Por: Julián Chamalé

12-5

Índice Argumento Sandra Cisneros Enfoque El Proceso de Socialización Agentes de la Socialización Influencia de la Sociedad en el Individuo Roles Estatus Marginación ¿En qué consiste? Tipos de Marginación Influencia Sobre el Proceso de Socialización Estrategias Para Superarse ¿Cómo Facilita la Sociedad el Proceso de Socialización? ¿Porqué “The House on Mango Street?

“The House on Mango Street”:

Argumento

Es una obra literaria que describe la historia de Esperanza Cordero. Su

casa, sus sueños, su barrio, y principalmente, sus ambiciones para algún

día vivir dignamente.

Sandra CisnerosNació el 20 de diciembre de 1954, en Chicago Illinois

La única mujer de siete hermanos.

La experiencia de los latinos en USA

The House on Mango Street

Enfoque de la AutoraEstereotipos, normas y valores

• “…Nobody went to public school unless you wanted to turn out bad.” (p.53)¹

Rol de la mujer

• “…I think that this is a Chinese lie because the Chinese, like the Mexicans, don’t like their women strong.” (p.10)²

Marginación

• “Someday I will have a best friend all my own.” (p.9)³

Rol y Estatus

• “Just because I’m a daughter…” (p.92)´

¹ Cisneros, Sandra. The House on Mango Street. New York: Vintage Books, 1991.²Idem¹³Idem¹´Idem¹

El Proceso de SocializaciónProceso Ejemplo Ref.⁵

Interrelacionarse “You want a friend, she says (…) I´ll be your friend.” p. 13

Conocimiento de la Cultura

“Your abuelito is dead, Papa says early (…) estámuerto, and then (…) my brave Papa cries.”

p. 56

Adquisición de Aptitudes y Normas

“One of the boys invented the rules (…) You can´t get the keys back unless you kiss us…”

p. 96

Interiorización de las Normas

“…It was just a kiss, that´s all (…) she said.” p. 97

Desempeño en la sociedad

“…When you leave you must remember always to come back (…) You can´t forget who you are (…) For the ones who cannot leave as easily as you…”

p. 105

µIdem¹

Agentes de la SocializaciónAgente Ejemplo Ref.⁶

La Familia “And I think if my own Papa died what would you I do. I hold my Papa in my arms…”

p. 57

Otro Significante

“No, Alicia says. Like it or not you are Mango Street, and one day you’ll come back too.”

p.107

Grupo de Referencia

“But I like them. Their clothes are crooked and old…” p.14

Grupos Múltiples

“She lets me read her poems. I let her read mine…” p.84

Grupos Pares “Down, down Mango Street we go. Rachel, Lucy, me. Our new bicycle. Laughing the crooked ride back.”

p.16

La Escuela “The Catholic high school cost a lot, and Papa said nobody went to public school unless you wanted to turn out bad.”

p.53

Medios de Comunicación

“And inside it would have real stairs, not hallway stairs, but stairs inside like the houses on T.V…”

p.14

¶Idem¹

Influencia de la Sociedad en el

Individuo

Sociedad-Individuo

Interre-laciones

Normas

Perso-nalidad

Roles

Estatus

Roles Roles Adscritos: “…I don’t want to inherit her place by the window.” (p.11)·

Roles Adquiridos: “…I find an easy job…” (p.53)¸

Hija

Mujer

Estudiante Asalariada Amiga Esperanza

·Idem¹¸Idem¹

Estatus Adscritos: “I thought I would because he was so old…” (p.55)¹

Adquiridos:”Don’t talk to them, says Cathy.” (p.14)¹⁰

Clase Baja Estudiante Asalariada

Mujer Hispana* Adolescente

¹Idem¹¹⁰Idem¹

Marginación

“…Two girls raggedy as rats live across the street. You don´t

want to know them…” (p.12) ¹¹

¹¹Idem¹

¿En qué consiste? Proceso resultante.

Estructura social, política y económica.

Sector o sectores.

Condiciones marcadas.

Debajo del promedio.

Exclusión.

Tipos de Marginación

Tipos: Ejemplo: Ref. ¹²

Alternativa “I would like to baptize myself under a new name, a name more like the real me *…+ Something like Zeze the X will do.”

p.11

Evasiva “Marin lights a cigarette and it doesn´t matter if it´s cold out *…+ What´s matter, Marin says…”

p.27

Natural de Exclusión

“Hard to imagine her legs once strong, the bones hard and parting water, clean sharp strokes, not bent and wrinkled like a baby…”

p.59

Artificial de Exclusión

“…When my mother’s in a good mood (…) I’m going to ask to by the nylons too.”

p.82

Cultural “Look at that house, I said, it looks like Mexico […] Beforethey can let out a laugh…”

p.18

¹²Idem¹

Influencia de la Marginación en el

Proceso de Socialización

“Someday I will have a best friend all my own. One I can tell my secrets to.

One who will understand my jokes without my having to explain them.

Until then I am a red balloon, a balloon tied to an anchor.” (p.9)¹³

¹³Idem¹

Estrategias Para Superarse

• “…She doesn’t want to spend her wholelife in a factory…” (p.32)¹´

Estudiar

• “One day I will say goodbye to Mango.” (p.110)¹µ

Luchar

• “I needed money.” (p.53)¹¶Administrar

el dinero

• “They will not know I have gone awayto come back. For the ones I leftbehind…” (p.110)¹·

Identidad

¹´Idem¹¹µIdem¹¹¶Idem¹¹·Idem¹

¿Cómo Facilita la Sociedad el

Proceso de Socialización?

Tratando de asimilar las culturas.

Imponiendo la meritocracia por capacitación.

La búsqueda de la equidad de género.

Estados representativos e incluyentes.

La libertad de expresión.

¿Porqué “The House on Mango

Street”? Una belleza de la literatura contemporánea.

Irónica.

Simbolista.

Universal.

Realista.

Sencilla.

Julián Chamalé

Index

Kind of Fertilization Embryonic Stage Length of Time of the Embryonic Stage Human Development Second Stage: Fetus’s Growth Fertility Rates Guatemala Contraceptives Abortion Why Carry Out an Abortion? Abortion Rates in the World Most Frequent Types of Abortion Abortion in Latin America Legal Abortion Rates in the World Guatemala’s Abortion Rate Ethics of Abortion My Opinion

Kinds of Fertilization

Natural

Man-Woman

Sperm travel to egg

Take an egg and a sperm

Fertilizing the egg in a

tube

Embryonic StageZygote

• Sperm penetrate egg.

• DNA unique structure, 46 chromosomes. Twins.

Morula

• Cleveage.

• 4th or 5th day.

• 10 - 30 cells.

Blastocyst

• Fluid cavity.

• It hatches out of its shell

• Blastocyst implantation into the lining of the uterus can then begin.

Gastrulation

• Primary germ layers.

• Origin of organs

Length of Time of the Embryonic

Stage

Source: www.religioustolerance.org

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Day

s

Zygote

Morula

Blastocyst

Gastrula

Embryo

Embryonic Stage

Human Development

Second Stage: Fetus’ Growth

Fetus’ Growth from 12th Week to 40th Week

12

Total Length of Time of the

Pregnancy by Stages

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Pregnancy

Mo

nth

s

Embryo

Fetus

Source: www.religioustolerance.org

Fertility Rates

3.59

2.61

0

1

2

3

4

Country Vs. World

Guatemala World

Source: “The World Factbook”. <www.cia.gov>

Indigenous

Guatemala

Source: www.guttmacher.org

Difference between the number of women’s wanted childrenand the number of children that women’s really have. The ratein indigenous areas is higher than national rate .

Ch

ildre

np

er W

om

an

Wanted Fecundity Rate

Real Fecundity Rate

National Rural Areas

Contraceptives

Barrier Methods.

Hormonal and Chemical Methods.

Combined Methods.

Intrauterine Device (IUD).

Simple Methods.

Compound Methods.

Permanent Or Irreversible Methods.

Abortion

An abortion is the premature termination ofpregnancy resulting in the death of thecarried embryo or fetus.

Why Carry Out an Abortion?

Abortion Rates in the World

Source: www.nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca

Africa31%

Rest of Asia21%

Latin American and the Caribbean

36%

East Europe11%

Rest of Europe1%

Most Frequent Types of Abortions

Vacuum Aspiration (MVA and D&C):

• Emptying the uterus with suction.

Medical Abortion:

• Take medicaments to expel the pregnancy.

Surgical Abortion (D&E and D&X):

• The fetus is removed from the uterus with surgical instruments.

Abortion in Latin America

Legal Abortion Rates in the World

0 15 30 45 60

Source: www.johnstonarchive.com

World’s Abortion Rate

Source: IPF (Institutes for Familiar Policies)

Ethics of Abortion

PRO-LIFE and PRO-CHOICE.

PRO-LIFE solution is to have the child and basically live with it.

PRO-CHOICE solution is abortion if they feel the reasons are appropriate.

My Opinion

I agree with PRO-CHOICE.

Some cases like rape, abuse, kidnapping or unwanted pregnancy.

Women have the right to decide over their own body.

Types of DiagramsDiagram Interpretation & Drawing Advantages

Bar Diagram •Qualitative categories. •Highest and Smallest

•It is visually easy to understand.

Segmented Bars •One total, various categories.•How a date is compound for.

•Stages or divisions.

Grouped Bars •Two qualitative data, different situations.

•Compare two different situations in different years/time.

Pie-Charts •Compare how a total is compound for.•Part/Total*360 degrees.

•Showing the component parts of a quantity.

Ogive •Quantitative data.•Where data is growing.

•Growing.•Concentration.

Histogram and Frequency Polygon

•Bars always touch.•Quantitative data.

•Concentration of data.•Shape of data set.