Mapping Small-scale Fishing Activity in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
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Funding Agencies: • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología • David and Lucile Packard Foundation • The University of Arizona • Wallace Research Foundation Committee Members: • Dr. William Shaw • Dr. Barron Orr • Dr. Philip Guertin • Dr. Tom McGuire and PANGUEROS: Ana Cinti and Dr. Jennie Duberstein, Nabor Encinas, Erika Koltenuk, Alejandro Castillo, Dr. Miguel Lavín, Rene Loaiza, Cesar Moreno, Adrián Munguía, Tad Pfister, Dr. Pete Raimondi, Mario Rojo, Alyssa Rosemartin, Ángeles Sánchez, Gaspar Soria, Dr. Jorge Torre, Peggy Turk Acknowledgements To my family: James Collins Jorge, Alba, Raquel, Jorge y Marcos Dr. Luz Vázquez Dr. Jaime Nubiola Art Lab: Mickey Reed, Andrew Honaman, Craig Weisler SNR: Kathi, Samia, Taryn, Sonya • Dr. Richard Cudney-Bueno Tucsonian Friends: Mariano, Anne, Hugo, Adriana, Mari, Nadia, Alma, Maite, Pablo, Pat, Mike, Patricia, Laura, Jeremiah, Dan, Alison, Zack, Mattie, Monica, Don Carlos, Forest, Michele, Gillian, Emiliano.
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Transcript of Mapping Small-scale Fishing Activity in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
Funding Agencies:• Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y
Tecnología• David and Lucile Packard Foundation• The University of Arizona• Wallace Research Foundation
Committee Members:• Dr. William Shaw• Dr. Barron Orr• Dr. Philip Guertin• Dr. Tom McGuire
and PANGUEROS: Ana Cinti and Dr. Jennie Duberstein, Nabor Encinas, Erika Koltenuk, Alejandro Castillo, Dr. Miguel Lavín, Rene Loaiza, Cesar Moreno, Adrián Munguía, Tad Pfister, Dr. Pete Raimondi, Mario Rojo, Alyssa Rosemartin, Ángeles Sánchez, Gaspar Soria, Dr. Jorge Torre, Peggy Turk
AcknowledgementsTo my family:James CollinsJorge, Alba, Raquel, Jorge y Marcos
Dr. Luz VázquezDr. Jaime Nubiola
Art Lab: Mickey Reed, Andrew Honaman, Craig Weisler
SNR: Kathi, Samia, Taryn, Sonya
• Dr. Richard Cudney-Bueno
Tucsonian Friends: Mariano, Anne, Hugo, Adriana, Mari, Nadia, Alma, Maite, Pablo, Pat, Mike, Patricia, Laura, Jeremiah, Dan, Alison, Zack, Mattie, Monica, Don Carlos, Forest, Michele, Gillian, Emiliano.
MAPPING THE HUMAN DIMENSION
Marcia Moreno-Baez
of Small-scale Fisheries in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico.
Small-scale Fisheries are Central to the Economic Vitality and Food Security of
Many Countries
• 38 million people are classified as fishers (Béné, Macfadyen and Allison, 2007)
• ~90 percent are considered small-scale• An additional 100+ million people involved in
the post-harvest sector
Most of the World's Fisheries Science has been devote to Stock Assessment
• The disciplinary focus has been on biology and, to some extent, economics
• Conventional approaches have not adequately addressed the socio economic needs of fisheries (Berkes et al. 2001)
THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA
Has a rich history in commercial fisheries
50%
USAAsia
Small-scale fisheries involve a wide array of fishing gear,
methods and species
Best Available Information is Needed for Successful Planning
Small-scale
Fisheries
Social
Biophysical Political
EconomicEBM
PANGAS
Research Goal
To understand the human dimension of small-scale fishing activities for
developing fisheries management plans in the NGC
Small-scale
Fisheries
Social
Biophysical Political
Economic
Objectives
• Use local knowledge to characterize fishing activities• Understand the implications and contributions to
fisheries management– Who is fishing?– Where are they fishing?– What are they capturing?– How are they fishing?– When are they fishing?– Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
THE NORTHERN GULF OF CALIFORNIA
MEXICO
Methods
Rapid Appraisal
Integration of Local Knowledge
Internal Validation
Spatial and Temporal Analysis
Review of Existing Data
Design Semi-structuredInterview
Stratify Random Sampling
n = 37615% of total number of
panga captains
Conducting Interviews in17 Fishing CommunitiesPhoto: Pérez, S./CEDO
Semi-structure Interviews and Participatory Mapping
Target species
Opinion aboutfisheries
GeneralInformation andSocial networks
1st Section
Problems andAdditional
Information
Reproductive andNursery groundsAnd life history
Spatial andTemporal
distribution
2nd Section
• What species do you make a dedicated trip to capture?
• What other species do you target?• Of all of these, what are the three
most important?
Semi-structure Interviews and Participatory Mapping
Problems andAdditional
Information
Reproductive andNursery groundsAnd life history
Spatial andTemporal
distribution
2nd Section • What are your three primary fishing zones for this species?
• What are your three secondary fishing zones for this species?
Compilation
Digital IntegrationArcGIS™ 9.2
Methods
Integration of Local Knowledge
Rapid Appraisal
Internal Validation
Spatial and Temporal Analysis Preliminary AnalysisArcGIS™ 9.2
n(i)= 376n(m) = 764
Methods
Integration of Local Knowledge
Internal Validation
Rapid Appraisal
Integration of Local Knowledge
Spatial and Temporal Analysis
Puerto Peñasco:1. Diving (5 species)2. Gillnets (4 species)3. Longline and Traps (2 species)
Bahía de Kino:1. Diving (4 species)2. Gillnets (4 species)3. Traps (1 specie)
MEXICO
An Example of a Fishing Adjustment Before and After an Internal Validation
(Moreno-Baez, et al, 2010)
Black murex (Hexaplex nigritus)
Methods
Spatial and Temporal Analysis
Internal Validation
Rapid Appraisal
Integration of Local Knowledge
Characterize Fishing Activity
Spawning and Juvenile areas
Common Seasonal Fishing
Grounds
Vector-based Analysis
Relative Importance of
Fishing Grounds
Raster-based Analysis
Spatial Analysis to Meet the Objectives
Who, What, Where, How and, When
+
Different Vector-based Analyses Were Used to Meet Objectives
Species , Communities, Fishing Method, Spawning and juvenile areas
Attribute Queries
Intersection = communities overlap, Union = temporal analysis
Relational Algebra
Operators
Characterize Fishing Activity
Spawning and Juvenile areas
Common Seasonal Fishing
Grounds
Vector-based Analysis
Raster-based Analysis
Spatial and Temporal Analysis to Meet the Objectives
+
Different Vector-based Analyses Were Used to Meet Objectives
Attribute Queries
Euclidian Distance+ Maximum and
median distance from communities
Characterize Fishing Activity
Spawning and Juvenile areas
Common Seasonal Fishing
Grounds
Vector-based Analysis
Relative Importance of
Fishing Grounds
Raster-based Analysis
Spatial and Temporal Analysis to Meet the Objectives
Grid Creation (1.5 x 1.5
miles pixel size)
Level of Importance =
Value assigned to pixel
Geostatistics + Fuzzy Logic
Fishing Ground Relative
Importance
Raster-based Analysis Was Utilized to Understand the Importance of Fishing Grounds • What are your three primary
fishing zones for this species?• What are your three secondary
fishing zones for this species?
Primary Fishing zones = 1.0Secondary Fishing zones = 0.5
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?• What are they capturing?• How are they fishing?• When are they fishing?• Where are the spawning and reproductive
sites?
Fishing activity in 89% Of the coast line
Fishing activity in 60% Of the total area
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Traveled Distances from Community to Fishing Grounds
207
99
125
9577
10894
18
4321
177
94
145162
5161
181
0
50
100
150
200
250Ba
hia
de K
ino
Bahi
a de
los
Ánge
les
Des
embo
que
de C
abor
ca
Des
embo
que
Seri
El B
arril
Gol
fo d
e Sa
nta
Clar
a
Las
Ánim
as
Los
Dor
ados
de
Villa
Punt
a Ch
ueca
Punt
a Ja
guey
Puer
to L
iber
tad
Puer
to L
obos
Puer
to P
eñas
co
San
Felip
e
San
Jorg
e
Sant
o To
mas
San
Luis
Gon
zaga
Communities
Dis
tanc
e (k
m)
Max. Dist. (km) Med. Dist. (km)Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?
Where is fishing activityconcentrating?
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Isla TiburónIsla Ángel deLa Guarda
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?• What are they capturing?• How are they fishing?• When are they fishing?• Where are the spawning and reproductive
sites?
What are People Fishing?
• 74 species are being harvest• 58 target species
– Based on a dedicated trip• Spatial distribution of harvest location of 52
species
(Moreno-Baez et al, In press)
Octopus hubssorum or O. bimaculatus
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Epinephelus acanthistius
Isla TiburónIsla Ángel deLa Guarda
Number of Species Captured by Each Community
0
1
2
3
4
5
1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
Number of Species Captured
Nu
mb
er
of
Co
mm
un
itie
sRapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?• What are they capturing?• How are they fishing?• When are they fishing?• Where are the spawning and reproductive
sites?
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006Photos: Cinti, A., Rojo M./COBI, Morales, O.
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?• What are they capturing?• How are they fishing?• When are they fishing?• Where are the spawning and reproductive
sites?
Isla TiburónIsla Ángel deLa Guarda
Results
• Who is fishing?• Where are they fishing?• What are they capturing?• How are they fishing?• When are they fishing?• Where are the spawning and reproductive
sites?
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Implications for Management
• The spatial and temporal data may provide support that helps managers balance the local demand for the resource and the ecological integrity of the system
Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
Conclusions
• Key local knowledge can be incorporated into and corroborated during the data-collection process
• Data can be used within large, regional scales with multiple fishing communities and highly diverse fishing activities
Conclusions
Incorporating fishers’ knowledge through participatory research can provide essential information for the development of any future management schemes in the NGC
Conclusions
• This process increases the opportunity for dialogue between local fishers, natural resource managers, and researchers
• Engagement of local fishers can bring transparency to integration of local knowledge
The Human Dimension is Only One Aspect to be Incorporated into
Planning for Fisheries Management
Small-scale
Fisheries
Social
Biophysical Political
Economic
http://pangas.arizona.edu
