Maps & f MAPS & FACTS March 2016acts WEST AFRICA Club ...de ceux accordés à l’Éthiopie ou au...
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No. 72, September 2018 MAPS & FACTS This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected] www.oecd.org/swac/maps Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat Club SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Secretariat CHINESE LOANS TO WEST AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS W est African governments have received some USD 18.2 billion in Chinese loans since 2000. The amount of loans has progressively increased and reached, on average, about USD 2 billion per year over the past five years. Nigeria is the top recipient of Chinese loans in West Africa, followed by Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal. This is nearly ten times less than the Chinese loans to Angola and less than half of the loans to Ethiopia or Kenya. On the other hand, Burkina Faso, Gambia and Guinea-Bissau have not yet received any Chinese loans. With the new government in place, Gambia’s ties with China are expected to grow, especially with Banjul’s USD 177 million port expansion project. Similarly, Burkina Faso resumed diplomatic relations with China in May 2018 when it accepted the one-China policy. In that country, China has already announced the construction of a hospital worth USD 253 million and negotiations for a concession loan to build a new 300 km highway between Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso are underway (USD 1.3 billion). The majority of Chinese loans to West Africa continue to fund infrastructure deals, mostly transportation (roads, railways, ports) and electric power projects. As regards increasing concerns about countries getting caught in a debt trap, the overall situation in West Africa is less worrying than in other parts of the continent. The amounts of Chinese loans in most West African countries are relatively small and have not contributed significantly to debt problems. Chinese loans to Ghana represent only 12% of Ghana’s total external debt (USD 29 billion). However, IMF warns of rising African debt, in particular in countries that already have heavy debt loads (Cabo Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Mauritania and Togo). Moreover, countries with fluctuating commodity prices such as Chad and Nigeria are the most at risk. Chinese loans to West Africa USD million % of GDP* 2000-17 2017 Nigeria 4 831 1.2 Ghana 3 498 7.4 Côte d’Ivoire 2 693 6.7 Senegal 1 630 9.9 Benin 996 10.8 Mali 981 6.4 Niger 703 8.5 Togo 693 14.6 Guinea 645 6.6 Chad 641 6.5 Mauritania 431 8.4 Sierra Leone 209 5.7 Cabo Verde 149 8.6 Liberia 50 1.5 Burkina Faso - - Gambia - - Guinea-Bissau - - West Africa 18 150 3.2 Source: 2018. China Africa Research Initiative, funded by the Johns Hopkins University. USD million, 2000-17 Top 10 recipients in Africa USD million, 2000-17 42 850 13 740 9 800 7 420 6 490 6 380 5 570 4 830 3 780 3 500 Angola Ethiopia Kenya Congo Sudan Zambia Cameroon Nigeria South Africa Ghana *The percentage represents the amount of cumulated Chinese loans from 2000-17 compared to GDP (current prices) in 2017 (IMF data 2018). The figure doesn't take into account any potential reimbursements of loans and does therefore not represent the level of indebtedness. Mali Niger Nigeria Benin Togo Ghana Burkina Faso Senegal Gambia Cabo Verde Côte d’Ivoire Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone Guinea- Bissau Chad Mauritania 500 < 1 000 < 500 no Chinese loans > 1 000 in USD million
Transcript of Maps & f MAPS & FACTS March 2016acts WEST AFRICA Club ...de ceux accordés à l’Éthiopie ou au...
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
No. 72, September 2018
MAPS & FACTS
This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps. Please include the SWAC copyright, inform or contact us for specifi c requests: [email protected]
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
ClubSAHEL ANDWEST AFRICA
Secretariat
CHINESE LOANS TO WEST AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS
West African governments have received some USD 18.2 billion in
Chinese loans since 2000. The amount of loans has progressively increased and reached, on average, about USD 2 billion per year over the past five years. Nigeria is the top recipient of Chinese loans in West Africa, followed by Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal. This is nearly ten times less than the Chinese loans to Angola and less than half of the loans to Ethiopia or Kenya. On the other hand, Burkina Faso, Gambia and Guinea-Bissau have not yet received any Chinese loans. With the new government in place, Gambia’s ties with China are expected to grow, especially with Banjul’s USD 177 million port expansion project. Similarly, Burkina Faso resumed diplomatic relations with China in May 2018 when it accepted the one-China policy. In that country, China has already announced the construction of a hospital worth USD 253 million and negotiations
for a concession loan to build a new 300 km highway between Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso are underway (USD 1.3 billion). The majority of Chinese loans to West Africa continue to fund infrastructure deals, mostly transportation (roads, railways, ports) and electric power projects. As regards increasing concerns about countries getting caught in a debt trap, the overall situation in West Africa is less worrying than in other parts of the continent. The amounts of Chinese loans in most West African countries are relatively small and have not contributed significantly to debt problems. Chinese loans to Ghana represent only 12% of Ghana’s total external debt (USD 29 billion). However, IMF warns of rising African debt, in particular in countries that already have heavy debt loads (Cabo Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Mauritania and Togo). Moreover, countries with fluctuating commodity prices such as Chad and Nigeria are the most at risk.
Chinese loans to West Africa
USD million % of GDP* 2000-17 2017
Nigeria 4 831 1.2Ghana 3 498 7.4Côte d’Ivoire 2 693 6.7Senegal 1 630 9.9Benin 996 10.8Mali 981 6.4Niger 703 8.5Togo 693 14.6Guinea 645 6.6Chad 641 6.5Mauritania 431 8.4Sierra Leone 209 5.7Cabo Verde 149 8.6Liberia 50 1.5Burkina Faso - -Gambia - - Guinea-Bissau - -
West Africa 18 150 3.2
Source: 2018. China Africa Research Initiative, funded by the Johns Hopkins University.
USD million, 2000-17 Top 10 recipients in AfricaUSD million, 2000-17
42 850
13 7409 800
7 420 6 490 6 380 5 570 4 830 3 780 3 500
Ango
laEth
iopia
Keny
aCo
ngo
Suda
nZa
mbiaCa
meroo
nNige
riaSo
uth Af
rica
Ghan
a
*The percentage represents the amount of cumulated Chinese loans from 2000-17 compared to GDP (current prices) in 2017 (IMF data 2018). The fi gure doesn't take into account any potential reimbursements of loans and does therefore not represent the level of indebtedness.
MaliNiger
NigeriaBenin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
SenegalGambia
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinea
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Mauritania
500 < 1 000 < 500 no Chinese loans> 1 000
in USD million
n°32March 2016Maps & facts ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICA
No 45, November 2016
www.oecd.org/swac/maps ClubSAHEL AND
WEST AFRICASecretariat
These maps are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. We encourage the use of our maps! Please include the Club’s copyright, inform or contact us for specific requests: [email protected]
Eight million pEoplE in northErn nigEria facing acutE food insEcurity
T he October 2016 analysis of the Cadre harmonisé1 expands its
coverage to include for the first time 16 out of 36 states, almost half of Nigeria. In these states, some eight million people are currently facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5, October-December 2016). Due to the Boko Haram insurgency and massive population displacement, the three northeastern states, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe, have
1 West African tool to analyse and identify areas and amount of people at risk of food and nutrition insecurity.
reached extremely high levels of food insecurity (Maps & Facts no 44). While humanitarian access is improving, the situation remains particularly worrisome in the state of Borno, where nearly 60% of the population (3.3 million people) are still facing acute food insecurity (phases 3-5), including 55 000 people threatened by famine (phase 5). If no appro-priate measures are being taken, the current food and nutrition situation
is likely to get worse during the next lean season in June-August 2017. By then, the Cadre harmonisé projec-tions indicate that the number of severely food insecure people in the 16 analysed states could reach 8 to 10 million people. Analytical tools, data collection methods and training for local administrations need to be further developed in order to fine-tune and expand the analysis of the Cadre harmonisé to all parts of Nigeria.
Source: Cadre harmonisé, national analysis, October 2016. © Agrhymet/CILSS
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
KatsinaZamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
FCT
Adamawa
BornoYobe
GombeBauchi
Taraba
Jigawa
Kano
Kaduna
Katsina
Zamfara
Plateau
Niger
Kebbi
Sokoto
Oyo
Ogun
Lagos
OsunEkiti
Kwara
KogiBenue
Nassarawa
Cross River
Ebonyi
ImoAbia
OndoEdo
Delta
Bayelsa Rivers AkwaIbom
Anambra
Enugu
Lake Chad
Phases of food insecurity
June-August 2017October-December 2016
Phase 1: Minimal Phase 2: Stressed Phase 3: Crisis Phase 4: Emergency Phase 5: Famine Not analysed
Cette carte est sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. Nous encourageons l’utilisation de nos cartes. Veuillez nous en informer et faire mention du copyright du CSAO. Pour des demandes spécifi ques, contacter : [email protected]
No 72, septembre 2018
MAPS & FACTS
www.oecd.org/fr/csao/cartes
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Club DU SAHEL ET DEL'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST
Secrétariat du
PRÊTS CHINOIS AUX GOUVERNEMENTS OUEST-AFRICAINS
Les États ouest-africains ont reçu 18.2 milliards de dollars US sous forme
de prêts chinois depuis 2000. Le montant de ces prêts a progressivement augmenté pour atteindre en moyenne environ 2 milliards de dollars US par an au cours des cinq dernières années. Le Nigéria est le premier bénéficiaire de ces prêts en Afrique de l’Ouest, suivi par le Ghana, la Côte d’Ivoire et le Sénégal. Cela représente une somme dix fois moins importante que les montants accordés à l’Angola et moins de la moitié de ceux accordés à l’Éthiopie ou au Kenya. Le Burkina Faso, la Gambie et la Guinée-Bissau n’ont encore reçu aucun de ces prêts. Avec le nouveau gouvernement en place, les liens entre la Gambie et la Chine devraient se renforcer, particulièrement avec le projet de modernisation du port de Banjul évalué à 177 millions de dollars US. De même, le Burkina Faso a repris ses relations diplomatiques avec la Chine en mai 2018 après avoir accepté la politique « d’une seule Chine ». Dans ce pays, la Chine a d’ores et déjà annoncé la construction d’un hôpital d’une valeur de 253 millions de dollars US et les
négociations d’un prêt concessionnel pour la construction d’une nouvelle autoroute de 300 km reliant Ouagadougou et Bobo Dioulasso sont en cours (1.3 milliard de dollars US). La majorité des prêts chinois à l’Afrique de l’Ouest financent des contrats d’infrastructures, principalement liées au transport (routes, chemins de fer, ports) et des projets d’électrification. En ce qui concerne le danger pour les pays de tomber dans le piège de l’endettement, la situation globale de l’Afrique de l’Ouest est un peu moins inquiétante que celles d’autres régions du continent. Les montants des prêts chinois y sont relativement faibles et ont jusque-là relativement peu contribué au problème global de la dette. Les prêts chinois au Ghana ne représentent que 12 % de la dette totale externe du Ghana (29 milliards de dollars US). Le FMI alerte cependant sur l’augmentation de la dette africaine, en particulier pour les pays déjà lourdement endettés (Cabo Verde, Gambie, Ghana, Mauritanie et Togo). De plus, les pays confrontés aux fluctuations des prix des matières premières tels que le Nigéria et le Tchad sont les plus exposés à ce risque.
Prêts chinois en Afrique de l’Ouest
Millions de dollars US % du PIB* 2000-17 2017
Nigéria 4 831 1.2Ghana 3 498 7.4Côte d’Ivoire 2 693 6.7Sénégal 1 630 9.9Bénin 996 10.8Mali 981 6.4Niger 703 8.5Togo 693 14.6Guinée 645 6.6Tchad 641 6.5Mauritanie 431 8.4Sierra Leone 209 5.7Cabo Verde 149 8.6Libéria 50 1.5Burkina Faso - -Gambie - - Guinée-Bissau - -
Afrique de l’Ouest 18 150 3.2
Source : 2018. China Africa Research Initiative, fi nancé par l’Université Johns Hopkins.
Millions de dollars US, 2000-17 Top 10 - bénéfi ciaires en Afrique Millions de dollars US, 2000-17
42 850
13 7409 800
7 420 6 490 6 380 5 570 4 830 3 780 3 500
Ango
laÉth
iopie
Keny
aCo
ngo
Soud
anZa
mbieCa
merou
nNigé
riaAf
rique
du Su
dGh
ana
* Le pourcentage représente le montant des prêts chinois cumulés de 2000-17 par rapport au PIB (prix courants) en 2017 (données FMI 2018).Ce chiffre ne prend pas en compte les éventuels remboursements de prêt et ne représente donc pas le niveau d’endettement.
MaliNiger
NigériaBénin
Togo
Ghana
Burkina Faso
SénégalGambie
Cabo Verde
Côte d’Ivoire
Guinée
Libéria
Sierra Leone
Guinée-Bissau
Tchad
Mauritanie
500 < 1 000 < 500 aucun prêt chinois> 1 000
en millions de dollars US
