Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity

U S C E N S U S B U R E A UHelping You Make Informed Decisions

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issued June 2001

2000Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity Census 2000 Special Reports

CENSR/01-1

ByCynthia A. Brewer and Trudy A. Suchan

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Acknowledgments

This report was prepared by Cynthia A. Brewer of The Pennsylvania State University Department of Geographywhile on sabbatical at the Census Bureau's Population Division and by Trudy A. Suchan of the PopulationDivision. The Demographic Directorate managers who actively worked on the project were Nancy M. Gordon,John F. Long, James D. Fitzsimmons, and Signe I. Wetrogan. Timothy F. Trainor, Constance Beard, andDeanna L. Fowler of the Geography Division prepared geographic base linework and discussed details of mapdesign with the report authors. In the Population Division, Claudette E. Bennett, Nicholas A. Jones, HerbertW. Thompson, and Kevin E. Deardorff contributed as map topics were developed. E. Marie Pees and JanetL. Wysocki prepared special data tabulations. Maps were reviewed by Frank T. Gulino, Theresa B. Andrews,Robert M. Leddy Jr., and Nancy G. Schechtman.

Benjamin D. Cromer, Nelsa Brown, Janet S. Sweeney and Arlene C. Butler of the Administrative andCustomer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publications and printing management, graphicsdesign and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and productionmanagement were provided by Michael G. Garland, Assistant Chief, and Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, PublicationsServices Branch.

The authors are grateful to colleagues in the Population Distribution Branch, particularly Ptra Noble who prepared, managed, and documented the database that permitted mapping in geographic information systems (GIS) software. Thanks to Michael R. Ratcliffe for data checking and to Rodger V. Johnson for wording assistance. Thanks also to the others in the work group: Donna L. Defibaugh, Todd K. Gardner,Colleen D. Joyce, Paul J. Mackun, and Marc J. Perry.

Kathryn L. Engstrom and Edward Redmond of the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congressaided in the study of approximately 40 atlases during report planning.

The authors thank David W. DiBiase at The Pennsylvania State University for his many ideas that assisted in planning the atlas report. Shaun P. Faith, of Geography's Gould Center at Penn State, assisted with the shadedrelief for the location map. We appreciate Charlie Frye's leadership at Environmental Systems Research Institute(ESRI) in building cartographic tools into GIS software. Thanks also to the many professional cartographers andGIS developers who answered our technical questions and gave comments on early design drafts.

U.S. Department of CommerceDonald L. Evans,

Secretary

Economics and Statistics AdministrationJ. Lee Price,

Acting Under Secretary forEconomic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUWilliam G. Barron, Jr.,

Acting Director

Mapping Census 2000:The Geography of U.S. Diversity 2000

Census 2000 Special ReportsIssued June 2001

CENSR/01-1

Suggested Citation

Brewer, Cynthia A., and Trudy A. Suchan,U.S. Census Bureau, Census Special Reports,

Series CENSR/01-1, Mapping Census 2000:The Geography of U.S. Diversity, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC, 2001.ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION

J. Lee Price,Acting Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

William G. Barron, Jr.,Acting Director

William G. Barron, Jr.,Deputy Director

Vacant,Principal Associate Director for Programs

Nancy M. Gordon,Associate Director for Demographic Programs

John F. Long,Chief, Population Division

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity iiiU.S. Census Bureau

About This Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Race and Ethnicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Color Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Other Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Location MapsLocations of Selected Major Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Counties in Metropolitan Areas, 1990 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Total PopulationPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Population Density, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Percent Change, 1990 to 2000, and Population Density, 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Population Distribution, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Difference, 1990 to 2000, Number of People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Number of People, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Percent Change, 1990 to 2000, Population Under Age 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Percent Under Age 18, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

DiversityPrevalence, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin and All Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Minority Prevalence, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin and

All Races Except White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Diversity, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin and All Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Difference in Diversity, 1990 to 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin

and All Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

WhiteOne Race: WhitePercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Number of People, 2000, One Race: White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Percent of White Population Indicating One Race, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

One or More Races Including WhitePercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races Including White . . . . . . . 32Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including White . . . . . . . . . . 33Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including White . . . . . . . . . 34Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including White . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Black or African AmericanOne Race: Black or African American Percent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: Black or African American . . . . . . 38Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: Black or African American . . . . . . . . 39Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: Black or African American . . . . . . . . 40Number of People, 2000, One Race: Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . 41Percent of Black or African American Population

Indicating One Race, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

One or More Races Including Black or African AmericanPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races Including

Black or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including Black

or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including Black

or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including Black

or African American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Contents

iv Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity U.S. Census Bureau

American Indian and Alaska NativeOne Race: American Indian and Alaska NativePercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: American Indian

and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: American Indian

and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: American Indian

and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Number of People, 2000, One Race: American Indian

and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Percent of American Indian and Alaska Native Population


One or More Races Including American Indian and Alaska NativePercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races Including

American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including

American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including

American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including

American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

AsianOne Race: AsianPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Number of People, 2000, One Race: Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Percent of Asian Population Indicating One Race, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

One or More Races Including AsianPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races Including Asian . . . . . . . 68Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including Asian . . . . . . . . . . 69Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including Asian . . . . . . . . . 70Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific IslanderOne Race: Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Percent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: Native Hawaiian

and Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: Native Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: Native Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Number of People, 2000, One Race: Native Hawaiian and

Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Percent of Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population


One or More Races Including Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific IslanderPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races Including

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Two or More RacesPercent of Population, 2000, Two or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Percent Under Age 18, 2000, Two or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Number of People, 2000, Two or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Hispanic or Latino OriginPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin, All Races . . . . . . . 92Percent of Population, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin, All Races . . . . . . . . . 93Percent Under Age 18, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin, All Races . . . . . . . . . 94Number of People, 2000, Hispanic or Latino Origin, All Races . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity vU.S. Census Bureau

White, Not Hispanic or Latino OriginOne Race: White, Not Hispanic or Latino OriginPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One Race: White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Percent of Population, 2000, One Race: White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One Race: White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Number of People, 2000, One Race: White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Percent of White, Not Hispanic or Latino Origin Population

Indicating One Race, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

One or More Races Including White, Not Hispanic or Latino OriginPercent Change, 1990 to 2000, One or More Races

Including White, Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Percent of Population, 2000, One or More Races Including White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Percent Under Age 18, 2000, One or More Races Including White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Number of People, 2000, One or More Races Including White,

Not Hispanic or Latino Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

About This Report

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S.Diversity (Census Special Reports, SeriesCENSR/01-1) presents a synthesis of the basic pat-terns and changes in U.S. population distribution inthe last decade. Each page features county-leveldetail for the 50 states, the District of Columbia,and Puerto Rico. Each page also includes a smallstate-level map for a simplified view of the popula-tion theme. The Census 2000 data in this reportare based on the U.S. Census Bureau Redistricting(PL 94-171) Summary File. These data werereleased in March 2001 and were sent to each statefor use in redrawing federal, state, and local leg-islative districts. Use of this source limits thereport themes to total population, race and ethnic-ity, and population under age 18 (derived from thevoting-age population counts in the redistrictingdata). Although potential topics were limited bythis source, Mapping Census 2000 provides anews-filled first look at diversity and change in thepopulation. The report presents pairs of maps onfacing pages, often showing a 2000 populationdistribution map and a corresponding 1990 to2000 change in population. The report begins withgeneral sections on the total population and over-all diversity and then systematically maps data forrace and Hispanic or Latino groups.

Race and Ethnicity

Starting with Census 2000, the U.S. Office ofManagement and Budget (OMB) requires federalagencies to use a minimum of five race categories:White; Black or African American; American Indianand Alaska Native; Asian; and Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander. For the Census 2000 ques-tionnaire, OMB approved including a sixth catego-ry, Some other race. Thus, Mapping Census 2000uses six race categories. People who marked onlyone race on their census form are counted in Onerace groups. A series of One race maps is pro-vided for each race group. Those who markedexactly one race combined with those who markedthat race and at least one other race are mapped inthe One or more races series for each race group.Individuals who chose more than one of the sixrace categories are referred to as the Two or moreraces population. This group is included on mapsin the Diversity section and as a race group inMapping Census 2000.

This report maps four topics Percent Change,Percent of Population, Percent Under Age 18,and Number of People for each race in twoways. These maps are shown for people indicatingexactly one race and again for people indicatingone or more races. For each race group, a fifth maptopic illustrates the proportion of people whomarked exactly one race compared with all peoplewho marked that race, either alone or with otherraces. For more detail on the Census 2000 race andethnicity categories, refer to the Census Bureaureport Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin(Census 2000 Brief, Series C2KBR/01-1). In otherCensus 2000 data products, the One race andOne or more races groups may be listed respec-tively as alone and alone or in combinationpopulation variables.

In the race sections of the report, the 1990 to 2000change maps compare 1990 data to 2000 Onerace and One or more races groups. Neitherchoice is directly comparable to the 1990 data, buttogether they offer contrasting understandings ofchanges in the U.S. population. There is no 1990census group suitable for comparison with the2000 Two or more races group because thatinformation was not collected in the 1990 census.

An additional change in race reporting for Census2000 was separation of the 1990 Asian and PacificIslander category into two groups: Asian andNative Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Forchange maps in this report, detailed 1990 datawere reaggregated to create separate Asian andNative Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander groupsfor comparison with Census 2000 race categories.

Race and ethnicity data are not available from the1990 census for Puerto Rico because the questionson race and Hispanic origin were not included onthe 1990 census form used in Puerto Rico. Becauseof the difference in 1990 forms, some 1990 to2000 change maps in this report show no datafor Puerto Rico. In 2000, the same questions onrace and Hispanic origin were asked of people inthe 50 states, the District of Columbia, and PuertoRico, so all maps of 2000 data include Puerto Rico.

The Census Bureau used two ethnicity categories inboth 1990 and 2000: Hispanic or Latino and NotHispanic or Latino. (The terms Hispanic or Latinoorigin, Hispanic or Latino, and Hispanic are used

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity 1U.S. Census Bureau

interchangeably.) Race and ethnicity are consideredtwo separate concepts, and therefore Hispanics maybe of any race or races. The Diversity section of thisreport includes both race and ethnicity categoriestogether on maps of Prevalence and Diversityusing the following categories:

Hispanic or Latino;

White, not Hispanic or Latino;

Black or African American ("Black or AfricanAmerican and Black are used interchangeably);

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN);

Asian;

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander(NHOPI);

Some other race, not Hispanic or Latino; and

Two or more races, not Hispanic or Latino.

White, Black, AIAN, Asian, NHOPI and Some otherrace categories include people who indicatedexactly one race. All people who indicated morethan one race are grouped together in the Two ormore races category.

For the prevalence maps, people who indicatedHispanic or Latino and also indicated Black, AIAN,Asian, or NHOPI are counted in both the Hispanicor Latino group and in their respective race group.One-half of one percent of the total U.S. population(approximately 1.3 million people) is representedtwice in the percentages compared on these maps.There is no additional overlap among these cate-gories. The eight map categories on the prevalencemaps sum to 100.5 percent of the U.S. population.

Unlike the percentage comparisons for the preva-lence maps, the diversity index calculation is com-promised when percentages do not add precisely

to 100. Therefore, people who are both Hispanicand Black, AIAN, Asian, or NHOPI are included onlyin their respective race group for the diversity mapcalculations. There are a variety of ways ethnicitymay be incorporated with race groups in the calcu-lation of diversity measures. In this report, the cal-culations for the diversity maps use categoriesgenerally consistent with the prevalence maps withthe goal of producing a coherent report section.The diversity index mapped is termed Simpson'sIndex in biology literature.

Maps

Most of the maps in the report are choropleth maps.They use colors filling counties or states to repre-sent mapped data values. The map legends (on theright side of each page) list the range of data valuesthat each color represents. These data ranges aretermed classes. Choropleth maps are well suited toshowing derived values such as percent or density.They are less appropriate for representing totalnumbers of people. They are, however, used fortotals in the atlas for county identification and coun-ty-to-county comparisons with other mapped data.As an alternative to choropleth mapping, the distri-bution map with symbols proportioned to totalnumber of people is included to give a better senseof the overall distribution of population.

Some of the maps have an overlay that maskscounties with very small populations for the groupmapped. For example, the percent change in peo-ple of Hispanic or Latino origin is not shown incounties where there are fewer than 100 Hispanics.Small populations are masked because they oftenproduce extreme percent changes, which distractfrom understanding the more reliable pattern overareas with greater numbers of people. Masks forpopulations less than 100 are also used for mapsof percent under age 18.

Cartographers employ many strategies for decid-ing class breaks for choropleth maps. Some of thebasic approaches are to customize breaks usingcharacteristics of the data values shown on themap, to use arbitrary round numbers, and to usebreaks that arise from knowledge about the maptopic. An additional criterion is whether compari-son between maps is more important than opti-mizing classes for individual maps. In the report,comparison between maps is emphasized by useof the same categories among maps in a series.The class breaks on the maps were chosen using acombination of arbitrary rounded breaks sharedbetween maps and national rates for each topic.

The maps are designed both to aid map compari-son and provide critical summary breaks withinmaps. For example, the maps of percent of totalpopulation in individual race groups use somemeaningful percentage breaks, such as 50 percentof the population, and they use the U.S. percent forthe group mapped. They also share breaks at ornear many of the U.S. percents for other groups.For U.S. percents that are similar for more than onegroup, a rounded summary number is used onmost maps (for example, 1.0 percent). This num-ber is then replaced with the exact U.S. percentwhen the group is mapped. For example, 1.5 and0.9 percent replace the 1.0 percent break forAmerican Indian and Alaska Native maps.

As mentioned, many maps use an overall U.S.national percent or density as a class break. The U.S.percent for a group is calculated using populationsfor the United States as a whole (for example, thetotal population under age 18 divided by the totalU.S. population). Note that these summary numbersare not averages of state or county percents. Thecalculations of the U.S. summary numbers are basedon data from all states and the District of Columbiabut do not include Puerto Rico.

2 Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity U.S. Census Bureau

All data were rounded to one decimal before theywere mapped. The minimum and maximum datavalues for a topic are used as the lowest and high-est values reported in map legends. Large maxi-mums for Number of People maps are rounded tothe next highest number with four significant dig-its. Similarly, when only one state (or the District ofColumbia or Puerto Rico) is represented by a coloron a state-level map, the data value and the stateabbreviation are reported in the legend rather thana data range (for example, 25.1 (DC)).

Color Use

The maps present eight different color schemes.Use of a shared color scheme across a series ofmaps signals that they represent similar data. Onmany maps, colors are arranged from light for lowdata values to dark for high values. Dark purples,blues, and greens are used for the high values onmaps. On the difference, age, and change maps,values diverge in two directions from a summarymidrange value. Both ends of the data range areemphasized with dark colors of two different hues.Light colors are used on these maps around themidrange values to emphasize difference from aU.S. summary rate or zero change. For consistencywith other color schemes, dark purple, blue, andgreen hues are maintained for the high values onmaps with diverging color schemes. Low or nega-tive values are shown in pinks, oranges, andbrowns. A particular color generally has the samemeaning within a series so that maps are easilycompared. Ranges for colors change when breaksare adjusted to include U.S. overall rates specific tothe group mapped. For example, a light pink isused to signal ranges between zero change and theoverall U.S. change for the group mapped, a rangethat is different for each change map. In addition,colors were selected to accommodate readers whoare color blind.

Three different hues in the title bar along the topof map pages are used to group maps into setsacross atlas sections: maps that involve the totalU.S. population (orange bar), maps that focus onpeople who indicated only one race on their censusform (yellow), and maps that include people whoindicated more than one race (pink).

Other Notes

Most map titles list map theme, year(s), and demo-graphic group(s). Legend captions, though some-times lengthy, provide a more detailed explanationof the map topic. A map reader will usually beginby reading the title of the map for the general topicand then read the legend caption for explicitdetails of the data calculation presented on themap. The specific ranges represented by each mapcolor are the third level of detail that a map readerwill examine. Interpretive text was not included inthe atlas in order to go to press as soon after therelease of the redistricting data as was feasible.The authors hope the design fosters interpretationof the information by analysts in government agen-cies, academics, journalists, and people at home.

Maps necessarily show generalized information toemphasize patterns. For the reader interested inexact data values for the themes mapped, detailedtables can be found on the Web,www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html. Inaddition, American FactFinder on the Web atfactfinder.census.gov provides census data andmapping tools.

To permit change mapping, previously published1990 census data were reaggregated to Census2000 geography. This update affected only fivecounties or equivalent entities in the country(Denali and Yakutat Boroughs, Alaska; HalifaxCounty, Virginia; and Gallatin and Park Counties,Montana).

During atlas planning, the authors examined awide range of atlases that included populationthemes. Some were specific to particular types ofdata, and some were country or state atlases.Examples of previous atlases that include innova-tive approaches to topics or are good examples ofstandard data presentations are listed in the bibli-ography that concludes this section.

The maps in Mapping Census 2000 were created inArcInfo 8 (prerelease v. 8.1) geographic informa-tion and mapping software from ESRI in Redlands,California. Each of the five mapped areas on eachpage was drawn using a customized version of theAlbers Equal Area conic map projection.

Copies of this report are available from theSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC 20402. Generalquestions about the report may be addressed to Dr. Trudy A. Suchan, Population Division, U.S.Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233 or to the e-mail address .


Bibliography

Allen, James Paul, and Eugene James Turner, 1988,We the People: An Atlas of Americas EthnicDiversity, Macmillan, New York.

Champion, Tony, Cecilia Wong, Ann Rooke, DanielDorling, Mike Coombes, and Chris Brunsdon,1996, The Population of Britain in the 1990s: ASocial and Economic Atlas, Clarendon Press,Oxford.

Chiriin, Kokudo, 1990, The National Atlas of Japan,Japan Map Center, Tokyo.

Dean, William G., and Geoffrey J. Matthews, 1969,Economic Atlas of Ontario, University of TorontoPress, Toronto.

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,Canada, 1974, The National Atlas of Canada(4th edition), Macmillan of Canada, Toronto.

Donley, Michael W., Stuart Allan, Patricia Caro, andClyde P. Patton, 1979, Atlas of California, PacificBook Center, Culver City, California.

Dorling, Daniel, 1995, A New Social Atlas of Britain,John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.

Doyle, Rodger, 1994, Atlas of ContemporaryAmerica: Portraits of a Nation, Facts on File,New York.

Fernald, Edward A., and Elizabeth D. Purdum (edi-tors), 1996, Atlas of Florida (revised edition),University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

Gannett, Henry, 1903, Statistical Atlas, UnitedStates Census Office, Washington, DC.

Gan Ziyu (editor), 1994, The National EconomicAtlas of China, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Mattson, Mark T., 1992, Atlas of the 1990 Census,Macmillan, New York.

Gerlach, Arch C. (editor), 1970, The National Atlasof the United States of America, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Washington, DC.

berg, Sture, and Peter Springfeldt, 1991, NationalAtlas of Sweden: The Population, SNA Publishing,Stockholm.

Pickle, Linda Williams, Michael Mungiole, GretchenK. Jones, and Andrew A. White, 1996, Atlas ofUnited States Mortality, National Center forHealth Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland.

Prucha, Francis Paul, 1990, Atlas of AmericanIndian Affairs, University of Nebraska Press,Lincoln.

Riebsame, William E. (editor), 1997, Atlas of theNew West: Portrait of a Changing Region, W.W.Norton, New York.

Tait, Nick, Andrew Whiteford, Jan Joubert, Johanvan Zyl, Dulcie Krige, and Basil Pillay, 1996, ASocio-Economic Atlas of South Africa: ADemographic, Socio-Economic and CulturalProfile of South Africa, HSRC Publishers (HumanSciences Research Council), Pretoria.

Turner, Eugene, and James P. Allen, 1990, An Atlasof Population Patterns in Metropolitan LosAngeles, Occasional Publications in GeographyNo. 8, Department of Geography, CaliforniaState University, Northridge, California.


Location Maps

Locations ofInset Areas

Locations of Selected Major Cities

Albers Equal Area conic projections are used for the five maps on each atlas page.

Selected cities are the largest in each state. Additional cities with populations of at least 750,000 in 2000 also are included.

Data Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, TIGER data for county lines and Census 2000 for city populations; U.S. Geological Survey, GTOPO30 elevation data for terrain shading; Environmental Systems Research Institute, ArcData for North America map.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.

0 100 Miles0 100 Miles0 100 Miles

0 100 Miles

Houston

Oklahoma City

Wichita

Omaha

Albuquerque

Phoenix

DenverCity

Cheyenne

Sioux Falls

FargoBillings

Boise

Seattle

Portland

Francisco

San Jose

Vegas

Angeles

Diego

Honolulu

Antonio

Dallas

New York

PortlandManchester

Burlington

Boston

ProvidenceBridgeport

Newark

Wilmington

Philadelphia

Baltimore

Virginia Beach

Charlotte

Columbia

Jacksonville

Atlanta

Orleans

Birmingham

Jackson

Memphis

Fayette

Charleston

Columbus

Detroit

Indianapolis

Chicago

Milwaukee

Minneapolis

Moines

City

Rock

Anchorage

Washington

San Juan

Las

Salt Lake

New

Lexington-

Des

Little

San

Los

San

Kansas

San

WASHINGTON

CALIFORNIA

NEVADA

UTAH

ARIZONA

NEW MEXICO

COLORADO

WYOMING

OREGON IDAHO

MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA

NEBRASKA

KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

TEXASLOUISIANA

ARKANSAS

MISSOURI

IOWA

MINNESOTA

WISCONSIN

ILLINOIS

MISSISSIPPI

HAWAII

ALASKA

ALABAMA

TENNESSEE

KENTUCKY

INDIANA

MICHIGAN

OHIO

FLORIDA

GEORGIA

SOUTH CAROLINA

NORTH CAROLINA

VIRGINIA

WESTVIRGINIA

PENNSYLVANIA

NEW YORK

NEW HAMPSHIRE

VERMONT

MASSACHUSETTS

RHODE ISLAND

CONNECTICUT

NEW JERSEY

DELAWARE

MARYLAND

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

PUERTORICO

MAINE


80.3 to 100.0

50.0 to 80.2

30.0 to 49.9

Counties in Metropolitan Areas1990 and 2000

Percent of statepopulation inmetropolitan areacounties, 2000

Metropolitan area statusof counties

mask

mask

mask

maskmask

U.S. percentis 80.3

Change

Change

Data Sources: U.S. Census Bureau and Office of Management and Budget for metropolitan area defi-nitions; U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) Summary File for state populations.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.

This map identifies the status of counties as either in metropolitan areas (MAs) or not in MAs for the 1990 and 2000 censuses. Boundaries of individual MAs are not shown. Each MA contains a large population center and adjacent communities that have strong commuting ties with that center. MAs are defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and are composed of entire counties. For this map, New England County Metropolitan Areas are used as an alternative to the city- and town-based MAs in New England. Most counties in metropolitan areas include both urban and rural land uses.

Nonmetropolitan in 1990 and 2000

Metropolitan in 2000 and nonmetropolitan in 1990

Nonmetropolitan in 2000and metropolitan in 1990

Metropolitanin 2000 and 1990


0 100 Miles


Total Population

25.0 to 66.3

13.2 to 24.9

0.0 to 13.1

-5.7 (DC)

U.S. change is13.2 percent

Percent Change, 1990 to 2000Total Population

Percent change in total population from 1990 to 2000 by state

Percent change in total populationfrom 1990 to 2000 by county

50.0 to 191.0

25.0 to 49.9

13.2 to 24.9

0.0 to 13.1

-10.0 to -0.1

-42.3 to -10.1


No change

Loss

Gain

No change

Gain

Loss

Data Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) Summary File and1990 Census.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.


0 100 Miles


300.0 to 9316.0

79.6 to 299.9

7.0 to 79.5

1.1 to 6.9

U.S.densityis 79.6

Population Density, 2000

People per square mileby state

People per square mile by county

3000.0 to 66940.0

300.0 to 2999.9

160.0 to 299.9

79.6 to 159.9

7.0 to 79.5

1.0 to 6.9

0.0 to 0.9

U.S. density is 79.6

Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) Summary File.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.American FactFinder at factfinder.census.gov provides census data and mapping tools.


0 100 Miles


Percent Change, 1990 to 2000and Population Density, 1990

70.3 or more

7.0 - 70.2

Less than 7.0

People persquare mile

1990Legend rows

Legend columns

Loss

0.0

to 1

3.1

13.2

or m

orePercent change

in population1990 to 2000

County colors:

Less than U.S. increase of 13.2 percent and:

Equal to or more than U.S. increase of 13.2 percent and:

Less than U.S. density

Equal to or more than 1990 U.S. density of 70.3

Loss or small increase

Large population increase

Color hue represents 1990 population density: yellow counties had thelowest densities, less than 7 people per square mile (bottom row in the legend);green counties were less than 70.3, the U.S. density in 1990;blue counties had thehighest densities.Color lightness represents population change from 1990 to 2000:light counties lost population (left column in the legend);dark counties grew the most, with gains equal to or more than the U.S. change of 13.2 percent.

Less than U.S. density

Equal to or more than 1990 U.S. density of 70.3

Data Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) Summary File and 1990 Census.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.


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"Population Distribution,2000

Number of peopleby state

Number of peopleby county

34,000,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

1,000,000

500,000

10,000,000

5,000,000

1,000,000

500,000

100,000

10,000

Fewer than 10,000

The area of each square symbol is proportioned to the number of people in a county or state.The legends present examplesymbol sizes from the manysymbols shown on the maps.



0 100 Miles


1,000,000 to 4,112,000

500,000 to 999,999

0 to 499,999

-34,841 (DC)

Difference, 1990 to 2000Number of People

Change in number of people by state

Change in number of people from1990 to 2000by county

40,000 to 950,100

20,000 to 39,999

10,000 to 19,999

0 to 9,999

-10,000 to -1

-84,860 to -10,001Loss

Gain

No difference


No difference


0 100 Miles


10,000,000 to 33,880,000

5,000,000 to 9,999,999

1,000,000 to 4,999,999

493,782 to 999,999

Number of People, 2000

Number of peopleby state

Number of peopleby county

500,000 to 9,520,000

100,000 to 499,999

50,000 to 99,999

25,000 to 49,999

10,000 to 24,999

67 to 9,999



0 100 Miles


13.6 to 72.4

0.0 to 13.5

-9.3 to -0.1

Percent Change, 1990 to 2000Population Under Age 18

50.0 to 196.4

25.0 to 49.9

13.6 to 24.9

0.0 to 13.5

-10.0 to -0.1

-53.6 to -10.1


Loss

Gain

No change

Percent change inpopulation under age 18 from 1990 to 2000 by state

Percent change inpopulation under age 18 from 1990 to 2000 by county

No change




0 100 Miles


28.0 to 32.2

25.7 to 27.9

24.0 to 25.6

20.1 to 23.9

Percent Under Age 18, 2000

Percent of totalpopulation under age 18 by state

Percent of totalpopulation under age 18 by county

30.0 to 46.6

28.0 to 29.9

25.7 to 27.9

24.0 to 25.6

20.0 to 23.9

2.0 to 19.9

U.S. percentis 25.7

Low proportionof young people

High proportionof young people

U.S. percent is 25.7

Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) Summary File.Cartography: Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau.American FactFinder at factfinder.census.govprovides census data and mapping tools.


0 100 Miles


Diversity

Hispanic (PR)

White, not Hispanic

Black (DC)

Asian (HI)

Prevalence, 2000

Hispanic or Latino Originand All Races

Group with highest percent of state population

Group with highest percent of county population

Hispanic or Latino

mask

Black or African American

mask

Asian

maskmask

Percents for non-Hispanic "Some other race" and "Two or more races" groups were not highest in any state or county. Percents for AIAN and NHOPI were not highest in any state.People of Hispanic origin who are not White were counted in the Hispanic group and werealso counted in the Black, AIAN, Asian, and NHOPI group they indicated. Each of these people was counted twice in the comparison of percentages(0.5 percent of the population).


White,not Hispanic or Latino

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN)

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI)


0 100 Miles


Minority Prevalence, 2000

Hispanic or Latino Originand All Races Except White

Hispanic or Latino


mask

Asian

mask

maskmask

Minority group with highest percent of state population

Minority group with highest percent of county population

Percent for the "Some other race, not Hispanic" group was not highest in any state or county.People of Hispanic origin who are not White were counted in the Hispanic group and werealso counted in the Black, AIAN, Asian, and NHOPI group they indicated. Each of these people was counted twice in the comparison of percentages(0.5 percent of the population).

Excludes White, not Hispanic

Excludes White, not Hispanic

Hispanic

Black

AIAN

Asian (HI)

MASKTwo or more races,not Hispanic

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN)

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI)

Two or more races,not Hispanic or Latino



0 100 Miles


0.49 to 0.73

0.30 to 0.48

0.07 to 0.29

0.60 to 0.77

0.49 to 0.59

0.40 to 0.48

0.30 to 0.39

0.15 to 0.29

0.01 to 0.14

The diversity index reports the percentage of times two randomly selected people would differ by race/ethnicity. Working with percents expressed as ratios (e.g., 63 percent = 0.63), the index is calculated in three steps: A. Square the percent for each group, B. Sum the squares, and C. Subtract the sum from 1.00. Eight groups were used for the index: 1. White, not Hispanic; 2. Black or African American; 3. American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN); 4. Asian; 5. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI); 6. Two or more races, not Hispanic; 7. Some other race, not Hispanic; and 8. Hispanic or Latino. People indicating Hispanic origin who also indicated Black, AIAN, Asian, or NHOPI were counted only in their race group (0.5 percent of the population). They were not included in the Hispanic group.

Diversity, 2000


Diversity indexby state

Diversity indexby county

Low diversity

High diversity

Low diversity

U.S. diversityis 0.49

U.S. diversityis 0.49



0 100 Miles


0.09 to 0.17

0.02 to 0.08

0.20 to 0.34

0.09 to 0.19

0.00 to 0.08

-0.12 to -0.01

Difference in Diversity, 1990 to 2000


Difference in diversity by state

Difference in diversity:1990 diversity index subtracted from 2000 diversity index by county

Two changes were made before comparing 1990 and 2000 diversity indexes. "Two or more races" and "Some other race" groups weresummed to produce a singlegroup for 2000. "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" groups were created for 1990 from detailed race data. These adjusted groupings produced comparable indexes calculated from seven groups for both 1990 and 2000.

U.S. difference is 0.09

Decrease in diversity

Increase in diversity

U.S. differenceis 0.09

No change

Diversity increasedin all states

No race data for Puerto Rico in 1990


0 100 Miles0 100 Miles

0 100 Miles


White

Maps for people indicating one race, White, followed by maps for people indicating one or moreraces including White

One Race: White

Percent changeby state

Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one race,White, in 2000

Percent Change, 1990 to 2000

One Race:

Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingWhite in 1990 and people indicating one race, White,in 2000

White

50.0 to 177.9

25.0 to 49.9

5.9 to 24.9

0.0 to 5.8

-10.0 to -0.1

Less than -10.1Less than -10.1


No change


5.9 to 48.3

0.0 to 5.8

-20.4 to -0.1


No change


Loss of more than 10 percent


0 100 Miles


90.0 to 96.9

75.1 to 89.9

50.0 to 75.0

24.3 to 49.9

U.S. percentis 75.1

Percent of Population, 2000

One Race:

People indicatingexactly one race, White, as a percent of total population by state

People indicatingexactly one race, White, as a percent of total population by county

95.0 to 99.7

75.1 to 94.9

50.0 to 75.0

25.0 to 49.9

12.5 to 24.9

4.5 to 12.4

U.S. percentis 75.1

White

This map is one of a series of 14 "Percent of Population" maps with comparable categories for counties. Breaks defining map categories differ by small amounts among maps in the series to include the U.S. percent for the specific group mapped.



0 100 Miles


25.7 to 31.4

23.5 to 25.6

9.7 to 23.4


One Race:

25.7 to 38.3

23.5 to 25.6

20.0 to 23.4

5.3 to 19.9

Percent of people indicating exactly one race, White, who are under age 18 by state

Percent of people indicating exactly one race, White, who are under age 18 by county

Fewer than 100people in county indicating one race, White

U.S. percent under 18for Whites is 23.5

U.S. percent under 18for all people is 25.7

Low proportion ofWhites are young


U.S. percentunder 18 for

all people is 25.7White

This map is one of a series of 14 "Percent Under Age 18" maps with comparable categories for counties. Only the category break at the U.S. percent for the specific group mapped differs among maps in the series.



0 100 Miles


10,000,000 to 20,180,000

5,000,000 to 9,999,999

1,000,000 to 4,999,999

176,101 to 999,999


One Race:

50,000 to 4,638,000

10,000 to 49,999

5,000 to 9,999

1,000 to 4,999

100 to 999

38 to 99

Number of peopleindicating exactly one race, White, by state

Number of people indicating exactly one race, White,by county

White



0 100 Miles


97.5 to 99.2

90.0 to 97.4

61.8 (HI)

U.S. percentis 97.5

Percent of White PopulationIndicating One Race, 2000

People indicating one race, White, as a percent of those indicating one or more races including White by state

People indicatingone race, White, as a percent of those indicating one or more races including Whiteby county

99.0 to 100.0

97.5 to 98.9

86.1 to 97.4

60.4 to 86.0

U.S. percentis 97.5

This map is one of a series of six "Percent Indicating One Race" maps with comparable categories for counties. Breaks defining the highest categories differ among maps for groups with the highest U.S. percents.



0 100 Miles


White

White; Black or African American

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative

White; Asian

White; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

White; Some other race

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native

White; Black; Asian

White; Black; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

White; Black; Some other race

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Some other race

White; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

White; Asian; Some other race

White; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Some other race

White; Black; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander

White; Black; Asian; Some other race

White; Black; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Some other race

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

White; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Some other race

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

White; Black; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander; Some otherrace

White; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

White; Black; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander; Some otherrace

One or More Races Including White



White

50.0 to 183.1

25.0 to 49.9

8.6 to 24.9

0.0 to 8.5

-10.0 to -0.1



No change


8.6 to 54.6

0.0 to 8.5

-0.8 to -0.1


No change

Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one ormore racesincluding Whitein 2000

One or More Races Including

Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingWhite in 1990 and peopleindicating oneor more racesincluding White in 2000




0 100 Miles


90.0 to 97.9

77.1 to 89.9

50.0 to 77.0

32.2 to 49.9

U.S. percentis 77.1



People indicatingone or more racesincluding Whiteas a percent of total population by state

People indicatingone or more races including White as a percent of total population by county

95.0 to 99.9

77.1 to 94.9

50.0 to 77.0

25.0 to 49.9

12.5 to 24.9

5.2 to 12.4

U.S. percentis 77.1

White




0 100 Miles


25.7 to 31.9

24.0 to 25.6

10.4 to 23.9



25.7 to 38.4

24.0 to 25.6

20.0 to 23.9

6.5 to 19.9

Percent of people indicating one or more races including White who are under age 18 by state

Percent of people indicating one or more races including Whitewho are under age 18 by county

Fewer than 100people in county indicating one or more races including White



Low proportion ofWhites are young


U.S. percentunder 18 for

all people is 25.7White




0 100 Miles




50,000 to 5,023,000

10,000 to 49,999

5,000 to 9,999

1,000 to 4,999

100 to 999

46 to 99

Number of peopleindicating one or more races including White by state

Number of people indicating one or more races including White by county

White10,000,000 to 21,500,000

5,000,000 to 9,999,999

1,000,000 to 4,999,999

184,309 to 999,999



0 100 Miles



Maps for people indicating one race, Black or African American, followed by maps for people indicating one or more races including Black or African American

One Race: Black or African American


Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one race,Black, in 2000


One Race:

Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingBlack in 1990 and people indicating onerace, Black or African American, in 2000


200.0 - 26300.0

100.0 to 199.9

15.6 to 99.9

0.0 to 15.5

-10.0 to -0.1

-100.0 - -10.1-100.0 - -10.1


No change


15.6 to 80.9

0.0 to 15.5

-19.1 to -0.1


No change



Gain of 200 percent or more


0 100 Miles


25.0 to 60.0

12.3 to 24.9

5.0 to 12.2

0.3 to 4.9

U.S. percentis 12.3


One Race:

People indicating ex-actly one race, Black or African American, as a percent of total population by state

People indicatingexactly one race, Black or African American, as a percent of total population by county

70.0 to 86.5

50.0 to 69.9

25.0 to 49.9

12.3 to 24.9

5.0 to 12.2

1.0 to 4.9

0.0 to 0.9

U.S. percentis 12.3





0 100 Miles


31.4 to 38.1

25.7 to 31.3

25.1 (DC)


One Race:

50.0 to 100.0

40.0 to 49.9

31.4 to 39.9

25.7 to 31.3

20.0 to 25.6

0.0 to 19.9

Percent of people indicating exactly one race, Black or African American, who are under age 18 by state

Percent of people indicating exactly one race, Black or African American, who are under age 18 by county

Fewer than 100people in county indicating one race, Black


U.S. percent under 18for Blacks is 31.4

Low proportion ofBlacks are young

High proportion ofBlacks are young


U.S. percent under18 for Blacks is 31.4Black or African American




0 100 Miles


1,000,000 to 3,015,000

100,000 to 999,999

10,000 to 99,999

2,692 to 9,999


One Race:

50,000 to 1,406,000

10,000 to 49,999

5,000 to 9,999

1,000 to 4,999

100 to 999

0 to 99

Number of peopleindicating exactly one race, Black or African American, by state

Number of people indicating exactly one race, Black or African American,by county



0 100 Miles100 Miles



95.2 to 99.2

75.0 to 95.1

60.6 to 74.9

U.S. percentis 95.2

99.0 to 100.0

95.2 to 98.9

86.1 to 95.1

60.1 to 86.0

45.6 to 60.0

20.0 to 45.5

0.0 to 19.9

U.S. percentis 95.2

People indicating one race, Black or African American, as a percent of those indicating one or more races including Black or African American by county

No Black population in county

Percent of Black or African American Population Indicating One Race, 2000

People indicating one race, Black, as a percent of those indicating one or more races including Black by state




0 100 Miles



Black; White

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative

Black; Asian

Black; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

Black; Some other race

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native

Black; White; Asian

Black; White; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

Black; White; Some other race

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Some other race

Black; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

Black; Asian; Some other race

Black; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Some other race

Black; White; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander

Black; White; Asian; Some other race

Black; White; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Some other race

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

Black; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Some other race

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

Black; White; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander; Some otherrace

Black; American Indian and AlaskaNative; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

Black; White; American Indian andAlaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander; Some otherrace

One or More Races Including Black or African American




200.0 or more

100.0 to 199.9

21.5 to 99.9

0.0 to 21.4

-10.0 to -0.1



No change


21.5 to 141.2

0.0 to 21.4

-12.3 (DC)


No change

Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one ormore races including Black or African American in 2000


Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingBlack in 1990 and peopleindicating oneor more racesincluding Blackor AfricanAmerican in 2000





0 100 Miles


25.0 to 61.3

12.9 to 24.9

5.0 to 12.8

0.5 to 4.9

U.S. percentis 12.9



People indicatingone or more races including Black or African Americanas a percent of total population by state

People indicatingone or more races including Black or African American as a percent of total population by county

70.0 to 86.7

50.0 to 69.9

25.0 to 49.9

12.9 to 24.9

5.0 to 12.8

1.0 to 4.9

0.0 to 0.9

U.S. percentis 12.9





0 100 Miles


32.5 to 46.5

25.7 to 32.4

25.1 (DC)



50.0 to 100.0

40.0 to 49.9

32.5 to 39.9

25.7 to 32.4

20.0 to 25.6

0.0 to 19.9

Percent of people indicating one or more races including Black or African American who are under age 18 by state

Percent of peopleindicating one ormore races including Black or African American who are under age 18 by county

Fewer than 100people in county indicating one or more races including Black


U.S. percent under 18for Blacks is 32.5

Low proportion ofBlacks are young

High proportion ofBlacks are young


U.S. percent under18 for Blacks is 32.5





0 100 Miles


1,000,000 to 3,235,000

100,000 to 999,999

10,000 to 99,999

4,441 to 9,999



50,000 to 1,436,000

10,000 to 49,999

5,000 to 9,999

1,000 to 4,999

100 to 999

0 to 99

Number of peopleindicating one or moreraces including Black or African American by state

Number of people indicating one ormore races including Black or African Americanby county




0 100 Miles


American Indian and Alaska Native

Maps for people indicating one race, American Indian and Alaska Native,followed by maps for people indicating one or more races including American Indian andAlaska Native

One Race: American Indian and Alaska Native


Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one race,AIAN, in 2000


One Race:

Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) in 1990 and people indicating onerace, AIAN, in 2000

American Indian andAlaska Native

200.0 or more

110.3 to 199.9

26.4 to 110.2

0.0 to 26.3

-10.0 to -0.1



No change


26.4 to 79.7

0.0 to 26.3

-30.7 (HI)


No change





0 100 Miles


15.6 (AK)

5.0 to 12.4

0.9 to 4.9

0.1 to 0.8U.S. percent

is 0.9


One Race:

People indicatingexactly one race, AIAN, as a percent of total population by state

People indicatingexactly one race, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), as a percent of total population by county

70.0 to 94.2

50.0 to 69.9

25.0 to 49.9

12.5 to 24.9

5.0 to 12.4

0.9 to 4.9


is 0.9





0 100 Miles


33.9 to 44.6

25.7 to 33.8

20.2 to 25.6


One Race:

50.0 to 100.0

40.0 to 49.9

33.9 to 39.9

25.7 to 33.8

20.0 to 25.6

0.0 to 19.9

Percent of people indicating exactly one race, AIAN, who are under age18 by state

Percent of people indicating exactlyone race, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN),who are under age 18 by county

Fewer than 100people in county indicating one race, AIAN


U.S. percent under 18for AIAN is 33.9

Low proportion ofAIAN are young

High proportion ofAIAN are young


U.S. percent under18 for AIAN is 33.9American Indian and

Alaska Native




0 100 Miles


100,000 to 333,400

50,000 to 99,999

10,000 to 49,999

1,713 to 9,999


One Race:

50,000 to 76,990

10,000 to 49,999

5,000 to 9,999

1,000 to 4,999

100 to 999

0 to 99

Number of peopleindicating one race, AIAN, by state

Number of people indicating exactly one race, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN),by county




0 100 Miles


60.1 to 91.2

50.0 to 60.0

14.2 to 49.9

U.S. percentis 60.1

Percent of American Indian and Alaska Native Population Indicating One Race, 2000

99.0 to 100.0

95.0 to 98.9

86.1 to 94.9

60.1 to 86.0

45.6 to 60.0

20.0 to 45.5

0.0 to 19.9

U.S. percentis 60.1

People indicating one race, AIAN, as a percent of those indicating one or more races including AIAN by state

People indicating one race, American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN), as a percent of those indicating one or more races including AIAN by county

No AIAN population in county




0 100 Miles



American Indian and Alaska Native;White

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black or African American

American Indian and Alaska Native;Asian

American Indian and Alaska Native;Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander

American Indian and Alaska Native;Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Asian

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Asian

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Asian; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;Asian; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Native Hawaiian and Other PacificIslander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Asian

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Asian; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Asian; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Asian; Native Hawaiian and OtherPacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Asian; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;Black; Asian; Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander; Some other race

American Indian and Alaska Native;White; Black; Asian; Native Hawaiianand Other Pacific Islander; Some otherrace

One or More Races Including American Indian and Alaska Native

Percent changeby statePercent Change, 1990 to 2000

American Indian andAlaska Native

200.0 or more

110.3 to 199.9

26.4 to 110.2

0.0 to 26.3

-10.0 to -0.1



No change


200.0 or more

110.3 to 199.9

35.0 to 110.2


Fewer than 100people in countyindicating one ormore racesincluding AIANin 2000


Percent change 1990 to 2000by county: People indicatingAmerican Indianand Alaska Native(AIAN) in 1990 and peopleindicating oneor more racesincluding AIANin 2000


Gain of 200percent or more




0 100 Miles


19.0 (AK)

5.0 to 12.4

1.5 to 4.9


is 1.5

Mapping Census 2000: The Geography of U.S. Diversity

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