Marco Vieri
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Transcript of Marco Vieri
Technological & Economic Challenges
Small Smart Farm: support systems for small
holdings and family farms in food production and land care
ERIAFF Conference
SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
Multi-actor co-operation to foster new competitiveness for Europe
Seinäjoki, Finland, June 10-12
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE – Firenze (Italy) 1765 Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo di Lorena
Shooting lodge inside Cascine Park
Architects Gaspare Maria Paoletti, and Giuseppe Manetti (1785)
Marco Vieri
PhD, Full professor on Agricultural and Forestry Biosystem Engineering, Agronomist President of the Degree Course on Viticuture and Oenology
GESAAF – dept. Agricultural, Food Production and Forest Management
University of Florence Piazzale delle Cascine 15
50144 Firenze (Italy) tel +39 055 328 8320
fax +39 055 331794 mobile +39 3204324455
email: [email protected] web: www.gesaaf.unifi.it
skype: marco.vieri1956
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
focus points
VINEYARDS
Points of Interest in Rural Tuscany
OLIVE OIL FARMS
Mountain resources, crops and livestock
Rurality, culture, art ….. cereals, vegetables, tree nurseries….
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
From 1925 - Istituto di Meccanica Agraria
tool development, farming engines and machinery
Agriculture and Rural Engineering
farm yard organization, safety, ergonomy Calendar of work. Logistics
2000 - Precision farming
VRT ITC
Telemetria webGIS
Fleet control Robot
OU Biosystem Engineering UNIFI
Researches carried out on Mediterranean hill tree crops over
a decade
MARTE Plus (Sea, Rurality e Land: enhance
inclusive strategic potentiality) sub project C
“Dissemination of good practices aimed at adjusting
production systems and optimizing supply chains in
relation to climate change in agriculture”
www.martepiumeccanizzazione.it.
MARS+ mechanization - more than 20 technical meetings in 10 districts on the Nord west coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea
11
Scenery of current conservative oliviculture:
Improved safety and quality during farm activities
Social sustainability: workers safety
...risks for workers…!!
No more step
ladders..!!!
Environmental sustainability: management of residues from crop growing
Trinciatura
Practice of burning: expensive, no carbonsink, dangerous
Environmental sustainability: Crops residues energy use
Advantages of rotobaler: Less qualitative decay Easy to manage
To promote the rediscovery of resources, recycling and durable use of natural resources based on traditional smallholder farming practices:
BAT best applicable practices in spraying chemicals
Baldi F., Cioni A., Vieri M.(1992).
Periodical control test for sprayers.
AgEng'92 Uppsala -Sweden June 1-4,1992- AgEng International Conference.Paper N°
9205 112.
Annual use of pesticide in Italy
142 kt – 1,5 G€ WASTE 30-70%
Dosasystem Project- 1997
2° Internazional Congress on
PRECISION FARMING
Warwick – UK
Variable Concentration
and PPP type
Innovative proximal perception systems
Innovative Ultrasonic Sensors
New generation LIDAR
Process data over DTM on biosphere parameters
• SITE-SPECIFIC soil properties, superficial water behaviour, microclimate, nutrients content and activity, crop status, diseases
• 3D prescription maps for machinery
Farm centre
Stage 1 (for n°Times) Pesticide mixture preparation
Stage 2 transport
Stage 3 distribution
Stage 4 Tank refill
Areas to be treated
Spillage risk
Risk of error in mixture preparation
Contamination risk for workers
Risk of incorrect
distribution
TELEMETRY , FLEET CONTROL , DDS in management
Winery Mazzei Fonterutoli Siena
Traceability and management (colors indicate degree of chemical risk after treatment)
Farm machinery dashboard with on time emission and consumption indexes
compared with conventional practices A communicative tachimeter to highlight sustainability indicators: ROS, WFP, CFP, LCA, … Esternality
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
focus points
Helpful to achieve the objective
Harmful to achieve the objective
Inte
rnal
Ori
gin
…..
Strengths Weaknesses → resilience → land care → typical product → renewed interest of young
generation → ……
→ very small scale 1 MHa 1Mfarms olive oil farms 1 700 kHa on 700 kfarms winery
→ poor knowhow: WASTE of …!!! → conservatively closed → old age (average 69 years old) → poor financial power → ……
Exte
rnal
Ori
gin
…..
Opportunities Threats → natural smart know-how of the
new generation → citizen need of «urban farms» → to ways inclusion process → territorial integration SHFF, pilot
farms, SME, RES, schools → EU pushing !!!! → ….
→ orographic and structural difficulties
→ lack on a specific small scale farm mechanization
→ innovation divide → research sectors division &
simplification of the lateral sectors
→ ……
Roles and problems of Small holder Family Farms
27
Scenery of conservative current viticulture:
Environmental sustainability protecting the land. Farm as GUARDIAN of homeland safety
urban farms, inclusive structures and activities to experience rural and natural environments,
products, …..
<- 4000 a.C.
1900 -> 1950 ->
America
Asia
Europe
2000 - 2010
Kate Raworth, et al., A Safe and Just
Space for Humanity Oxfam Discussion
Paper, February 2012
Analysis of those submissions reveals 11 social priorities,
which can be
grouped into three clusters, focused on enabling people to
be:
Well: through food security, adequate income,
improved water and sanitation, and
health care;
Productive: through education, decent work, modern
energy services, and resilience
to shocks;
Empowered: through gender equality, social equity, and having political voice.
Researchers found farmers using up to three times the
required amount of nitrogen fertilizer, bringing no
increase in their harvests, but resulting in 20 to 50 % of
the nitrogen applied leaking into the air and polluting the groundwater.
Ju et al (2009) ‘Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural
systems’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol 106 No. 9.
http://www.pnas.org/content/106/9/3041.full.pdf+html
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
focus points
From GREEN REVOLUTION to SMART AGRICULTURE
food security after World War 2 … the important of group activities in rural
communities: 1-haymaking, 2-reaping, 3-grape harvest, 4-olive picking
Better yield and quality … but - Pressure on resources & - Disruptive social cost
M. Vanacht The Businness of Precision Agriculture. USDA 2001
The “Horsepower” model
Mechanization
Irrigation
Chemicals
Improved seeds
35
the organization of a sustainable process requires rationalization and assessment of each operating
phase according to the global process
Pest control management
Epigean sphere
management
Hypogean sphere
management
Product management
36
The “Brainpower” model
Integrated management of
pests,
water and
fertility
Robotization of Field tasks
Spatial & Data based Decision Making
Improved genetics
M. Vanacht The Businness of Precsion Agriculture. USDA 2001
Last but not least We can not address the issue of the VRT, without considering the production process as an integrated engineering of sector, in a broader context of productive enterprise architecture, enterprise networks, services.
products
constraints
resources
Instrumental
Territorial
Human Environmental
Structural
Foods
Energy
presidio Hedonic products
Service
Restrictions DIRECT and INDIRECT
Process
efficiency
Ethics..
Traceability certified
Sustainability
Safety
precision farming
viticulture raisonné
viticulture durable e sustainable agriculture
…(Georgofili 2003 pg 258)… The development of operational tools is now addressed to the information-technology and capitalization of that knowledge and skills that with simpler tools were part of rural autharchic – so sustainable - culture. … the knowledge of the different characteristics in the different plots of climatic and agronomic factors implemented with careful daily observation skills and a historicity of events transmitted orally generation by generation , was a business model that today we want to recover, through modern technologies … paesant not in few acre but in hundreds hectare
The farm production system needs to rediscover, design and manage a technical-technological system truly compatible with all production, environmental and territorial factors.
Precision Farming a huge universe of technologies and techniques for:
FOOD SECURITY (where, how much, how to manage it, how to increase it, how to make it profitable [i.e. auto-steer= + 10%];
WATER AVAILABILITY “rates of water extraction for irrigation are exceeding rates of many places”;
SOIL QUALITY “soil quality is a critical factor globally” [i.e. erosion, salinization];
LAND AVAILABILITY “the global crop land availabiility is in decline”;
PESTICIDE/ HERBICIDE WASTE AND RESISTANCE “growing number of cases of herbicide resistance” but more increasing technologies to detect disease [i.e. the scab disease];
ENERGY COST AND AVAILABILITY “energy demand …. could be double between now and 2050”
PA increases yield by 16% reduces fertilizer input -5%, herbicide – 65%, fuel – 27% Jensen et al 2012;
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: “many of the current approaches will continue to degrade the environment and compromise the world’capacity to produce food in the future”
TRASFORMING DATA INTO INFORMATION
ancillary services for the Small Holder Farms Family Farm «Altura» Giglio Isle 28_07_12
UO Biosystem Engineering UNIFI
WEB – GIS is the intelligent system – the core of the new approach it permits simultaneous evaluation of "historical" and technical datato
examine all information from anywhere
Management,
Monitoring,
Traceability
COMPANY
KNOW HOW
WEB-GIS
VRA
TELE METRY
«Competitiveness & Sustainability»
We must use the immensely valuable communication and networks THAT THE NEW GENERATION CAN ALREADY MANAGE. We must cultivate our young people ... they will teach us how to…
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
focus points
regional platforms opportunity
Satellite
images
Aerial images
Historical data
Local / Field data
CROPSTAR Core Platform
Production
Forecast
Crop
Classification
MONITORED
FIELD
Production
Optimization
Crops
diagnosis
Agronomic models
Procedure
optimization
Crops monitoring
GIS
Services
Water
monitoring
Precision Farming comprises a huge universe of techniques, technologies and related competencies .
In general, but more in the Small Family Farms System, is it not profitable the to use one single application. Thaese are interdependent as the biological and managerial system before described.
…. a leading a multi actor consortium AgriSmaRT includes organization of many types (Research Centers, SMEs, Farmers and others) gathering multiple competences, spanning farmers, farm machinery and mechanization, earth observation using space, airborne and UAV assets, Geographical Information Systems, model design and validation and many others. The non-profit Association ToscanaSpazio with regional SMEs is facilitating this process,
as the application of space technologies to agriculture has been recently identified among one of the smart specialization clusters of the Tuscany Region.
University and Research Centres support research, instruction and training, participating in the feedback process.
Pilot Farms give evaluation of innovation in testbeds
outline
location
mission
small holder family farms
from green revolution to smart farming
regional platforms opportunity
focus points
Closing the innovation divide via Smart Small Family Farms
Dissemination participative events (such as Mars+) • Takes time: pneumatic wheel case; more than 10 years to profitably
diffuse their use in agriculture • Takes tuning time between providers and farmers
Evaluation test beds in the virtuous pilot farms system
Regional technological platforms between Small Family Farms, Pilot Farms, SMEs, Services, RES, …..
Role of Smart technologies on Instruction and lifelong learning.
The WEB and the Young together in the field .
……….. and much more….
!!! → Horizon 2020 Call SFS-18-2015 – small farm but global markets: the role of small and family farms in food and nutrition security.
the crew
UO Biosystem engineering UNIFI