March 7, 2015 How to use Nature’s Notebook Workshop LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator Erin...

March 7, 2015

How to use Nature’s Notebook Workshop

LoriAnne Barnett

Education Coordinator

Erin Posthumus

Liaison to USFWS, Outreach Associate

Name, affiliation, and

What seasonal indicator stands out to you the most?

Opening Activity

Objectives of today’s workshop:

Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world

Understand the importance of record-keeping.

Understand long-term phenology monitoring.

Apply phenology!

Challenge!

Just to be clear…

phRenology – a pseudoscience

focused on measurements of the human skull and size

of the brain

phOnology – a branch of linguistics

concerned with the organization of sounds in

language

What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?!What do I WANT TO KNOW?

10 minutes

Activity 2

PHENOLOGY

What is phenology?

The science of the seasons• Blooms and buds• Hibernation, migration,

emergence• Easy to observe

Photo credit: L. Barnett

…it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life-cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions.

Photo credit: P. Warren

Who observes phenology?• Scientists

• Gardeners/Agriculturists• Land managers

• Educators• Youth

Photo credit: C. Enquist


Photo credit: S. Schaffer

Reproduction Development MethodActivity

ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect

Flowers FruitsLeaves

PLANT

Observable life cycle events orPHENOPHASES

Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

Pho

to C

redi

t: U

.S. F

ish

and

Wil

dlif

e S

ervi

ce S

outh

east

Reg

ion,

vi

a W

ikim

edia

Com

mon

s

Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons



Observing is experiencingUsing nature as a guide

Ecosystems, climate & phenology

USA National Phenology Network

Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: B. Powell



Observing is experiencing

Using nature as a guideEcosystems, climate & phenology




Using nature as a guide

Tradition and Lore

http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/

“Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each

recurring full moon.”

November -Beaver Moon

February – Full Worm Moon

May – Full Flower Moon

Phot

o cr

edit:

B. P

owel

l

Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted Photo credit: L. Barnett

September – Harvest Moon

Jeff

erso

n

Powell

Tho

reau

http://vimeo.com/17612530

Garden re-created

Photo credit: Monticello

Cloned lilac program

HISTORIC LILAC NETWORK

ESTABLISHED IN THE 1950S

SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL

RANGE,GREEN VALLEY, AZ



David Bertelsen,

Naturalist

What’s Phenology

Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns, TucsonFinger Rock Trail,

Santa Catalina MtnsTucson, AZ

The Finger Rock Dataset

• Collected by a single individual• 1984-present• 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain• Approximately weekly• 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)• 155K+ records of plant flowering. • 73,000 vertebrate records

Photo credit: B. Wilder

Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel

Observing the same individual through the seasons

RECORD KEEPING




Ecosystems, climate, & phenology




Ecology

Distrib

ution Abiotic

Biotic

Climate

Abundance

WeatherDay-to-day changes in the

Earth’s atmosphere.

Climate is what you expect…

…weather is what you get.-Mark Twain

ClimateLong-term average

of dailyweather in a given

area.

It is about… …time

http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/

Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years

BIOMES –World’s Major Communities Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment

Aquatic

Grassland

Desert

Forest

Tundra

Optimum conditions=NICHE

Mile 1

Mile 5

Mile 4

Mile 3

Mile 2

Desert scrub

Scrub grassland

Oak woodland

Oak-pinewoodland

Pineforest

800 mm

300 mm

10 ºC

20 ºC

Annu

al A

vera

ge P

reci

pita

tion

Annu

al A

vera

ge T

empe

ratu

re

Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient

Why is climate important to ecology?

Ecology

Climate drives what occurs where, what lives where, and how those species respond to their enviroment.

PLANT LIFE CYCLE

GREEN GROWTHRequires Optimum Conditions

PLANT LIFE CYCLE

FLOWER

Requires Optimum Conditions

PLANT LIFE CYCLE

SET SEED Requires Optimum Conditions

American kestrelFalco sparverius

Reproduction

©Wikimedia Commons

©Wikimedia Commons

Reproduction

Active

CompletePupa

INSECT

www.askabiologist.asu.edu

LARVA

PUPA

ADULT

Understanding outdoor recreation schedules

Photo credit: E. Stemmy

• Feeding times• Following

brackish waters• Water

temperature• Spawning times

related to temp - 55° - 68° F in Chesapeake Bay. April peak?

Chesapeake Bay Spring Season for Striped Bass = May 16 – June 16

Why are the timing of life-cycleevents important?

• SEASONAL CHANGE

• Species interrelations

Shifting weather and climate affect all of these

10 minutes

INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION30 minutes

Activity 3

PHENOLOGY

CLIMATE CHANGE

Phenology and Climate ChangeResearch, spring timing and range

A three-way mismatch

English Oak

Winter Moth

Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature

EARLIER

SAME TIME EACH YEAR

EARLIER

www.globalchange.gov

What to expect :

Drought

Increased heat

Decreased water flow

Rising sea levels

Extreme Events

http://nca2014.globalchange.gov

Possible solutions

Understand Species Response

Mitigation

Adaptation

Climate Change and

Watersheds:

Decreased stream flow

Change in species

Increased nutrient load

http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm

Possible actions

Monitor health of watershed

Mitigation to limit impacts of pollutants

Alternative water supply

Why is a changing climate problematic?

Ecology

CHANGES in:

• Arrival, birth, feeding

• Shifting range boundaries Changing morphology

• Extirpation or Extinction

• Economic impacts

http://www.ipcc.ch/




Ecosystems, climate, & phenology




UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND

LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE

CHANGE.

Primary goal• Create a standardized, long-

term dataset for use in multiple types of research.

Mission• Make phenology data, models

and related information available.

• Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology.

Photo credit: C. Enquist

Pho

to c

redi

t: L.

Rom

ano

• ~4,500 active observers• ~7,000 active sites•1000+ species, many from 2009•4.6M+ records • Lilac data from 1956

Reproduction Development MethodActivity

ANIMAL

Active individuals

Feeding

Male combat Mating

Young individuals

Dead individuals

Individuals at a feeding station

Flowers FruitsLeaves

Young leaves Leaves Colored

leaves

Flowers or flower buds

Open flowers

Ripe fruits Recent

seed or fruit drop

PLANT PHENOPHASES

…How Many?

YES

NO

?

Leaves

Flowers

Fruits

red maple

Pho

to: E

llen

G D

enny

Do you see…open flowers?

Open flowers : One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts (petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers. For Cornus florida, ignore the four large, white bracts and watch for the opening of the small flowers in the center of the bracts.

Pho

to: D

erek

Ram

sey

via

Wik

imed

ia

Com

mon

s

Do you see…..Flowers or Flower Buds?Less than 3

3 to 10

11 to 100

101 to 1000

1001 to 10,000

More than 10,000

Select the most appropriate binWrite the bin on the line

What percentage of all fresh flowers are open?Less than 5%

5% - 24%

25% - 49%

50% - 74%

75% - 94%

95% or more

Select the most appropriate binWrite the bin on the line

Common loon

Activity

Reproduction

Method

Pho

to: P

199,

Wik

imed

ia C

omm

ons

Breaking leaf buds

Leaves

Increasing leaf size Colored leaves

Flowers or Flower Buds

Open Flowers

Fruits

Ripe Fruits

Recent fruit or seed drop

DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES

Activity 2:Understanding

Phenophase Definitions

What are some OBSERVABLE life cycle

events for

The red maple?

Common loon?

Monarch

Mayfly

After reviewing the definitions, discuss:

1. Something that you have seen before, or

is familiar

2. Something that is confusing

3. Something you’d like to understand better

Data IN

Photo credit: S. Schaffer

The Observation Deck

The Observation Deck

Enter Observations Online

You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

Data OUT

www.usanpn.org/results/data

DATA DOWNLOAD

RESULTS

"Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons.

"Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons

"Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons

2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J

7 day average

61 years

2-3 week average

1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W.

Sandhill crane and geese

http://vimeo.com/17612530

Nature's Notebook data on flowering of 6 species of deciduous trees and eBird (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2012, ebird.org) data on a long-distance migratory bird, the Tennessee warbler

Interannual patterns of phenological synchrony and overlap

New models incorporating Nature’s Notebook data predict when leaves will change color in the fall

Phenology helps to predict the expansion of extremely allergenic ragweed

Deciduous trees may leaf out weeks earlier under future warming

www.usanpn.org/nn/vignettes

Questions?

Need more help?We will be here tomorrow!

March 7, 2015 How to use Nature’s Notebook Workshop LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator Erin...

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