March 2009LOFAR MKSP Update: SKA and PrepSKA Paul Alexander.

March 2009 LOFAR MKSP

Update: SKA and PrepSKAUpdate: SKA and PrepSKA

Paul AlexanderPaul Alexander


OverviewOverview

– Internationally coordinated project has really

started – PrepSKA

– SKA Programme Development Office (SPDO)

coordinating development work

– Three concept specifications defined (Memo 100)

– Reference science plan currently being

constructed against which concept specifications

will be tested

– Costed system design by 2012 Q2 (2013 Q2)


15/11/07 (v2.3) First Stage Full SKA

Parameter Phase 1 Mid-band – inc.dense AA

Phase 2 scenarios Low & mid-bands – all inc. AAs to 500MHz

Phase 3 High band

WBF only WBF+PAF* WBF only WBF+PAF* WBF+dense AA

Frequency Low Low (GHz) Range: High

500 MHz 10 GHz

500 MHz 10 GHz

70 MHz 10 GHz

70 MHz 10 GHz

70 MHz 10 GHz

10 GHz 35 GHz

Survey speed (m4K-2deg2)

70 - 200 MHz

200 - 500 MHz 0.7 GHz

1.4 GHz 3 GHz

10 GHz

25 GHz 35 GHz

1 x 107 1 x 107

2 x 106 5 x 105 2 x 104

1 x 107 3 x 107

3 x 107 1 x 105 5 x 103

3 x 109

2 x 1010

3 x 108

6 x 107

1 x 107

5 x 105

3 x 109

2 x 1010

1 x 109

1 x 109

5 x 106

2 x 105

3 x 109

2 x 1010

2 x 1010

4 x 107

1 x 107

4 x 105

4.6 x 104

2.4 x 104

Min. sensitivity at 45o Aeff/Tsys (m

2K-1)

70 - 200 MHz 200 - 500 MHz

700 MHz

1.4 GHz 3 GHz

10 GHz

25 GHz 35 GHz

200 2 000

2 000 2 000 1 300

200 1 100

1 100 1 100

700

4 000 10 000

12 000

12 000 12 000 8 000

4 000 10 000

7 000

7 000 7 000 5 000

4 000 10 000 10 000

10 000 10 000 7 000

5 000

5 000 5 000

Configuration:

core: < 1 km inner: < 5 km mid†: < 180 km

outer: <~3000 km

50 % 75 %

100 %

50 % 75 %

100 %

20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

20 % 50 % 75 % 100 %

WFoV for Surveys: Spectral imaging / time domain

max baseline km channels #

sample rate ms

5 16 384

0.1

5 16 384

0.1

10 32 768

0.1

10 32 768

0.1

10 32 768

0.1

20 32 768

0.1


SpecificationsSpecifications

Freq Range Collector Aeff/Tsys Survey Speed

m2 K-1 m4 K-2 deg2

70 – 450MHz Sparse AA 4-10,000 3x109

300 – 1000MHz Dense AA 10,000 2 x 1010

@ 800 MHz

0.8 – 10 GHZ 2400 12-15m Dish 10,000 4x107

Wide-band feeds @ 1.4 GHz


100 500 1000 3000

10

1

100

1000

Frequency (MHz)

Sky B

rig

htn

ess

Tem

pera

ture

(K

)

Aeff

Aeff/Tsys

10000

1000

5000

Fully sampled AA-hi

Sparse AA-lo

TskyBecoming sparse

above fAA

Aeff / T

sys (m

2 / K)

Tailoring the AA system

Dishes800MHz


Conceptual ConfigurationConceptual Configuration

Station

Core ~5km dia

Central ProcessingFacility

Comms links

Not to scale!

180km

Dishes spread along spiral

Dishes

AA-hi

AA-lo

~250 Aperture array stations~250 Aperture array stations

~2500 Dishes~2500 Dishes


Where are we in the Global Project?2020- Operations and science exploitation

2020 Completion of Phase-2

2016-2020 Construction of Phase-2 and Initial science

2012-2016 Production verification and Phase-1 construction

2011 Site selection

2008-2012 Technology development

2006 Short listing of sites

2005-2009 Technology research

2000 Start of global project

SKADS

PrepSKA


ESFRIESFRI

• Body set up by European Science Ministers

• To develop a strategic roadmap for major Research Infrastructures (RIs) in Europe

• Based on international peer-review

• RIs must be– Of Pan-European interest– At a mature level– Some projects of global

dimensionELTFAIRKM3NETSKA (Global)SPIRAL2


PrepSKAPrepSKAAwarded €5.5M from EC + larger national matching

funds

PrepSKA will address the following:

• Design of the SKA

• SKA location

• Legal framework and governance

structure for the SKA

• Cost-effective mechanisms for

SKA procurement

• SKA funding

• Socio-economic impact of the

SKA

WP # Title Budget (€k)

1 PREPSKA Mgmt 351

2 SKA Design 3305

3 SKA Site Studies 415

4 SKA Governance 408

5 SKA Procurement + industrial involvement

623

6 Developing SKA funding model

338

7 Production of implementation plan

60

Total 5500

Will deliver the design and plan for a coordinated funding proposal

submission to governments in early 2012.


SKA Global Collaboration

SKA Program Development Office

(SPDO)

Europe(AAVP, LOFAR)

Canada(ASKAP, PHAD)

PrepSKA(WP2)

USA(TDP, ATA)

South Africa

(MeerKAT)

Australia(ASKAP)


SKA Project organisation

SSECSKA Science & Eng. Committee

FAWGFunding Agencies Working Group

SSECSKA Science & Eng. Committee

FAWGFunding Agencies Working Group

SPDOSKA Project Development Office

SPDOSKA Project Development Office

Project Engineer

Executive Officer

Project Scientist

Director


06 | 08 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |

System DesignSystem DesignPhase 2 Phase 2

construction and construction and commissioningcommissioning

Sites short-listed

EC-FP7: PrepSKA

System design, Funding

Governance, Procurement,Site Selection

Preliminary SKA specs External

Engineering Review of design

Reference Design selected

Pathfinder Suite Construction

Early ScienceEarly Science SKA SKA mid+lowmid+low

Phase 2Phase 2CompleteComplete

SKA SKA PathfindersPathfindersCompleteComplete

Pathfinder science

Phase 1 complete

Concept Concept DesignDesign

SiteSelect

Phase 1 Phase 1 construction and construction and commissioningcommissioning

SKA timelineSKA timeline

AAVP

Anticipated

SKASKAFundingFundingDecisonDecison

Anticipated

SKASKAFundingFundingDecisonDecison

Target cost forPhases 1 & 2:€1.5B


Global Collector R&DGlobal Collector R&D

USA

Canada

S.Africa

Australia

NL

EMBRACE+2PAD


T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9

P1 SKA design SKA concept delineation

SKA specification

& simulations

SKA life cycle study

SKA operation

SKA support model

SKA cost optimisation

SKA manufacturing

studies

SKA-P1 technical doc

SKA system design

P2SKA-P1 Sub-system spec & evaluation

SKA-P1 sub-systems

specification

P3Initial Verification System

IVS specification

IVS construction

IVS Int. & TestAperture

array verif. programme

P4Dish design & optimization

Dish design 1

Basic metal

Dish design 2

Composite

Dish design 3

Carbon fibre

Dish design 4

Hi-perf. metal

P5 Feed prototypingWideband single-pixel

feeds

WFoV: Aperture array

tiles

WFoV: Phased array feeds

WFoV: Multiple-feed

clusters

P6Receiver prototyping

Low-noise amplifiers

Integrated receivers

New-gen. cryo solutions

P7Signal transport prototyping

Intra-antenna data links

Intra-station data links

Station-core data links

LO and timingMonitor &

control

P8Signal processing prototyping

Station DSP CorrelatorsInterference mitigation

Non-imaging processors

P9Computing specification & prototyping

Computing & software

specification

Computing hardware

Software engineering

Data products & VO plan

CalibrationScience post Processing

P10

WP2 design study management

PM

SPDO project management

SKA Technology Work Package Structure (ISPO)SKA Technology Work Package Structure (ISPO)


Aperture Array Verification Programme

AAVP 2009-2012AAVP 2009-2012

• Coordination of the European technical work, primarily for the

aperture arrays;

• Ensure that the verification programme for aperture arrays meets the requirements of the SKA Project;

• Provides a focus and information exchange for European SKA development work


AAVP Principle Deliverables

1. Approved and verified design for Phase 1 1. Approved and verified design for Phase 1 AA integrated into the SKA-P1 system. AA integrated into the SKA-P1 system.

2. Clear development path to SKA Phase 2 AA 2. Clear development path to SKA Phase 2 AA system.system.

A design provided with ‘Request for Quotation’ documents with substantial technical detail for industrial competitive selection and delivery of pre-production parts. These parts are expected to integrated within 2 years after funding availability (assumed coincident with PrepSKA end);

Design performance verification in the form of independently refereed documentation


AAVP Organisation Chart

ESKAC + EU-PrepSKA PI’s

(the ‘Board’)

SPDOSPDO

A3IVASTRONBuild and test astronomically capable AA.

Use EMBRACE & derivatives for ongoing test and development.

Domain Leaders

SSEC

Director & PE

DAAVSUKBuild, test & calibrate an all digital AA. On a representative site.

Use 2-PAD & derivatives for ongoing test and development.

AA-SEMPortugalProvide a site, infrastructure and power for a representative site, including solar power.

Assist with detailed testing of AAs installed.

AA-TechASTRONThe development programmes for the AA sub-systems.

The technology developed here are used in the demonstrators.

AA-SDSUKSystem design studies with close connection to the requirements to meet the science goals.

Inc. simulations, costing & processing requirements.

AA-LoINAF/IRADevelopment of the low frequency specific AA components. Most sub-systems will be re-used from AA-hi.

Use lessons learned from activities in LOFAR and other LF Arrays.

AAVP TeamAAVP TeamProgramme -

Coordinator Engineer System Engineer Scientist


Wideband RFBeamformer 1

1 2 n….Dual PolAntennas

Wideband RFBeamformer 2

1 2 n….Wideband RF

Beamformer m

1 2 n….

…..

Digitisation Digitisation Digitisation

Signal Processing

DefinedInterface

…..Beamformer

Control & Monitor

…..

Tile processing Board: m channels

12

p

..

Station processing & Control & Monitor

….. …..

Calib-ration

Control

SystemTimestandard

OutputData

ControlInformation

TimeStandard

RFIShield

b, Dual PolBeam(s)

PWR PWR PWR

One Generic Aperture Array…..


AA-Tech

Antenna elements and array design

LNA and Matching

RF Beamforming& analogue transport

Digital processingHardware

Beamforming Algorithms

Calibration Hardware &

implementation

Mechanical infrastructure

Development of the antenna element, mechanical integration, matching with LNA

and testing

LNA design, differential, packaging. Works closely with element and array design.

RF beamforming development, analogue input to the RFI shield bunker and input

signal cond.

Digital processor implementations and trade-offs.

Software algorithm, development and implementation

Hardware required, methodology and algorithms

Structural, materials, production engineering, RFI performance. MTBF and

MTTR analysis

UK & NL

NL

France

UK

NL

UK

Italy

Lead PrepSKA WP2. mapping:

5.2

6.1

3.4

8.1

8.1

8.1/3.4

3.4


The Technology ProgrammeThe Technology Programme

UK contribution to core SKA UK contribution to core SKA

technologytechnology

Contribute to development of Contribute to development of

AA technology for use in the SKAAA technology for use in the SKA(following on from SKADS)(following on from SKADS)

Theme A

Theme B


Workpackages & Tasks Task

A.1 .1 Cost and design tool

.2 AA cost modelling & design coord

.3 Real time control & monitoring

.4 System simulation

A.2 .1 Data Links

.2 Phase transfer

A.3 .1 Signal processing

A.4 .1 Fourier-plane processing

.2 Calibration & image-plane effects

.3 Algorithms for transient detection

.4 Data management, data flow

.5 Eff. imaging algorithms & parall’n

Task

B.1 .1 Mid-Frequency Array

.2 Low frequency Array

B.2 .1 LNAs and element matching

.2 InP LNA development

.3 Gain, filtering and equalization

.4 Analogue signal transport

.5 Digitization

B.3 .1 AA infrastructure

B.4 .1 Calibration for the AA

B.5 .1 UK Contribution to the AAVP


ConclusionConclusion• New 650-km optical fibre network

connects telescopes at 30 Gb/ s

• 2 GHz bandwidth high sensitivity: ~ 1 J y in 24h

• 217-km max. baseline40 mas resolution at 6 GHzsub-mas astrometry

• New correlator 32k spectral channels (full b/ w) 25 arcmin field at 1.5 GHz

• New 650-km optical fibre networkconnects telescopes at 30 Gb/ s

• 2 GHz bandwidth high sensitivity: ~ 1 J y in 24h

• 217-km max. baseline40 mas resolution at 6 GHzsub-mas astrometry

• New correlator 32k spectral channels (full b/ w) 25 arcmin field at 1.5 GHz

Three aspects of proposedUK strategy

• eMERLIN – world-leading science now

• LOFAR – exceptional low-frequency pathfinder science soon

• Final goal – transformational science with the SKA

March 2009LOFAR MKSP Update: SKA and PrepSKA Paul Alexander.

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