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Mapping & Auditing Multiple Uses of Water Services in Krishna Western Delta, AP, India using

MASSMUS Methodology

Dr K Yella Reddy, FIEDirector (A&R)

Water and Land Management Training & Research InstituteGovernment of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, India

World >>> India>>>Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh 27.4 m ha geographical area90 million population70% depends on agriculture1300 cu m per capita

availability3 million pump sets

MATHADIVAGU PROJECT

PEDDAVAGU (NEELWAI) PROJECT

GOLLAVAGU PROJECT

RALIVAGU PROJECT

POLAVARAM PROJECT

MUSURUMILLI RESERVOIR SCHEME

PUSHKARAM LI SCHEMETADIPUDI LI SCHEME

ALISAGAR LISGUTHAPA LIS

RNAGARJUNASAGAR

PRAKASAMBARRAGE

SACB

ORISSA

CHATTISGRAH

MAHARASTRA

SRSP

NIZAM SAGAR

DUMMUGUDEM HE PROJECT

GLIS

YELLAMPALLY LIS

PULICHINTALA PROJECT

JURALA PROJECT

BHIMA LIS

THOTAPALLI BARRAGE

PEDDAGEDDARESERVOIR

TARAKARAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM

JANJAVATHI RESERVOIR

VAMSHADHARA PROJECTINCHAMPALLI PROJECT

SINGAREDDYPALLI HEP

A N D H R A P R A D E S H

GUNDLAKAMMA RESERVOIR SCHEME

RIVERSRISAILAM

BARRAGE

TAMIL NADU

POLAVARAM PROJECT

PUSHKARAM LI SCHEME

TADIPUDI LI SCHEME

GUNDLAKAMMA RESERVOIR SCHEME

VAMSHDHARA PROJECT

HANDRI NIVA SUJALA SRAVANTHI

GALERU NAGARI SUJALA SRAVANTHI

KALWAKURTHY LIS

NETTEMPADU LIS

THOTAPALLI RESERVOIR SCHEME

BHIMA LIS

PULICHINTALA

ALISAGAR LI SCHEME

GUTHPA LI SCHEME

VELIGONDA PROJECT

MUSURIMILLI RESERVOIR SCHEME

MAJOR PROJECTSMEDIUM PROJECT

PEDDAVAGU (NEELWAI) PROJECTMATTADIVAGU PROJECTGOLLAVAGU PROJECTRALIVAGU PROJECTPEDDAGEDDA RESERVOIR SCHEMEKOMARAM BHEEM PROJECTJHANJAVATHI PROJECTTARAKA RAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM

VELIGONDA PROJECT

KLIS

HNSSKC CANAL

SOMASILA PROJECT

PULIVENDULA Br Canal

PENDING PROJECTSIN KRISHNA, GODAVARI AND OTHER BASINSKrishna

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Accounting for rainfall Water Budget – Drainage In

Drainage input

• Nallamada drain is the more important for external inputs from the NSP CA.

• One point of measurement inside the KWD CACA.

• Discharge at this point was 1542 MCM 54 TMC [June 2008 May 2009]

• Conservative figure for external input taken as 1000 MCM 35 TMC

DrainageDischarge flow at Nallamada drainage

500

600

700

800

900

m3/

s

Annual = 1542 MCM 54 TMC

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

disc

harg

e

June 2008May 2009

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Water inputs

Gross command area : 272000 ha.Utilisable Rainfall : 800 mm

(out of 1070 mm average last 10 years)

i. Rainfall of 2176 MCM – 77 TMCi. Rainfall of 2176 MCM 77 TMCii. Irrigation actual 3400 MCM – 120 TMCiii. Drainage from upstream1000 MCM – 35TMC

Total 6576 MCM –232 TMC

Share of water use for different services in Krishna

Western Delta

Service Water use (MCM)

Water use (TMC)

Irrigation 1565.1 55.5Domestic water 76.2 2.7Fisheries 7.6 0.3Homestead garden 58.5 2.0Perennial vegetation 37.5 1.3Animals 47.8 1.7Environmental flows 115 4.1Total(Surface + Ground)

1914 67.6

Perennial natural vegetation , 37.5, 2%Homestead garden , 58.5,

3%Domestic water, 76.2, 4%

Animals , 47.8, 3%Fishery in large water

bodies , 7.6, 0%Environmental flows,

115.0, 6%

Fields (crops) , 1565.182%

WATER BALANCE in KWD, MCM, (%)

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Net water uses

Total Water Uses = 1914 MCM 67.6 TMC (irrigation, animals, domestic, perennial vegetation, environmental flow)

Water not used 4662 MCM 165 TMC

Calculated ground water recharge

• Drop of water table month after canal closure = 58 mm per day

• Clay-loam to Sandy-clay-loam : porosity 8%• Daily recharge = 58x0.08 = 4.6 mm day• Duration of recharge during Kharif paddy: 100 days.• Total cropped area: 220.000 ha • Volume = 4.6x100x220.000hax10 = 1012 MCM

35.7 TMC

Groundwater recharge

Groundwater recharge 1012 MCM 35.7 TMCpartition between: • containing salinity on the coastal strip 115

MCM 4 TMCMCM 4 TMC• beneficial for domestic use 10 %• NON BENEFICIAL (water logging & real

losses) = 796 MCM 28.1 TMC

Environmental flows, 25.00, 3%

Fishery in large water bodies , 103.54, 13%

Share of Values, Benefits in $US Million

Animals , 147.32, 18% Fields (crops) ,

512.23, 62%

Domestic water, 20.69, 3%

Homestead garden , 6.13, 1%

Perennial natural vegetation , 0.25,

0%

5

2 5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

US

in M

gt

Single Use Systems

Multi-purpose Systems KWD

Integration of MUS approach in Management

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Number of Services

Inte

grat

ion

of M

U

60%

80%

100%

Valu

e/B

enef

its

Crops Anim als

Dom es tic & Indus try (incl touris m ) Fis h

Hom es tead garden & natural vegetation Drainage, Flood control, trans port, environm ent

Power KWD

0%

20%

40%

Kim D

ong B

HH Viet

nam

Luon

g tai B

HH Viet

nam

Shaha

pur Karn

ataka

India

KWD A

P India

KOISP S

ri Lan

ka

Uda W

alawe S

ri Lan

ka

CACG Fran

ce

Zanghe

china

Fenhe S

hanxi

China

SCP Franc

e

Canal S

t Juli

en Fran

ce

Shar

e of

V

LAND & WATER PRODUCTIVITY

• Land Productivity has increased from 988$/ha in 2005 to 2300$/ha (Price 7.3 to 12.7 IRs kg + 73% and introduction of Maize)

• With approx the same input 2180 MCM in 2005• With approx the same input 2180 MCM in 2005 and 1956 MCM in 2009, water productivity has increased from 0.0914 $/m3 to 0.26 $/m3 in 2009.

COSTS INVOLVED TO PRODUCE SERVICES IN KWD

Budget Lakhs IRs

Special repairs, 79.27, 13%

Flood control , 7.78, 1%

staff, 230.92, 37%

O&M, 300, 49%

Budget = 280 Rs/year/ha 6.24 $/year/haTax collected = 110 Rs/year/haModernization works = 1366 Rs/year/ha

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WATER SAVING RICE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

Results of crop water management experiments in rice

Increase in yield : 8 – 28%

Reduction in water use: 33 – 60%

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Increase in water productivity: 61 – 167%

Irrigation Performance AssessmentKrishna Western Delta

• Water allocation should take into account crop water demand and average effective rainfall, based on 20-year average meteorological data.

• On an average, the following water savings can be achieved in Krishna Western Delta:Krishna Western Delta:

• Krishna Western Bank canal command: 40%• Nizampatnam canal command: 33%• Kommamur canal command: 55%• High Level canal command: 16%• Appapuram Main canal command: 22%

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Irrigation Efficiency on Monthly Basis in KWD

300,000,000

350,000,000

400,000,000

450,000,000

500,000,000

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Releases 2005 Average demand

Reclamation of Saline & Water Logged Lands

Pilot area after SSD installation

Water measurement structures

The existing structures have been designed to regulate the canal water and work properly.These structures are however completely unsuitable to quantify the amount of canal water released in major irrigation canals

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The VisionSystem : Sustainable intensive agriculture with

service oriented approach with a broadvision to derive assured water for Rabineeds

Basin : Water transfer from KWD water savingsto water deficit commands underproper state arrangements and withcompensation

With Holistic Cost effective Structural

and Management Modernization

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RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Focused study with recheck on the data collection andanalysis for further revalidation.

2. Modernization of hardware and management forsustainability of irrigated agriculture.

3. Effective management is the need of the hour for assuredwater supply for rabi needs to achieve 200% IrrigationIntensity.

4. Studies relating to equity in different parts of KWD tomonitor supply to tail ends

5. To establish relationships with other agencies to explorepotential development of schemes for waste water reuse.