Mapping the Next - Mapping for the Sustainable Development Agenda
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Transcript of Mapping the Next - Mapping for the Sustainable Development Agenda
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Dr. Mark Iliffe@markiliffe
Geospatial Lead, N-LAB
MAPPING THE NEXT:MAPPING FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 -
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1,000
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African population growth
Urban RuralPo
pula
tion
(mill
ions
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Rapid Urbanization and Unplanned Growth Brings ChallengesDar es Salaam Context
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Rapid Urbanization and Unplanned Growth Brings ChallengesDar es Salaam Context
Traffic Congestion
Solid Waste & Waste Water management
Safe Drinking water
Youth employment
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5.5 Million
People
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To end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for allSustainable Development Goals
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“We also call for a data revolution for sustainable development, with a new international initiative to improve the quality of statistics and information available to citizens. We should actively take advantage of new technology, crowd sourcing, and improved connectivity to empower people with information on the progress towards the targets. “
The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda, United Nations
Development Agenda 2015 - 2030
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“embrace open data and standards, innovative and creative approaches and platforms that are fit-for-purpose to collect and collate, share and distribute geospatial information”
“ ”
2016 UNGGIM Addis Ababa Declaration
Future Policy FrameworksData Requirements
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SDG Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableDar es Salaam: Rapid and Unplanned Growth
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Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability and RiskTypical Data Requirements
Hazard Analysis:• Elevation Model
• Land Use/ Land Cover
• Drainage network
• Rainfall Intensity Duration frequency
Exposure mapping:• Buildings, Roads
• Critical facilities
• Population distribution day/night
Vulnerability Assessment• Disabled
• Livelihoods
• Shelter access
• Early Warning
Hazards
Exposure
Vulnerability
Risk
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ChallengesData Requirements
Insufficient Data• Elevation Model 5% areas LIDAR 30cm
• Lack of Met data
• Rapid Hydrodynamic changes
Informal Data• 80% Unplanned Growth
• Inconsistent census and admin boundary data
Socio-Cultural Factors• Informal economy / livelihoods
• Rentals
Local Capacity• Data Management
• Data Analysis
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Research
Directions and Opportunities Geospatial Research
CROWDSOURCINGREMOTE SENSINGPOLICYDATA-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
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Crowdsourcing in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaCase Study
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2011 Pilot in Tandale showed that Student and Citizen can be a source of Useful DataHow we Started
Collect very Local Data – eg. drain type, business types, etc
Fast changing features – eg. rubbish sites, flooding areas
Citizen can voice Issues on the map – eg. children play areas
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Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
In September 2011 25 Town Planning Students worked with 25 community members to map Tandale Ward in 3 weeks
August 2011 September 2011
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Mapping Campaigns in Dar es SalaamRamani Huria
Started March 2015: 165 Students, 100+ Community Members, 100 Red Cross Volunteers
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Citizen Data in Dar es Salaam: Ramani HuriaRamani Huria
Goal: 1 million residents in flood prone vulnerable communities / Currently:• Target Areas: 2012 Population: 1,127,729• Target Areas: 2015 Population est: 1,296,888 (~15% Growth)
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Mapping Outputs in Dar es SalaamRamani Huria
160,000 Building Footprints, 500km+ of waterways, rivers and drainage, 1000s of toilets, water points
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Target Areas: 2012 Population: 1,127,729 | Target Areas: 2015 Population est: 1,296,888 (15% growth)
Mapping Outputs in Dar es SalaamRamani Huria
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Tandale and Ndugumbi Wards, Kinondoni MunicipalityRamani Huria
Before
(August 2015)
After
(October 2015)
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Using Participatory Mapping with Students, Citizens and Ward OfficesKey Advantages
Affordable Data Collection for local level – approx. $10,000 per ward
Hyper-local details – trees, businesses, water points, facilities, drains
Community Context – digitizing critical features for citizens
Culture of participating in mapping strengthens relationship of officials with community
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Case Study
Remote Sensing
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Low Cost Mapping DronesRemote Sensing
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Aerial Imagery, UAV Comparison
UAVs
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Using UAVs for Urban MappingKey Advantages
Simple & Affordable – approx. $1,000 for phantom, $25,000 for ebee – low running costs
High resolution – up to 3cm Basemap, 8cm Elevation model
Timeliness – can choose exact day of mapping to suit project needs for baseline
Cloud free – advantages over satellite and manned aircraft as drone fly under clouds
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Participatory Inundation Modelling: Mapping Risk Reduction PrioritiesCase Study
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
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Fusing Data StreamsRamani Huria
• 745,989 Building Footprints
• 88km of Imagery and Surface Models
• 2091km of Roads
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Low Cost Mapping DronesCitizen Data
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Fusing Hydrological Models with Participatory MappingMaps as a Platform
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Mapping Risk Reduction Priorities: Participatory Inundation ModellingMaps as a Platform
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Geospatial Policy DevelopmentPolicy and Process
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Assessing Public PolicyMaps as a Platform
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Assessing Public PolicyMaps as a Platform
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Zanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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• Creating a map of Zanzibar Islands at very high resolution, released as open data
• Introduction of a cost effective technology for land monitoring
• Building different projects around the data (Conservation, Land tenure, Urban Planning, etc…)
• Local Capacity Building• Increasing the efficiency in data colection from
the Commission of Lands• Creating opportunities for new local businesses
to develop around the technology
Zanzibar Mapping InitiativeBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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• 9 drones are deployed in 3 different teams of local operators
• 2 power full computer for processing data at a high speed
• 3 field computers for flight planning and control• NAS for storing over 10TB of Data• 2’400sq/km to map• 239 zones unguja and 182 in Pemba• 3 teams of 4-5 composed of local surveyors with
support of students of State University of Zanzibar• Mission kick-off August 15th 2016 for 2 months
Equipment, Team and MissionBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
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ScopeBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
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• Each grid covers an area of 3km x 3 km (9km²). • In optimal conditions (no wind), one zone can be covered in 6 flights (at a GSD= 7
cm).• In order to facilitate data management, each grid has been assigned a unique Zone
ID.• There are currently 239 zones in Unguja and 182 Zones in Pemba. In the future, it will
be possible to add more zones. Important is to keep the Zone_ID as a unique identifier.
• This has been done in order to manage size of data per square and being able to work with it.
ScopeBuilding a Geospatial Platform: Zanzibar Mapping Initiative
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ZanzibarBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Urban PlanningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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3D ModelsBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Building Volume CalculationBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Land TenureBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Towards Sustainable SkillsBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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ERS&ENV S1
• Before • AfterSupporting ResponseBukoba Earthquake
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ERS&ENV S1
Level of Change potential damage areas
0 very low
1 very high
Change detection analysis over BukobaBukoba Earthquake
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Working with a Global Mapping CommunityBukoba Earthquake
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•
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Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Discrepancy between distributions hypothesized to be due to large repairs on metal rooftops, which the algorithm detects as individual buildings.
Machine LearningBuilding a Geospatial Platform
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Participatory MappingKey Challenges
Coordination: Mix of Universities, COSTECH, City and Disaster Management Department UAV
Permits: require Ministry of Defense, Lands and Survey, Aviation Authority
Data Processing: flying is easy, processing takes trial and error for good outputs
Community Mapping: low cost but labour intensive – relies on steady supply of students
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Research as a PlatformTowards
In an analogue world, policy dictates delivery.In a digital world, delivery informs policy.“ ”
Mike Bracken
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An Agenda for Mapping the NextTowards
Policy and legislation for government use of citizen generated open data
Outreach to policy/decision makers on how ‘maps’ can provide efficiency
Optimize local and international communities with new forms data and methods
Mapping where there are no opportunities for maps – NeoDemographics
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Dr Mark Iliffe@markiliffe
THANK YOU