Mari Vaattovaara Professor of Urban Geography University of Helsinki
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Transcript of Mari Vaattovaara Professor of Urban Geography University of Helsinki
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Livable Cities and Urban Development- a perspective to urban renewal from the city statistics and urban research
Mari Vaattovaara
Professor of Urban Geography
University of Helsinki
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I am not about to discuss livable cities or urban development from the traditional perspectives of my research
Segregation Immigration Housing preferences Knowledge and creative industries …. where the help and statistics from the Urban Facts
has been very central
Thank you Asta Manninen and Pekka Vuori
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But rather from a perspective where I think the research and statistics really have made a major contribution
not only by adding analytical understanding but
also by offering a different perspective
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An approach to livable city through urban renewal
We - prof. Matti Kortteinen & I together with the
researchers and students worked with the world
known experts in engineering (VTT) and some of
the best architects from Aalto University to create
a livable neighbourhood or a suburb.
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Role and importance of suburbs – a major issue in terms of urban future or urban sustainability
1/3 of the apartments locate in the suburbs
1/5 of the population lives in suburbs
the least energy efficient part of the whole housing stock
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The process of urbanisation was late in Finland
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
-1920 1921-1939 1940-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-
Erilliset pientalotDetached houses
AsuinkerrostalotBlock of flats
Rivi- ja ketjutalotAttached houses
1 000 Total 2,6 million apartments
Lähde:Tilastokeskus
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Traditional – and as such - more and more advanced way is to start from the technical details and possibilities (Jyri Nieminen VTT)
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Heating
VTT Jyri Nieminen
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Air-conditioning
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Exteriors, doors and windows etc.
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Or from architectural or urban planning premises
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Potential of the renewal /TKK dept. of architecture
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Helsinki University of Technology,
Dept. of architecture/ VTT
Suunnitelma ja visualisointi: TKK Arkkitehtuurin laitos, Puurakentaminen 2009.Suunnitelma ja visualisointi: TKK Arkkitehtuurin laitos, Puurakentaminen 2009.
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Urban planning pespective
radan ylittäväkalteva viherkansi(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittäväkalteva viherkansi(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittävät
siltamaiset talot
portti-
talo
Uudet talot
radan ylittäväkalteva viherkansi(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittäväkalteva viherkansi(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittävät
siltamaiset talot
portti-
talo
Uudet talot
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In our case we started from the historical context – why were they built
Loads of statistical and
planning documentation
was retreived from the
arcives
Peltosaari was born as
part of the late but rapid
industrialisation of
Finland
All the future predictions
and best calculations
expected the
industrialisation and
construction to continue
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The population data and forecasts:Over half of the population was predicted to work in the traditional industries during 1990’s
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Now the suburb is a part of knowldge intensive, pocket sized metropolitan region And the success or
failure depends on the municipality’s and suburbs ability to attract highly educated middle class
Municipality of Riihimäki has not succeeded too well in the regional competition according to the indicators that we used Kuva 2. Riihimäen asemaa metropolialueella kuvaavien tilastollisten indikaattorien
luokitukset osatehtävän tulosten pohjalta (Helin, Lehto & Stjernberg 2009).
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As part of this national restructuring process – several suburbs have lost their position
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Male employment rate 2007
Source: Pekka Vuori
HelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinkiHelsinki
VantaaVantaaVantaaVantaaVantaaVantaaVantaaVantaaVantaa
EspooEspooEspooEspooEspooEspooEspooEspooEspoo
PKS 81,8Helsinki 79,4Espoo 85,7Vantaa 83,4Kaun. 87,1
© Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 056/2008
Miesten työllisyysaste, % Ikävakioitu
85,7 - 94,783,4 - 85,679,4 - 83,375,0 - 79,363,0 - 74,9
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Peltosaari is in its own category (unemployment rate)
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Housing market position in the Helsinki metropolitan area
Peltosaari Havukoski
Asukasluku (31.12.2006) 2292 5439
0-17-vuotiaat 16,9 16,2
18–64-vuotiaat 69,9 71,1
65-vuotiaat ja sitä vanhemmat 13,3 12,7
lapsiperheiden osuus asuntokunnista 17,4 18,8 pienituloisten kuluttajatalouksien (- 25 999€/v) suhteellinen osuus kaikista kuluttajatalouksista 67 48,4
pienituloisten (-13 999€/v)osuus kuluttajista 53,1 33,6
vain perusasteen suorittaneet yli 18-vuotiaista 44,8 39,5
opiskelijat (v. 2004) 9 7,3
eläkeläiset (v. 2004) 22,5 17,2
työttömät (v. 2004) 27 12,1
omistusasuntojen osuus asuntokannasta 30,7 50,9
vuokra-asuntojen osuus asuntokannasta 64,3 46,2
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Spatial differences are huge
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A survey, the results of which were comparable to a similar survey in the capital region was conducted in this neighbourhood. The comparison between Peltosaari and the lowest spatial decile of the suburbs of the capital region - indicated that the problems related to social disorder and insecurity doubled in this suburb compared to suburbs closer to the regional center.
Adding to this - the problems in everyday life were mainly related to social disorder and feelings of security
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Thus the willngness to move out was especially high among the knowledge workers with high education
55 % out of residents with academic degree
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Thus
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Central challenge is to overcome the rethoric regeneration
“Part of the literature concerning regeneration
comes dangerously close to painting a romantic
picture of large public housing estates as products
of working class political action” (Alan Murie 2009)
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The aim should be to develop an area that would
(i) support the strategy of the municipality (positioning in the metro-area)
(ii) fulfill the requirements of modern construction (ecology, architecture)
(iii) take care of the current residents
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How?
By at least including aside to the technical and
architectural thinking the historic context,
position in the region (housing market), socio-
economic situation and the social life of the
neighborhood. Which requires
Different approaches, knowledge and methods