Marbury v. Madison The Midnight Judges..or Not

Bellwork

■ Look at the Election of 1800 infographic on p. 269 and answer the two questions.

■ Agenda: – Notes - Marbury vs Madison/Louisiana Purchase

Learning Targets - Students will: ■ Examine the origins and intentions of early American political parties. ■ Explain the development of power of the Supreme Court and judicial

review. ■ Explain the changes in America’s relationships with other nations by

analyzing origins, intents, and purposes of treaties.

Election of 1800

The Federalists supported Adams again and Pinckney as VP

Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr as VP

The election came out a tie

Not between Adams and Jefferson, but between Jefferson and Burr (73 votes each)

Election of 1800

• Constitution says: – House of Reps to break tie:

• choose between Burr/Jefferson

• Federalists Divided: – Hamilton didn’t like Jefferson BUT would

do more good than Burr.

– Voted 35 times w/ out winner

– 36th time voted • 3rd President of U.S.: Thomas Jefferson

• 3rd V.P. of U.S.: Aaron Burr

Ideas on Government

■ Jefferson believed a large federal government threatened liberty

■ He believed states could better protect freedom

■ Jefferson wanted to reduce the power and size of the government

■ These ideas were similar to the French philosophy known as laissez-faire

■ “Let people do as they choose”

The Situation

■ Prior to leaving office, John Adams made hundreds of last-minute appointments

■ Called “midnight judges”

■ Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver them

Marbury vs. Madison

■ William Marbury, did not get his last-minute appointment

■ Asked the Supreme Court to force delivery of his appointment

■ The Court determined that it would be unconstitutional to do so

Judicial Review

■ Three principles:

1. Constitution is the supreme law of the land

2. Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict with any other law

3. The judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional

President Thomas Jefferson The Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Expedition

Jefferson Becomes President

■ Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, takes the oath of office on March 4, 1801.

Jefferson’s First Problem

■ Spain closed the port of New Orleans to western farmers, hoping to stop the United States from moving farther west past the Mississippi River.

The Louisiana Purchase

■ Thomas Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to ask the French leader, Napoleon to sell part of Louisiana, including New Orleans to the United States.

■ President Jefferson offered $2 million.

Dealing with Napoleon

■ Napoleon was fighting two wars. One in the Caribbean and one with England.

■ He needed money to pay the costs of these two wars.

■ He offered to sell the land to the United States for $15 million.

Let’s Make a Deal

■ The U.S. wanted to purchase approximately 800,000 square miles of land.

■ The purchase price was $15 million which was 4¢ per acre.

■ Today, the same land purchase would cost approximately $200 million.

Was it a Good Deal?

■ The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States.

■ The U.S. gained control of the port of New Orleans.

■ The Louisiana Purchase was one of the largest land sales in the history of the United States.

Corps of Discovery

■ Lewis and Clark called their group the Corps of Discovery.

■ The group left from St. Louis and traveled up the Missouri River in 1804.

■ The main goal of the journey was to map the land for President Jefferson.

■ They encountered many Native American tribes along the way.

Sacagawea – Bird Woman

■ Sacagawea agreed to travel with Lewis and Clark and serve as a translator.

Results of the Expedition

■ They returned to St. Louis in 1806.

■ The expedition lasted almost 3 years.

■ They brought back maps showing the major rivers and mountains, seeds, plants, and even living animals.