge there wa no room for the ole export of national cltre.A cooperation baed on different principle became a mt; it wa more abot col-laboration and intellectal omoi80. The tranition to a new form of cooperationfor both ide conited in the commonl hared promotion of national cltre in theneighboring contr a well a in the preentation of intereting phenomena, eventand cltral tranformation in both contrie. It wa noticed that thi ind of coop-eration will be both, more effective a well a le expenive when compared withthe (freqentl infcientl conidered) export of national cltre.

Poland occpie an important place in German cltral and cientic coopera-tion with other contrie, and Polih-German cltral cooperation t ver well into() the new Eropean paradigm81. The interet in German in bilateral cltralcooperation, on the one hand open new perpective for a permanent place of Polihcltre and cience in the Federal Repblic of German bt, on the other hand, itface with hge reqirement and challenge. The factor which are favorablefor promoting Polih cltre in German inclde the rich cltral infratrctre re-lting from the federal tem of government and the relativel high pblic ex-penditre on cltre. Althogh, in the period of the economic crii in recent earevere nancial ct were impoed on vario ector inclding cltre.

On the brea of 1999/2000 the Minitr of Cltre and the Art poitivel a-

eed Polih-German cooperation in the area of cltre both, at the level of the tate(between the Polih and German government) and at the miniterial level (betweenthe Polih Minitr of Cltre and the Art and the relevant intittion in the govern-ment of the contitent contrie of the federation)82. The preence of both contriein the Pan-Eropean form (e.g. the Concil of Erope) and regional one (e.g.,ARs-Baltica) wa evalated a atifactor. The sileian Cltral Award (Kultur-

preis Schlesien) granted ince 1991 to ditingihed peron of cltre and ciencefrom Poland and German in recognition of their ervice for sileia wa qoted aan example of a ccefl friendl cooperation in the area of cltre. Thi award

80 see: Polo-niemieca wppraca ltralna i naowa [Polih-German cltral and cienticcooperation (elected apect in recent ear), Department of Cltre of the Polih Emba in Cologne,Agt 1998., Archive of the Minitr for Cltre and National Heritage, Dep. for International Co-operation and Eropean Integration, Material concerning the meeting of Miniter A. Zarzewi withMiniter M. Namann ign. 1908/ 40.

81 Ibidem.82 see: A. Niewiadoma, Tez do rozmw z Minitrem Michaelem Namannem, [Thee for tal

with Miniter Michael Namann]. Archive of the Minitr for Cltre and National Heritage, Dep. forInternational Cooperation and Eropean Integration, ign. 1908/40.


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ha become an element of cltral neighborhip of Pole and German83. The la-reate in the pat inclded, among other, the poet, Tadez Rewicz (1994), Prof.Fritz stern (1996), a compoer Henr Mioaj Greci (1997), and other84.

In the etimation of the Minitr for Cltre and the Art b the end of the 1990the igning of the agreement on cltral cooperation between Poland and Germanin Bonn in 1997 did not cae an ignicant change in Polih-German cltralrelation85. Thi mean that the cltral cooperation and exchange wa continedand too it own core. The difclt topic in the mtal cltral relation inclded:1) the retrn of the robbed and diplaced cltral good dring the wartime; 2) thepport for the cltral activit of national minoritie in Poland and in German (themain ie wa increaing pport for the Polih minorit in German and maingit le breacratic); 3) problem related with the illegal trade of wor of art (caof the Jagiellonian Librar)86.

The negative image of Poland and Pole haped b the German media whichexit in the concione of German ociet wa regarded a the mot difcltocial problem. Another et of controverial ie inclded the ocial and hitoricalproblem concerning, among other, national memorial and commemorating WorldWar II87.

In the cope of fllling the proviion of the Treat the cae of renovation ofthe J.I. krazewi Mem in Dreden wa one of the mot ardo matter88. Theproblem wa that the bilding of the Mem after 30 ear of having been in ewa in a diatro technical tate and needed a thorogh renovation, which event-

all wa carried ot a late a in 2000-200189

. The ofcial ceremonial opening ofthe new exhibition too place on 17 Jne 2001 within the celebration event on theoccaion of the 10th anniverar of igning the Treat on Good Neighborhip and

83 For a wider accont ee: R. Reche, Nagroda Kulturalna lska 1997 [Silesian Cultural Award1997], Dialog 1997 No. 3-4, p. 67.

84 see: R. Reche,Nagroda Kulturalna lska landu Dolna Saksonia za rok 1998 [Silesian CulturalAward from Lower Saxony for 1998], Dialog 1998, No. 3-4, p. 69.

85 see: Tez do rozmw z zare problemati bilateralnej wppraca ltralna [Thee fortal on bilateral problem cltral cooperation] , Archive of the Minitr for Cltre and NationalHeritage, Dep. for International Cooperation and Eropean Integration, ign. 1908/40.

86 see A. Niewiadoma, op.cit.87 The problem concerned a memorial in the cemeter in Branchweig, where the bodie of new-

born babie of Polih forced laborer were bried, a well a difcltie encontered b the Polih idein their attempt to place a Polih exhibition in the former concentration camp in Dacha.

88 The mem i located in the bilding in Nordtrae in Netadt ditrict, where the writer liveddring hi ta in thi town. The bilding in term of adminitration i a branch of the Dreden Cit M-em (Stadtmuseum Dresden) and it exhibit come from the collection of the A. Miciewicz LiteratreMem in Waraw. The Mem organize vario periodic exhibition devoted to vario crrentcltral event, a well a dicion and chamber mic concert., ee, among other, P. Chemnitz,Jzef Ignacy Kraszewski in Dresden, Dialog 1996 No. 1, p. 2.

89 E. szmaa,Muzemu Literatury im. Adam Mickiewicza w Warszawie [A. Mickiewicz Litera-ture Museum in Warsaw], Waraw 2005, ee: J. I. krazewi Mem in Dreden, www.cltre.pl.


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Friendl Cooperation between German and Poland. Dring a ood in 2002 themem ffered erio damage and after the damage wa repaired it remed itactivit in 2003.

* * * *A coniderable impact on the favorable development of cltral relation be-

tween both contrie wa made b the change of the political and ocial climate, andexternal condition following the 1990 breathrogh, and epeciall after Polandacceion to the Eu in 2004. The Federal Repblic of German i one of the larg-et partner of Poland in the area of cltre and it deciivel dominate over othercontrie with repect to the intenit and the qalit of cltral contact. When itcome to fllling the commitment of the Treat and proviion of the agreementon cltral cooperation and exchange b both ide, the mot important i the con-

viction abot the prpoeflne and reaonablene of realizing them a well a thegood will to cooperate in thi repect. There are man example which demontratethat thi conviction i certainl preent on the Polih and on the German ide. Bothide are aware of the role of cltre in haping the ocial identit and the image ofone own contr and nation in the contr of the neighbor. The perceive cltrea an intrment erving international dialoge and contribting to oothing politicaland ocial tenion.

Althogh not all the planned cltral project were realized it wa rather a reltof problem of a nancial natre (epeciall on the Polih ide the lac of nancialmean wa freqentl a ignicant contraint). However, the ideological and politi-cal barrier diappeared, a well a the phenomenon of impoed friendhip a itwa the cae with relation with the former Eat German. yet, what remain i theqetion of the mtal attractivene of both cltre. Certainl Polih artit andathor are more attracted to the cltre of the Wet than the other wa rond, andPole are more intereted in the opportnit to enter the German maret than Ger-man artit are with reference to Poland. Thi ma be one of the reaon for a indof ammetr in the preence of Polih cltre in German and German cltre inPoland (a revere phenomenon can be, for example oberved in literatre, althoghthe reaon for thi are mot liel complex). It i difclt to give a traightforward

anwer to the qetion concerning the interet in the Polih cltre in the contr ofit wetern neighbor becae ch reearch ha not been condcted. The anwer canalo differ depending on the viewpoint and expectation of the interloctor.

Recentl, epeciall after Poland acceion to the Eu trctre, there ha beena noticeable change in the form of cooperation and in the natre of the event.Large-cale joint project embracing vario area of cltre and the art tarted tobe realized more freqentl. Thi however did not relt in reigning from, or ot-ing the individal exchange of artit and athor. Another characteritic featre waaiming at a earch for new, original form of cooperation, realization of mltimediaproject and organizing artitic event with the e of modern technolog and meanof expreion. A tendenc to promote ong little nown athor and avant-garde


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experimental artit wa alo noticeable. The nmber of Polih-German nderta-ing on the local level ha btantiall increaed (in comparion with the time be-fore 1990) which althogh were nable to get throgh to the common concione

the neverthele plaed an important part in local commnitie. In order to realizehow man of them there were and how veratile the were it i enogh to loo at thelit of project pported b the Fondation for Polih-German Cooperation in thelat decade (2001-2009).

undobtedl, a ignicant role in poplarizing the Polih cltre in Germanha been plaed b: the Polih Intitte in Berlin and it branch in Leipzig, b thePolih Intitte in Deldorf, a well a b the Polih Emba in Berlin and theConlate General in Cologne, Mnich and Hambrg. Their activit tranlated itelfclearl into the nmber and the qalit of the project and cltral event organizedwithin the radi of the area where the operate. Thi had a btantial importancefor the haping of the image of Poland and Polih cltre in German. A imilaraement hold go for the effort made b the German Emba in Waraw andthe Conlate General of the Federal Repblic of German in Wrocaw, Gdaand kraw toward cltral exchange and haping a poitive image of Germanin Poland, a well a for the vibrant centre of the Goethe-Institutin Waraw andkraw. Alo the role of the Fondation for Polih-German Cooperation deerve tobe nderlined a well a it btantial nancial pport which made it poible tocomplete man Polih-German ventre and artitic project. undobtedl, withotthe initiative and commitment of man entitie and people for the cae of coopera-

tion and cltral exchange the proviion of the Treat and of vario agreementwold remain onl empt declaration.The opening of the border, free ow of information and the poibilit to com-

mnicate, the development of technolog facilitating the tranfer of idea and val-e, and nall a change of approach to the wa cltral exchange can be realized,altogether inenced the growing intenit of the cooperation and cltral exchangebetween Poland and German in the lat twent ear.


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