Marc format

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Machine Readable Cataloging

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Definitions

What is MARC?● MARC is the acronym for MAchine Readable

Cataloging

What is a machine-readable cataloging

record?● "Machine-readable" means that one particular type of

machine, a computer, can read, interpret and

manipulate the data in the cataloging record.

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Definitions

MARC is an industry-wide standard for the

“representation and communication of

bibliographic and related information in

machine readable form”

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Importance of MARC

Because it is the standard for coding

bibliographic data for machine processing

● Standard MARC records are Predictable

Reliable

Less expensive than other options

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Importance of MARC

Standard MARC records enable libraries● to employ automated systems to manage operations

more efficiently

● to share bibliographic resources, reduce duplication of

work, and thus lower costs

Standard MARC record ensure that● bibliographic (and related data) is compatible from one

automated system to another

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A Standard is a Standard…

MARC21 - United States and Canada

UKMARC - United Kingdom

interMARC - France

NORMARC - Norway

SAMARC - South Africa

OCLC MARC, RLIN MARC…

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Why one standard?

To foster communication of information and

data interchange.

The MARC standard also allows libraries to

replace one system with another with the

assurance that their data will still be

compatible.

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Development of MARC21 The original LC MARC format, developed by the Library of

Congress in 1960, evolved into USMARC

February 1997, The USMARC and CANMARC (developed by

the National Library of Canada in 1973) formats achieved

alignment

October 1998, The LC’s Network Development and MARC

Standards Office came up with the name MARC21 – meaning

MARC for the 21st century

July 2002, the “Agreement for the development and publication

of MARC21 format” was signed by representatives of the

National Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada and

the British Library

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MARC-ISO2709 File Structure ISO2709 is a standard format for

interchanging MARC data01329cam a2200313 a 4500001000800000005001700008008004100025035002100066906004500087955012500132010001700257020002500274020004400299040001800343042000900361050002400370082001800394100003200412245008700444250001200531260003700543300002900580500004200609520022000651650003300871650001200904740003600916991006300952387362719911106082810.9891101s1990 maua j 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 89048230 a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg apc14 to he00 11-01-89; he06 11-01-89; he00 11-03-89; fa00 11-06-89; fa05 11-22-89; he03 11-28-89; CIP ver. he06 08-08-90 a 89048230 a0316107514 :c$12.95 a0316107506 (pbk.) :c$5.95 ($6.95 Can.) aDLCcDLCdDLC alcac00aGV943.25b.B74 199000a796.334/22201 aBrenner, Richard J.,d1941-10aMake the team.pSoccer :ba heads up guide to super soccer! /cRichard J. Brenner. a1st ed. aBoston :bLittle, Brown,cc1990. a127 p. :bill. ;c19 cm. a"A Sports illustrated for kids book." aInstructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental attitude, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of soccer. 0aSoccerxJuvenile literature. 1aSoccer.0 aHeads up guide to super soccer. bc-GenCollhGV943.25i.B74 1990p0002016704AtCopy 1wBOOKS

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MARC Record Structure

Leader● Store important information about the MARC record

itself● Each record begins with a leader, which is a 24-

character fixed field containing information for the processing of the record

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MARC Record Structure Directory

● An index to the location of variable fields (control and data) within a record

● Start at position 24● Each corresponds to one MARC field● Each entry includes

Tag : 3 characters Field length : 4 characters (including FT) Starting positions : 5 characters

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MARC Record Structure Control fields

● Tags beginning with two zeroes● Store fixed-length data● Position of codes determines meaning● Do not have indicators● Converts into 008 field when exported● 001-008

001 Control number 003 Control number identifier 005 Date and time of latest transaction 008 Fixed-length data element

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MARC Record Structure Variable fields (Data fields)

● Begin with “tag”● Store variable-length data● 2 indicator positions● Subfields ($a, $b, $c, etc.)

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Understanding a MARC Record

Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91Control No. ID 003 DLC DTLT 005 19911106082810.9Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 engLCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91 ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 : $c $12.95ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) : $c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.)Title 245 10 $a Make the team. $p Soccer : $b a heads up guide to super soccer! / $c Richard J. Brenner.

TAG INDICATOR SUBFIELD

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MARC Tag Overview

0XX Control information, numbers, code 1XX Main entry 2XX Titles, edition, imprint, etc. 3XX Physical description, etc. 4XX Series statements 5XX Notes 6XX Subject headings 7XX Other added entries and linking entries 8XX Series added entries 9XX Locally defined

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MARC Tag Commonalities

X00 Personal name heading

X10 Corporate name heading

X11 Meeting (conference) name heading

X30 Uniform title heading

where X = 1, 6, 7, or 8

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Local Data Fields

049 Local holdings 09X Local call number fields 59X Local notes 69X Local subject headings 9XX Local information and processing fields Exception: 490 series statement

MARC tags containing “9” are local data fields

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Commonly used MARC Fields 020 ISBN

● $a ISBN● $c terms of availability

050 Library of Congress call number● $a classification number● $b item number

082 Dewey Decimal Classification call number

● $a classification number● $b item number● $2 edition number

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Commonly used MARC Fields

100 Personal name - main entry

● 1st indicator 0 = forename, 1 = surname

● $a personal name

● $d date associated with name (year of birth)

● $e relator term

● $q fuller form of name

● $u affiliation

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245 Title Information● 1st indicator 0 no title added entry, 1 title added entry

● 2nd indicator – number of non-filing characters

● $a title proper

● $b remainder of title, subtitle

● $c remainder of title page/statement of responsibility

● $f inclusive date

● $h medium

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250 Edition Statement● $a edition

● $b remainder of edition statement

260 Publication information● $a place of publication

● $b name of publisher

● $c date of publication

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300 Physical description● $a number of pages● $b usually illustration information● $c dimension● $e accompanying materials

440 Series statement/added entry● 2nd indicator = no. of non-filing characters● $a title● $n number of part/section of work● $p name of part/section of work● $v volume number

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Commonly used MARC Fields 500 General note 504 Bibliography note 505 Formatted contents note 520 Summary, abstract, etc. 650 Subject - Topical term

● $a Topical term● $v Form subdivision● $x General subdivision● $y Chronological subdivision● $z Geographic subdivision

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Commonly used MARC Fields 110 Corporate body - main entry 111 Meeting name - main entry 600 Subject - personal name 651 Subject - geographic name 700 Personal name - added entry 710 Corporate body - added entry 711 Meeting name - added entry

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MARC Record is a Machine Readable Cataloging record

Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500

Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91

Control No. ID 003 DLC

DTLT 005 19911106082810.9

Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng

LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91

ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 :

$c $12.95

ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) :

$c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.)

Cat. Source 040 ## $a DLC

$c DLC

$d DLC

LC Call No. 050 00 $a GV943.25 $b .B74 1990Dewey No. 082 00 $a 796.334/2 $2 20ME:Pers Name 100 1# $a Brenner, Richard J., $d 1941-Title 245 10 $a Make the team. $p Soccer : $b a heads up guide to super soccer! / $c Richard J. Brenner.Variant Title 246 30 $a Heads up guide to super soccerEdition 250 ## $a 1st ed.Publication 260 ## $a Boston : $b Little, Brown, $c c1990.Phys Desc 300 ## $a 127 p. : $b ill. ;

$c 19 cm.

Note: General 500 ## $a "A Sports illustrated for kids book."Note: Summary 520 ## $a Instructions for improving soccer

skills. Discusses dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning,

mental attitude, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of soccer.Subj: Topical 650 #0 $a Soccer $v Juvenile literature.Subj: Topical 650 #1 $a Soccer.

This MARC format can be interpreted to...

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…this simple Card Catalog output

GV943 Brenner, Richard J., 1941-. 25 Make the team. Soccer : a heads up guide to super. B74 soccer! / Richard J. Brenner. -- 1st ed. -- Boston : 1990 Little, Brown, c1990.

127 p. : ill. ; 19 cm.

"A Sports illustrated for kids book."Summary: Instructions for improving soccer skills.Discusses

dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mentalattitude, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, andother players, and the history of soccer.

ISBN 0316107514 : $12.95

1. Soccer -- Juvenile literature. 2. Soccer. II. Title: Headsup

guide to super soccer. II. Title.

Dewey Class no.: 796.334/2 -- dc 20 89-48230/AC/r91MARC

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Common Cataloging Errors Incorrect indicator values

● Use of the wrong indicator values can cause a system to mis-index a term, particularly in the title and subject areas.

Typographical errors● Misspelled word, especially at the beginning of an

indexed tag results if failed searches. Not doing proper punctuation

● These are signposts for your system. They are useful for future database manipulation and conversion

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Common Cataloging Errors Not knowing how a particular automation system

handles data● While automation systems may all use the MARC record, they each

handle it differently. You need to know what tags are indexed and what searches retrieve that information. This leads us to our next common error:

Adjusting cataloging so that it “works” in your automation system● The temptation to modify cataloging information so that it is accessed

“logically” by the system is a dangerous path. While it may “work”

today, but if the software is modified or if you migrate to another

system, your records may not work properly or may be inaccessible,

forcing you to redo the records.

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Common Cataloging Errors Failure to accurately code the fixed field area

(008)● Not coding information properly here results in failed detailed

searches, particularly when searching by year of publication, genre, or target audience.

Use of non-standard subject headings● Resist the urge to create local subject headings, particularly

if they deviate from the controlled vocabulary you use (Sears, LCSH, etc.) This causes problems with records imported from vendors, from users who access your catalog via the Internet, or from patrons confused by local use that deviates from what they encounter at other libraries. It’s also more work for you.

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Common Cataloging Errors Not practicing good authority control

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END

Marc format

Education

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