OXIDOREDUCTASES 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.3 Homoserine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.8 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.9 D-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.10 l-Xylulose reductase 1.1.1.14 l-Iditol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.19 Glucuronate reductase 1.1.1.21 Aldehyde reductase 1.1.1.22 UDPglucose dehydrogenase 1.1.1.23 Histidinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.25 Shikimate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.27 Lactate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.29 Glycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.30 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.31 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.32 Mevaldate reductase 1.1.1.34 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) 1.1.1.35 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.39 Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.41 Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.1.1.44 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.1.1.45 l-Gulonate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.56 Ribitol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.79 Glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) 1.1.1.81 Hydroxypyruvate reductase 1.1.1.82 Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.1.1.85 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.86 Ketol-acid reductoisomerase 1.1.1.95 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase 1.1.1.102 3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase 1.1.1.105 Retinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.130 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.157 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.1.1.158 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.169 2-Dehydropantoate 2-reductase 1.1.1.204 Xanthine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.205 IMP-dehydrogenase 1.1.3.8 l-Gulonolactone oxidase 1.1.3.22 Xanthine oxidase 1.1.99.1 Choline dehydrogenase 1.1.99.5 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.7 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.2.1.8 Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.11 Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.12 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.13 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.2.1.16 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) 1.2.1.18 Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) 1.2.1.21 Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.23 2-Oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.2.1.24 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.25 2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.27 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) 1.2.1.31 l-Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.32 Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.36 Retinal dehydrogenase 1.2.1.41 Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.2.1.52 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 1.2.3.5 Glyoxylate oxidase 1.2.3.7 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase 1.2.4.1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.4.2 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 1.2.7.1 Pyruvate synthase 1.2.7.2 2-Oxobutyrate synthase 1.3.1.1 Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.3.1.2 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.8 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.9 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, B-specific) 1.3.1.13 Prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.3.1.14 Orotate reductase (NADH) 1.3.1.26 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase 1.3.1.35 Phosphatidylcholine desaturase 1.3.3.3 Coproporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase 1.3.5.1 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.3.99.1 Succinate dehydrogenase 1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.10 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.4.1.1 Alanine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.2 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1.4.1.7 Serine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.8 Valine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.4.1.9 Leucine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.10 Glycine dehydrogenase 1.4.1.14 Glutamate synthase (NADH) 1.4.1.19 Tryptophan dehydrogenase 1.4.3.1 d-Aspartate oxidase 1.4.3.2 l-Amino-acid oxidase 1.4.3.4 Amine oxidase (flavin-containing) 1.4.3.8 Ethanolamine oxidase 1.4.4.2 Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) 1.5.1.2 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1.5.1.3 Dihydrofolate reductase 1.5.1.5 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADP+) 1.5.1.6 Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1.5.1.7 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.8 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-lysine-forming) 1.5.1.9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.10 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, l-glutamate-forming) 1.5.1.12 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 1.5.3.1 Sarcosine oxidase 1.5.99.1 Sarcosine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.2 Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase 1.5.99.8 Proline dehydrogenase 1.6.4.1 Cystine reductase (NADH) 1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1.6.6.1 Nitrate reductase (NADH) 1.6.6.2 Nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.3 Nitrate reductase (NADPH) 1.6.6.4 Nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] 1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 1.7.3.3 Urate oxidase 1.7.7.1 Ferredoxinnitrate reductase 1.7.99.4 Nitrate reductase 1.8.1.3 Hypotaurine dehydrogenase 1.8.1.4 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 1.8.2.1 Sulfite dehydrogenase 1.8.3.1 Sulfite oxidase 1.8.7.1 Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) 1.8.99.1 Sulfite reductase 1.8.99.2 Adenylsulphate reductase 1.9.3.1 Cytochrome-c oxidase 1.10.2.1 l-Ascorbatecytochrome-b5 reductase 1.10.2.2 Ubiquinolcytochrome-c reductase 1.10.3.3 l-Ascorbate oxidase 1.10.99.1 Plastoquinolplastocyanin reductase 1.13.11.1 Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.2 Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase 1.13.11.6 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase 1.13.11.11 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 1.13.11.20 Cysteine dioxygenase 1.13.11.21 -Carotene 15,15-dioxygenase 1.13.11.27 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 1.13.11.34 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 1.13.99.1 myo-lnositol oxygenase 1.14.11.1 g-Butyrobetaine dioxygenase 1.14.11.2 Procollagen-proline dioxygenase 1.14.11.8 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase 1.14.12.1 Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) 1.14.13.5 Imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.13.11 trans-Cinnamate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.12 Benzoate 4-monooxygenase 1.14.13.39 Nitric oxide synthase 1.14.16.1 Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase 1.14.16.2 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase 1.14.16.4 Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1.14.17.1 Dopamine -monooxygenase 1.14.18.1 Monophenol monooxygenase 1 14.99.1 Prostaglandin synthase 1 14.99.5 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1.14.99.7 Squalene monooxygenase 1.14.99.25 Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase 1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1.18.6.1 Nitrogenase TRANSFERASES 2.1.1.1 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.2 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.3 Thetinhomocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.4 Acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.5 Betainehomocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.6 Catechol O-methyl transferase 2.1.1.10 Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.13 5-Methyltetrahydrofolatehomocysteine S-methyl transferase 2.1.1.14 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.1.1.17 Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.20 Glycine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.28 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.45 Thymidylate synthase 2.1.1.71 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.2.1 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase 2.1.2.2 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.3 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxamide formyltransferase 2.1.2.5 Glutamate formiminotransferase 2.1.2.10 Aminomethyl transferase 2.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase 2.1.3.2 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase 2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2.1.4.1 Glycine amidinotransferase 2.2.1.1 Transketolase 2.2.1.2 Transaldolase 2.3.1.1 Amino-acid N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.4 Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.5 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.6 Choline O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.8 Phosphate acetyltransferase 2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.12 Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase 2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.23 Lysolecithin acyltransferase 2.3.1.24 Sphingosine N-acyltransferase 2.3.1.30 Serine O-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.37 5-Aminolevulinate synthase 2.3.1.38 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase 2.3.1.39 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonytransferase 2.3.1.41 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2.3.1.46 Homoserine O-succinyltransferase 2.3.1.50 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase 2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2.3.1.76 Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase 2.4.1.1 Phosphorylase 2.4.1.9 Inulosucrase 2 4.1.11 Glycogen (starch) synthase 2.4.1.13 Sucrose synthase 2.4.1.16 Chitin synthase 2.4.1.17 Glucuranosyltransferase 2.4.1.21 Starch synthase 2.4.1.22 Lactose synthase 2.4.1.23 Sphingosine -galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.29 Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) 2.4.1.32 Glucomannan 4--mannosyltransferase 2.4.1.33 Alginate synthase 2.4.1.47 Acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.62 Ganglioside galactosyltransferase 2.4.1.68 Glycoprotein 6-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.1.69 Galactoside 2-a-l-fucosyltransferase 2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.2 Pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase 2.4.2.4 Thymidine phosphorylase 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.9 Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.10 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.11 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.15 Guanosine phosphorylase 2.4.2.17 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.18 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase 2.4.2.19 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase (carboxylating) 2.4.99.1-11 Sialyltransferases 2.4.99.7 Sialyltransferase 2.5.1.1 Dimethylallyltranstransferase 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase 2.5.1.10 Geranyltranstransferase 2.5.1.16 Spermidine synthase 2.5.1.19 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase 2.5.1.21 Farnesyltransferase 2.5.1.22 Spermine synthase 2.5.1.29 Farnesyltranstransferase 2.5.1.32 Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyl transferase 2.6.1.Transaminases 2.6.1.1 Aspartate transaminase 2.6 1.2 Alanine transaminase 2.6.1.4 Glycine transaminase 2.6 1.5 Tyrosine transaminase 2.6 1.6 Leucine transaminase 2.6.1.9 Histidinol-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.13 Ornithineoxo-acid transaminase 2.6.1.16 Glutaminefructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2.6.1.17 Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase 2.6.1.18 -Alaninepyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.19 4-Aminobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.22 l-3-Aminoisobutyrate transaminase 2.6.1.23 4-Hydroxyglutamate transaminase 2.6.1.27 Tryptophan transaminase 2.6.1.32 Valine3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase 2.6.1.36 l-Lysine 6-transaminase 2.6.1.39 2-Aminoadipate transaminase 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase 2.6.1.44 Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 2.6.1.51 Serinepyruvate transaminase 2.6.1.52 Phosphoserine transaminase 2.6.1.66 Valinepyruvate transaminase 2.7.1.1 Hexokinase 2.7.1.2 Glucokinase 2.7.1.3 Ketohexokinase 2.7.1.4 Fructokinase 2.7.1.6 Galactokinase 2.7.1.7 Mannokinase 2.7.1.11 6-Phosphofructokinase

P O L Y S A C C H A R I D E S

GLYCOPROTEINS GANGLIOSIDES MUCINSAcNH CHOH CHOH

HYALURONIC ACID PEPTIDOCHITIN GLYCAN CH OH2

DERMATAN

CHONDROITINO COO -

BLOOD GROUP ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS STARCH SUBSTANCES PECTIN INULIN CELLULOSE2.4.1.68 2.4.1.69 1.1.1.132O CH3 HO HO OPPG OH HO CH3 O OPPT OH OH CH3

GLYCOGENHO CH2OH O O OH OH OH OH OH CH2OH O NH

CONH 2 CH2COO OH

COO O O O O

N

+

Ribose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)+

N

+

O O

O+ N

COO

Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -AdenosineO

NICOTINATE2.4.2 .11N

COO

COO+ COO N RP

O

O

Indoleacetate(Auxin)1.2.3.7CH2CHO

IndoxylHO NH

NH

NAD(P)NH

6.3.5.1 6.3.1.5HO NH CH 2CH2NH 2

Desamino-NADHO

2.7.7.18

COO OPC

CH2OHHO

2.4.99.7

6.3.2.7-10 6.3.2.13 HO OCH3CH COO-

NicotinatenucleotideCH3O NH

Ribose- P

2.4.2.19CH 2CH2NHCOCH 3

QuinolinatenucleotideN

OPPU NHAC

2.4.1.17

HO

OH

OPPU OH

2.4.1.29 2.4.1.21 2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO etc. 2.4.1.21

UDP-N-Ac-MuramateCH2OH O COO HO

UDPIduronate5.1.3.12COO HO OH O

CMP-N-Acetyl neuraminateAcNH O CHOH CHOH CH2OH COO OH 2.7.7.43

GDP-Fucose4.2.1.47CH2OH O

GDPMannuronate

TDP-RhamnoseO OPPT OH

CH2OH O OH

LACTOSE

+ CH2CH(NH3)COO

2.4.2.19

CH2CH2NHCOCH 3

COO COO

5.1.3.13 O 2.4.1.33CH2OH O HO OH HO OH

OH OH

3.2.1.23 2.7.1.38

Indoleacetaldehyde4.1.1.43CH 2COCOO NH

NH

Indole1.14.16.4

5-Hydroxytryptophan+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO CHO

4.1.1.28

5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5 N-Acetyl-serotonin(SEROTONIN)+ COCH2CH(NH 3)COO OH NH2 COO OH NH2

NH

2.1.1.4

N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin(MELATONIN)COO OCH NH2 COO

Quinolinate

OH

2.4.1.16OH OPPU NHCOCH 3

HO OH HO OPPG

3.1.3.29

1.1.1.158

CH2OH O

HO

N-Ac-NeuraminateCH2OP O

(Sialate)

HO O CH2 C COO

OPPU NHAC

UDP-N-AcGalactosamineCOO O

OPPU OH

GDP-MannoseCH2OH O

TDP-4-Oxo6-deoxyglucose4.2.1.46

ADPGlucose

CH2OH O OH HO OH HO

GALACTOSEOPPU

+ CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO NH2

2.7.1.6

HO

CH2OH O OH OP OH

4.1.99.1

Indolepyruvate2.4.1.2219 1. 4. 1.CH2CH 2NH2

Formylkynurenine1.13.11.11+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO NH

NH

3.5.1.9

Kynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy kynurenineC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH

3.7.1.3

UDPGalacturonateOPPU

2.7.7.13

MANNOSE2.7.1.7CH 2OP O

GDP-Glucose1.1.1.2 2

UDP-N-AcGlucosamine pyruvate N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P3.1.3.29 ACNH 4.1.3.20 HO OH OHCH2OH O CH2OH O

HO OH HO O P

2.7.7.27 2.7.7.34

UDP-Glucose Galactose-P2.7.7.9CH 2OH O HO OH HO HO 5.1.3.2 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12 OH

5.1.3.7HO OH OH

5.1.3.6

Mannose-1-P5.4.2.8

TDP-Glucose2.7.7.24

CH 2OH O OPPU OH

TryptamineOC P OCH 2 CH2 COO

NH

4.1.1.28

TRYPTOPHANHO COO OH OH

4.2.1.20

N

Indole-3-glycerol-PCOO HO OH

H

1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino) 1-deoxyribulose-5-PCOO

COO HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP CH N

4.1.1.45 3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-Amino-3-carboxy 2-Aminomuconateanthranilate muconate semialdehyde 6-semialdehyde COO H H CatecholNH C C CH CH2OP OH OH COO NH2

OCH NH2 COO

A R O M A T I C A M I N O A C I D S

1.2.1.32 1.14.12.1OOC OOC CH 2COCOO NH 2

H

4.1.1.48

N-(5-P-Ribosyl) anthranilateCOO CH2

O

2.4.2.18

Anthranilate4.1.3.27 5.4.99.5OOC

UDP-GlucuronateCH2OH O CH2OP O OP NHCOCH 3 5.4.2.3 HO OH OH

COO OH OH

COO

2-Amino muconate

4.1.3.20OPPU

HO OH HO OH

H E X O S E S

ACNH HO OH OH

2.7.1.60HO OH NHAC HO OH

Mannose-6-P2.4.1.9

2.4.1.13

CH 2OP O HO OH OH NH2

OP

UDP-GalactoseCH2OH O

HOCH HCOH C

CH2

N-Ac-Mannosamine

5.1.3.14

UDP-N-Ac-GlucosamineCOO O

2.7.7.23OH

N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-POH OH OH OH OP HO OHOH

N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-PH H C OH C CO CH2OH

NHCOCH 3

Glucose-1-P

3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate-7-PO -OOC O CH2COO

H

OH

4.6.1.3O

O

Dehydroquinate

4.2.1.10

O

DehydroshikimateCH2COO

1.1.1.25

Shikimate

OH

P O

2.7.1.71

OH

CH2COCOO

Shikimate-3-P PEP

OH

OH

P O

2.5.1.19

Shikimate-5 4.6.1.4 enolpyruvate 3-P+

OH

O-C-COO

Chorismate+

OH

OC-COO

PrephenateCH2COCOO

OH

CH2CH(NH3) COO

CH2CH(NH3) COO

2.3.15.3.1.8

.4

OH H HOCH 2 C H C

OH OH C C H

HOCH 2 C

Glucosamine-6-P3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48

HO OHOH

OH

COO -

OH OH H

HO OH

OH OH

HO OH

GulonateOH H C H C

OH H

1.1.1.19OH OH C H O C H CO

GlucuronateOH H C H C HOCH 2

1.13.99.1OH C H O CO CO

InositolHOCH 2 C H

3.1.3.25OH H C

Inositol-PC CO

OH

Fructose1.1.1.14H H C OH H C C CH2OH OH

SUCROSE5.5.1.4

GLUCOSE5.4.2.2 3.1.3.9 2.7.1.2 2.7.1.1

Fumaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate acetoacetate acetoacetateCHOHCH 2NHCH 3 OH CHOHCH 2NH2 OH

COO

O CH2COO

4.2.1.51 1.3.1.13

2.7.1.15 2.7.1.16 2.7.1.17 2.7.1.19 2.7.1.24 2.7.1.25 2.7.1.28 2.7.1.30 2.7.1.31 2.7.1.32 2.7.1.33 2.7.1.34 2.7.1.36 2.7.1.39 2.7.1.40 2.7 1.47 2.7.1.53 2.7.1.60 2.7.1.71 2.7.1.80 2.7.1.82 2.7.1.107 2.7.2.3 2.7.2.4 2.7.2.6 2.7.2.11 2.7.3.2 2.7.4.2 2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.8 2.7.4.9 2.7.4.14 2.7.6.1 2.7.7.3 2.7.7.4 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.7 2.7.7.9 2.7.7.10 2.7.7.12 2.7.7.13 2.7.7.14 2.7.7.15 2.7.7.18 2.7.7.23 2.7.7.24 2.7.7.27 2.7.7.34 2.7.7.41 2.7.7.43 2.7.8.1 2.7.8.2 2.7.8.3 2.7.8.5 2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11 2.8.3.5 2.8.3.6

OH

1.13.11.27

Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate 1.3.1.13OH

OH

2.6.1.5+

OH

TYROSINE

1.14.16.1

PHENYLALANINE1.3.1.134.1 .1.2 5CH2CH2NH2

2.6.1.5 4.3.1 .5

Phenylpyruvate

CH2CH2NH2

CH2CH(NH3) COOOH

CH=CHCOO

3.1.1.18 HOCH 2

OH OH C OHOCH 2 C CH2OP O

1 1.1.1.2

ATP

Epinephrine(Adrenaline)

OH

2.1.1.28

Norepinephrine(Noradrenaline)6 .1. 2.1

OH

1.14.17.1

Dopamine -Tocopherol(Vitamin E)

OH

4.1.1.28 1.14.18.1O

DopaH2 C CH-COO + NH3

OH

1.14.16.2

UbiquinoneO O

+ CH2CH(NH3) COO

Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone1.1.1.45OH H C OH OH HOCH 2 C H CO C COOH OH H C OH H HOCH 2 C CO CO COO -

ASCORBATEOH H HOCH2 C H C CO O

1.10.2.1 1.10.3.3CO

OH OH H

2.6.1.16O

Tyramine

OH

Cinnamate Menaquinone1.14.13.11CH=CHCOO

Sorbitol2.7.1.3H POCH2 C H C OH H C C COO -

2.7

CO

.1. 4

HO OH OH

ADP

CHOHCH 2NH2 OCH 3 OH

HN

1.1.1.49

P E N T O S E S

3-DehydrogulonateOH H HOCH 2 C H C OH C CHO

1.1.1.130H

2, 3-DioxogulonateH C OH C CHO H HOCH 2 C H C

DehydroascorbateCO CH 2OH H H C

7 .1.1 3.1

P-Glucono lactone

Glucose-6-P5.3.1.9

CH2 OP O OH OH

I O

I

CH(OH)COO OCH 3

HO OH

Normetepinephrine(Normetadrenaline)

CHOHCH 2OH OCH 3 OH

Coumarate

NADP +5.3.1.8

OH

HOCH 2

C

OH H

L-XyloseOH H HOCH 2 C H C H C OH OH

4.1.1.34CH2OH

D-Arabinose 5.3.1.3 D-RibuloseOH H HOCH 2 C H C OH CO CH 2OH POCH2 OH H C H C OH CO

OH OH H

OH OH

OH C CO

2.7.1.47

HOCH 2 C

CH2OP

OH OH H OH 6-P-Gluconate NADPH

4-OH-3-MethoxyD-mandelateCH2OP O NHCOCH 2NH2 H 2C OC NH CHO NH RP

4 .3. 1.4

Dopaquinone Plastoquinone

O

O ONH

OH

IOH

I

4-OH-3-MethoxyphenylglycolNH H 2C HN C CHO NH RP

1.14.18.1

MELANIN

THYROXINEOOC-CH-CH 2COO HNCO C N

LIGNIN

TanninsO C

Plant Pigments

NADP +

CH2OH HOCH 2

Fructose-1-PH H H

OH OH H

1.1.1.44 5.1.3.1H H C CO CH2OH H POCH 2 C H

H

H C

HO C CO CH2OH

2.2.1.1

POCH2 C

L-ArabitolHOCH 2 C H C H

L-XyluloseH CHO HOCH 2 C OH H C C OH

2.7.1.53CH 2OH

NADPH

L-Xylulose-5-PH HOCH 2 C OH H C C OH OH H OH OH

C

C

C

CH2OH POCH2

Fructose-6-P ATPC CHO

OH OH H

OH OH H C OH

OH OH OH

CHO

RibitolH H C

C

Glycinamideribosyl-P6.3.4.13

OH OH

HC H 2N C

N CH N

OOC

N C C CH N RP

2.1.2.2

Formyl Formyl glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R PH2NCONH 2

6.3.5.3

6.3.3.1

5-Amino imidazole-R POC C N H NH H NH CO HN OC

RP

4.1.1.21 5-Amino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6

H2 N

H 2N

C

CH

H 2N

C

N CH RP O C C NH C

N

carboxylate-R PHN O C N

5-Amino-4-imidazole (N-succinylcarboxamide)-R PHN HC O C N N C C CH NH

RP

4.3.2.2

5-Aminoimidazole carboxamide-R P2.1.2.3

H 2N

C N

OH OH

L-ArabinoseOH H HOCH 2 C H C H C OH OH

5.3

1.1.1.10.1. 4HOCH 2

OH H OH OH C H C H

Xylitol

2.7.1.47

D-XylosePOCH2 C H H C H OH CO CH OH 2

H C CHO

D-Ribulose-5-P5.1.3.1H POCH 2 C OH C CO CH 2OH

3.1.3.11

2.7.1.11

HOCH 2 C

Erythrose-4-PPOCH 2

OH OH

ADPHO C CO CH2OP CH2OP O

Urea

H 2NOC

COO C N H H

NH2 CONH

H2 NOC

O

H2 N HCO

N CH N RP

C A T E C H O L A M I N E S

Ribokinase Ribulokinase Xylulokinase Phosphoribulokinase Dephospho-CoA kinase Adenylylsulfate kinase Triokinase Glycerol kinase Glycerate kinase Choline kinase Pantothenate kinase Pantetheine kinase Mevalonate kinase Homoserine kinase Pyruvate kinase D-Ribulokinase l-Xylulokinase N-Acylmannosamine kinase Shikimate kinase Pyrophosphateserine phosphotransferase Ethanolamine kinase Diacylglycerol kinase Phosphoglycerate kinase Aspartate kinase Formate kinase Glutamate 5-kinase Creatine kinase Phosphomevalonate kinase Adenylate kinase Nucleoside-phosphate kinase Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase Guanylate kinase dtmp kinase Cytidylate kinase Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase Sulfate adenylyl transferase RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) UTPglucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UTPhexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase UDP glucosehexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase Glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase N-Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase Ethanolamine phosphotransferase Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase Ceramide cholinephosphotransferase CDPdiacylglycerolglycerol-3phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerolserine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDPdiacylglycerolinositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase 3-Oxoacid CoA-transferase 3-Oxoadipate CoA-transferase

C N H

NH C C CO NH

H C

H C

3.5.3.4

CHO

CO CH2OH

L-Lyxose

L-Ribulose1.1.1

2.7.1.16

D-Ribose5.1.3.4

OH OH OH

L-Ribulose-5-PHOCH 2 C C CO CH2OH OH H

5.3.1.6

OH OH H

4.1.2.-

.9

D-Xylulose

2.7.1.17

D-Xylulose-5-P2.7 .1. 15

OH H

2.2.1.2

Fructose1:6-bis-P

NH2

4 .1. 2.6 .10 1 20 .4. 1 1. 1.

GLYCINEO

CH2(NH3)COO

+

AllantoateNNH2

3.5.2.5

AllantoinO O O

1.7.3.3N NH2

URATEN CH N

1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22 Hypoxanthine 1.1.3.22 Xanthine

C CH C OC NH NH

3.2.2.2

Inosine2.4.2.1

3.1.3

.5

Formylamidoimidazolecarboxamide-R P3.5.4.10HN HC O C N N C C CH N RP

NCH

O P O O

HC

H POCH 2 C

H C

H C CHO POCH2

H C

H C

H OH C C CO CH2OP

P-Ribosyl amine4.1.2.13

OH OH

Glyoxylate

Sarcosine

2. OOCCH 2NHCH3

N CH2 O

N

N -O P~O P~O P O CH 2 O O O O

HC

NH2 N C N C CH C HC N RP(P) N

OOC-CH-CH 2COO

Fumarate(AMP)

OH

1.5.99.2OOCCH 2N(CH3)2

1.4.4.2

Cyclic AMP

4.6.1.1

ATPd-ADP2.7.4.6

2.7.4.6

OH OH

ADP

2.7.4.3 2.7.4.4

ADENOSINE-P Adenine

4.3.2.2

NH N C C N CH C HC NH RP N

Aspartate6.3.4.4 3.1.4.6 2.4.2.1

INOSINE-P(IMP)HN O C N N C C CH N RP

1.17.4.1

Adenylosuccinate3.5.4 .3

1.1.1.205 OC

P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

Chlorophyll Pheophytin

PHOTOSYSTEM II

2H

+

Chloroplast Stroma PHOTOSYSTEM I

D-Ribose-5-PADP+Pi3.6.1.34

OH OH OH

Dimethylglycine2.1.1.5OOCCH2N(CH3)3+

Sedoheptulose-PP2.2.1.1POCH 2CHOHCHO

OH OH OH H

2.7.7

.7

DNA RNAO C

2.7.7.72.7.7.7

d-GTP d-CTP GTP TTP 2.7.2.7 .7. 6

2.4.2.15

d-GDP2.7.4.6

XANTHOSINE-P(XMP)2.4.2 .16.3.4.1 6.3.5.2HN H2 N C O C N N C C CH N RP

H

P U R I N E S

Ferredoxin2e*

ATP

4.1.2.13

Betaine1.2.1.8+

d-ATP2.1.2.1

2e*

3H+

PQ

Cyt.

b

3.6.1.3

2e* 2H+

Mn

e-

PQH2Thylakoid Membrane2H+

Dihydroxyacetone-P(Glycerone-P)

HOCH2CO CH2OP

2.2.1.1

.1 5.3.15.3.1

3-P-Glyceraldehyde.1

Pi

Pi NAD+1.2.1.12

2.4.2.14 6.3.4.7

OHCCH 2N(CH3)3

Betaine aldehyde1.1.99.1

FOLIC ACID C1 POOL4.1.2.5

ATP0 4.2.1.2

2.7.7.6

2.7 .72.7.7.6

1.1 7

.7

.4.1

Guanine GDP

2.7.4.8

2.7

.7.6O C

4.6

1.17.4

.1O C

GUANOSINE-P(GMP)NH2 C CH CH OC N DPN

fPC

P680

2H2O

3H 2H+ Tr P700 ns H ans located proto H H H+ ++

PC

+ NADP

2.7.1.28 1.2.1.13

+ HOCH2CH2N (CH3) 3

CH3 H2NCH 2 CHCOO

CH3 H2NCONHCH 2CHCOO

HN OC

+

H+ +

+

O2

Thylakoid LumenThylakoid Membrane

H

+

H + H + H H+

H

+

NADPH+H +H H C CO CH 2OP

GlyceraldehydeCH2OP O

HOCH 2CH(OH)CHO

CHOLINE2.6.1.51 1.4.1.7

NADH

HOCH2CH(NH3)COO

+

SERINE3.1.3.3

4.2.1.22 4.1.1.11

3-Aminoisobutyrate

3.5.1.62.

1.

-Ureido isobutyrate1. 13

3.5.2.2

Dihydro thymine3.5.2.2

CH-CH3 CH 2 NH

HN OC

C CH3 CH NH O C

TDP2.4.2.4O C

O

2.7

.4.9

HN OC

1.3.1.2

ThymineHN OC

C-CH3 CH 2.1.1.45 N DP

C

THYMIDINE-P2.4.2 .43.5.4.1O C

CH HN CH OC N DP 3.5.4.12

d-UMP

d-CMP

2.7.4.14

d-CDP

HNH2NCONHCH 2CH 2COO

Mg

++

POCH 2 C

2.7.6.1OH OH

Chloroplast Stroma

Ribulose-1:5-bis-P Fixation CO24.1.1.39COO HO HO COO

OH OH

OP O P

1:3-bis-P-GlycerateADP2.7.2.3

POCH 2CHOHCOOP

H2NCH 2CH2COO

HOCH2COCOO

-Alanine

3.5.1.6

P-Ribosyl-PP

Hydroxypyruvate

+ P OCH2CH(NH3)COO

-OOC NH2 CH2 OC CH-COO N

Carbamoyl -alanineHN OC O C

DihydrouracilHN OC O C

CH2 CH2 OC NH

1.3.1.2

UracilO C N

N H

CH CH

CH2

O2COO

ATPOH COO HO O OH

1.1.1.29

Phosphoserine2.6.1.52

Carbamoyl aspartate2.6.1.22H H C H C H C

H

3.5.2.3

URIDINEDihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP 4.1.1.23 (UMP) 2.7.4.4 2.4.2.10 2.7.4.6 triphosphate orotate 1.3.1.14(UTP)H P OCH 2 C H C H C H C NH2 N OC C NH CH C HC N N H P OCH 2 C H C CO CH2 N NH C CH C HC N N RP CONH 2

CH-COO NH

CH C-COO NH

HN OC

CHC-COO RP

CH HN OC N CH RP

2.4.2.9

HN OC

CH CH N RPPP

O C

CytosineN OC

NH 2 C CH N CH OC NH

1.17.4.1NH 2

CDP

C

N

CH 2.7.4.6 CH

6.3.4.2

RPPP

CYTIDINEtriphosphate(CTP)H H C C C H CH N

P Y R I M I D I N E S

Linoleate1.3.1.35

1.14.99.25COO COSCoA

-Linolenate

Arachidonate 1.13.11.341.1CO-S-ACP

5.3

L I P I D B I O S Y N T H E S I S

4.9

9.1

.99

O

Leukotriene B4COO

.3HO OH

3-P-Glycerate2.7.1.31

POCH2CHOH COO

1.1.1.95

P-Hydroxypyruvate2.4.2.17HC N

P OCH2COCOO

P OCH2 C

P-Ribosyl-ATPC CH 2CHCOO NH C H

OH OH O

3.6.1.31

NH2 N + C C N CH C HC N N RP(PP)

HYDROLASES 3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol lipase 3.1.1.4 Phospholipase A2 3.1.1.5 Lysophospholipase 3.1.1.7 Acetylcholinesterase 3.1.1.17 Gluconolactonase 3.1.1.21 Retinyl-palmitate esterase 3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase 3.1.1.31 6-Phosphogluconolactonase 3.1.1.32 Phospholipase A1 3.1.2.1 Acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.3 Succinyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.4 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.11 Acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 Acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.3.2 Acid phosphatase 3.1.3.3 Phosphoserine phosphatase 3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase 3.1.3.5 5-Nucleotidase 3.1.3.9 Glucose-6-phosphatase 3.1.3.11 Fructose-bisphosphatase 3.1.3.15 Histidinol-phosphatase 3.1.3.25 myo-Inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 3.1.3.27 Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase 3.1.3.29 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase 3.1.4.2 Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 3.1.4.3 Phospholipase C 3.1.4.4 Phospholipase D 3.1.4.10 1-Phosphatidylinositol phosphodieterase 3.1.4.12 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3.2.1.21 -Glucosidase 3.2.1.23 -Galactosidase 3.2.1.26 -Fructofuranosidase 3.2.1.45 Glucosylceramidase 3.2.1.46 Galactosylceramidase 3.2.1.48 Sucrose a-glucosidase 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase 3.3.1.1 Adenosylhomocysteinase 3.5.1.1 Asparaginase 3.5.1.2 Glutaminase 3.5.1.6 -Ureidopropionase 3.5.1.9 Arylformamidase 3.5.1.18 Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase 3.5.1.22 Pantothenase 3.5.1.23 Ceramidase 3.5.2.2 Dihydropyrimidinase 3.5.2.3 Dihydroorotase 3.5.2.5 Allantoinase 3.5.2.7 Imidazolonepropionase 3.5.2.10 Creatininase 3.5.3.1 Arginase 3.5.3.4 Allantoicase 3.5.3.6 Arginine deiminase 3.5.4.1 Cytosine deaminase 3.5.4.3 Guanine deaminase 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase 3.5.4.12 dCMP deaminase 3.5.4.19 Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase 3.6.1.3 Adenosinetriphosphatase 3.6.1.15 Nucleoside-triphosphatase 3.6.1.31 Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase 3.6.1.34 H+-transporting ATP synthase 3.7.1.2 Fumarylacetoacetase 3.7.1.3 Kynureninase 3.9.1.1 Phosphoamidase LYSASES 4.1.1.1 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 4.1.1.9 4.1.1.11 4.1.1.12 4.1.1.15 4.1.1.17 4.1.1.20 4 1.1.21 4.1.1.22 4.1.1.23 4.1.1.25 4.1.1.28 4.1.1.29 4.1.1.32 4.1.1.33 4.1.1.34 4.1.1.36 4.1.1.37 4.1.1.39 4.1.1.41 4.1.1.43 4.1.1.45 4.1.1.48 4.1.1.49 4.1.1.50 4.1.1.65 4.1.1.71 4.1.2.5 4.1.2.12 4.1.2.13 4.1.2.14 4.1.3.1 4.1.3.2 4.1.3.4 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.7 4.1.3.8 4.1.3.16 4.1.3.18 4.1.3.20 4.1.3.21 4.1.3.22 4.1.3.27 4.1.99.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.1.3 4.2.1.4 4.2.1.9 4.2.1.10 4.2.1.11 4.2.1.13 4.2.1.16 4.2.1.17 4.2.1.18 4.2.1.19 4.2.1.20 4.2.1.22 4.2.1.24 4.2.1.33 4.2 1.46 4.2.1.47 4.2.1.49 4.2.1.51 4.2.1.52 4.2.1.55 4.2.1.58 4.2.1.59 4.2.1.60 4.2.1.61 4.2.1.75 4.2.1.80 4.2.99.2 4.2.99.8 4.2.99.9 4.3.1.1 4.3.1.2 4.3.1.3 4.3.1.5 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 4.4.1.1 4.4.1.8 4.4.1.15 4.6.1.1 4.6.1.3 4.6.1.4 4.99.1.1

P-Ribosyl-AMPC NH CH + CH2CH(NH 3)COO

3.5.4.19

OH OH O

OH OH

P OCH 2 C

1.14.99.5

Oleoyl-CoA Stearoyl-CoACH3(CH2)14COS-ACP COSCoA

Palmitoleoyl-ACP Dehydrostearoyl-CoA Palmitoyl-CoA1.3.1.9 2, 1.3.1.10CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOS-CoA CH 3(CH2)14COSCoA CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA

Prostaglandin PGE 2CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH 2COS-CoA COS

5.3.99.5

Thromboxane B2CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA

OH-Stearoyl-CoA

Oxostearoyl-CoAMitochondrial

2, 3-Diphosphoglycerate

POCH2CH(O P) COO

5.4.2.1

HOCH2CH(OH) COO

Glycerate

Carnosine4.1.1.22

NHCOCH 2CH2NH2

HC N

HC N

C NH CH

P-Ribulosylformimino P-Ribosylformimino 5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazolecarboxamide-R P carboxamide-R P + ++ CH2CH(NH 3)CHO HC N C CH 2CH(NH 3)CH2OH HC N C

RP

OH OH HN

Imidazole glycerol-PHC N C H C NH CH2COCH 2OP

CH2CH(NH 3)CH2OP

CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA

Endoplasmic Reticulum

ACETATE

CH 3COO

HISTIDINE4.3.1.3

1.1.1.23

HistidinalOOC HN

1.1.1.23

HistidinolOC N

NH CH

3.1.3.15

Histidinol-P

NH CH

4.2.1.19

2.6.1.9CH N C

Palmitoyl-ACP ACYL-ACPCH3(CH2)6CH2CH 2COSACP

Chain elongation4.2.1.60 4.2.1.61CH 3(CH2)n CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

3-Enoyl-ACP

3-OH-Acyl-ACP

1.1.1.100

3-Oxoacyl-ACP

CH 3(CH2)n COCH 2COSACP

2-P-Glycerate4.2.1.11

HOCH2CH(O P)COO

Imidazole acetol-PCH CHCOO

HC

C C H NH

CH2CH2NH2

1.2.1.4

N

CHCH 2CH2COO NH CH

CHCH 2CH2COO NH CH

HISTAMINE

2.3.1.41

Decanoyl-ACP Hexanoyl-ACP Butanoyl-ACP

1.3.1

3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP.9

CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH 2COSACP CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP

ETHANOL1.1.1.1

CH3CH 2OH

4.2.1.6 CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSACP 3 2 6 2 0 1.1.1.1004 0 .2.1.6

2.1.3.2

2.3

Formimino glutamate

3.5.2.7

Imidazolone propionate

4.2.1.49

NH CH

4.3.1.3

Urocanate 2SO 4

3-OH-Decanoyl-ACPCH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSACP

3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP2.3.1.41

CH 3(CH2)6COCH 2COSACP

.1.3

0

+ CH2CO-OCH2CH(NH 3)COO

2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP 2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP Crotonoyl-ACP3.1.2.20CH3CH=CHCO-S-ACP CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCO-S-ACP

Acetylserine+ S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO + S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

HS

CH 3(CH2)2CH 2CH2COSACP

1.3.1.9

4.2.1.59

CH3CH=CHCO.S-ACP

3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-OH-Butanoyl-ACPCH2OH HOCH CH2 OHHOCH CH2O P

1.1.1.100

3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP Acetoacetyl-ACPCH3COCH 2COSACP

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSACP

P-enolpyruvateADP Malonyl-ACP2.3.1.392 .1. 3.7HOOCCH 2CO-S-ACP

CH2=C(OP ) COO

1.8.99.1

HSO3

1.8.99.2

Acetaldehyde HS4.1 1 .1.

CH3CHO

Phosphoadenylylsulphate(PAPS)4.2.1.22 4.4.1.8

2.7.1.25

Adenylylsulphate(APS)

2.7.7.4

1.2.1.32

4.2

.99 + .8 HSCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

2.3.1.41

CYSTINE4.4.1.15

1.6.4.1

CYSTEINE

4.4.1.1

+ CH2CH(NH 3)COO + SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.99.9

Cystathionine

+ HSCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

Homocysteine3.3.1.1

2.1.1.13 2.1.1.14

+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

METHIONINE+ CH 3 - SCH 2CH 2CH(NH 3)COO +

CH3CH2CH2COSACP

1.3.1.9

4.2.1.58

CH3CH(OH)CH 2COS-ACP

1.1.1.100 1.1.1.8

1.13.11.20+ HO 2SCH 2CH(NH 3 )COO

Adenosyl

R-CH2COO

CH2OH

CH3(CH2)n+2COS-CoA

6.2.1.3

FATTY ACID

2.3.1.41

ATP

2.7.1.404.4.1.15HSO3

Cysteine

+ HO3SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

Glutamate4.1 .1. 2

Cysteate9

S-Adenosyl homocysteineCH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCOO

+ SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

Adenosyl

2.5.1.6

2.1.1.10

ACYL-CoA(Cytosol)2.3.1.7

Glycerol2.3.1.153.1.1.3CH2O-CO-R CH2O-CO-R"

2.7.1.30

3-P-Glycerol

2.3.1.51CH2O-CO-R

KETONE BODIES Acetone 3-OH-ButyrateCH3COCH 3 CH3CH(OH)CH 2COO

HO2SCH 2COCOO

L I P I D D E G R A D A T I O N

Carnitine O-Acyl-carnitineO-Acyl-carnitine3.1.1.28CH3(CH2)n CH2CH2COSCoA

R-CO-OCH

CH2O-CO-R R-CO-OCH CH2OH

2.7.8.5

Malonyl-Co-ACH 3CO-S-ACP

HOOCCH 2CO-SCoA

PYRUVATE 1.2.4.1

CH3CO COO

1.4.1.1

2.6.1.24.1.3 .181.1 .1.2 7

+ CH3CH(NH3)COO

3-Sulphinyl pyruvate

sulphinate4.1.1.29

6.3.2 .2HO3SCH 2CH2NH2

2.1.1.20

4.1.1.50

R-CO-OCH CH2O P

4.1.1.4

1.1.1.30

Triacylglycerol

FAT

Diacyl 2.3.1.20 glycerol

3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107 Phosphatidate

Acetoacetate3.1.2.11CH3(CH2)n COCH 2COSCoA

CH3COCH 2COO

Acetyl-ACP2.3.1.38

4.1.1.9

2.3.1.12 1.8.1.4

ALANINE

Hypotaurine

HO2SCH 2CH2NH2

1.8.1.3

Taurine

-Glutamylcysteine6.3.2 .3

Glycine

4.1.2.5+ CH3CH(OH)CH(NH 3)COO

+ OOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.1.1.12 2.6.1.18CH3CH(OH)COO

Succinylhomoserine2.3.1.46CH3 CH3

CH2SH + OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCONHCH 2COO

ACYL-CoA(Mitochondria)

1.3.99.3

CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOSCoA

2, 3-Enoyl-CoA

CH3(CH n CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA 4.2.1.17

3-OH-Acyl-CoA

1.1.1.35

3-Oxoacyl-CoA

2.3.1.16CH 3 COSCoA

ATP GTP

LACTATE

THREONINE4.1.3 .18

+ POCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

4.2.99.2

O-Phospho- 2.7.1.39Homoserine homoserineCOO

+ HOCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO

Bile AcidsHCHO4.1.2.12CH3 + CHCH(NH 3)COO CH3

Glutathione

HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2COCOO

Oxopantoate

4.2

.1.

52

CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2COSCoA

Hexanoyl-CoACH3CH2CH2COSCoA

1.3.99.3

2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA Crotonoyl-CoA Pentenoyl-CoACH 2O-CO-R CH3CH2CH=CHCOSCoA CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCOSCoA

4.2.1.17

3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA 3-OH-Butanoyl-CoACH3CH2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA CH3CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA

1.1.1.35

3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA 3-Oxopentanoyl-CoAOHCCOO CH3CH2COCH 2COSCoA CH3COCH 2COSCoA

CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSCoA

2.3.1.16

ACETYL-CoA

1.2.1.18

Malonic semialdehyde

OHCCH 2COO

1.1.1.3 1.1.1.86

CH3

4.2.1.16CH3CH2COCOO

2-Acetolactate Oxobutyrate4.1 .3.1 8CH3 HOCH 2CHCOO

CH3COC(OH)CH 3

2-3-Dihydroxy isovalerateCH3

C (OH)CH(OH)COO CH3

CHCOCOO

1.1.1.169

4.2.1.9

2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 VALINE isovalerateCH3 CH3

2.6.1.32

2.3.1.94.1.3.5

1.2.1.25

Pantoate -Alanine 3.5.1.226.3.2.1

HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)COO

Butanoyl-CoA Odd C Fatty acids Pentanoyl-CoACH2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O CH2O-PO O OH OH CH 3CH2CH 2CH2COSCoA

1.3.99.2

4.2.1.55

1.1.1.157

3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoACH 2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O O CH2O POCMP

1.1.1.35

2.6.1.44.1.3.4

4 2.6.1.4

4.1.1.32

1.1.1.39OOCCOCH 2COO

Methylmalonyl semialdehyde2.3.1 .16

CH3 OHCCHCOO

1.1.1

.31

3-HydroxyisobutyrateCOO CH3COC(OH)CH 2CH3

3.1.2.4

3-HydroxyIsobutyryl-CoACH3

HOCH 2CHCOS-CoA-

4.2.1.17

Methyl acrylyl-CoACH3 CHCOCOO

CH2 = CCOSCoA

1.3.99.3

Isobutyryl-CoACH 3 + CHCH(NH 3)COO

CH3CHCO-SCoA

HOCH 2 C(CH3)2CH(OH)CO NHCH 2CH2COO

PANTOTHENATE2.7.1.33

R'-CO-OCH

1.3.99.7HO OH OH

-

Phosphatidyl inositol

PHOSPHATIDYL SERINEO

COO + CH 2O PO CH 2CHNH 3 O

2.7.7.41

Glyoxylate1.1.1.79 1.2.3.5HOCH 2COO

4.1.3.5CH2COO CH3C(OH)CH 2COSCoA

4.1.3.84.2.1.1 8CH2COO C(OH)COO CH2COO

2.7.8.8 2.7.8.11CH 2O-CO-R

Serine

InositolR'-CO-OCH

CDP-diacyl glycerolO

Glycolate1.2.1.21 2.7.8.5HOCH 2CHO

-OH--Methylglutaryl-CoA1.1.1.34CH2COO CH3C(OH)CH 2CHO

OXALOACETATE1.1.1.37OOCCH(OH)CH 2COO

4.2.1.9 2-Aceto-22-Oxo-3-methyl 2:3-Di-OHhydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate valerate butyrateCH3 CH 3 CH3COCHCOSCoA CH3CH(OH)CHCOSCoA CH3 CH3CH=CHCOSCoA

C(OH)CH(OH)COO CH3CH2

P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2COO

CH3CH2

2.6.1.32

CH3CH2

ISOLEUCINECH 3

COO P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCHCH 2SH

4-P-Pantothenate Cysteine 6.3.2.5

1.2.1.25

4-P-Pantothenylcysteine4.1.1.36

4.1.1.12 2.6.1.1 1.4.3.1CH 3CH2COSCoA

P H O S P H O L I P I D S

CH 2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O O

4.1.1.65

CH2O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O

CH2O-CO-R CH2O-PO CH 2CHOHCH 2OH

HOOC-COOH

O HCO-CO-R

Oxalate

4.1.3.7

MALATE4.2.1.2OOCCH=CHCOO

CH2 O-POCH 2CH(OH)CH 2 O-P-OCH 2 O O

+ CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O CH 2 O-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O 3.1.1.32 O R'-CO-OCH + + CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 CH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O O CH2OCH=CHR

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine CEPHALIN

+ CH 2O P OCH 2CH2 NH 3

Cardiolipin

-

OPhosphatidylglycerol

Glycol aldehyde1.4.3.8+ HOCH 2CH 2NH 3

CITRATE4.2.1.3HOOCCHO

4.1

2 .3.

Propanoyl-CoA2.1.3.1 4.1.1.41 5.1.99.1CH3

2-Methylaceto2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl1.1.1.35 1.3.99.3 acetyl-CoA hydroxyCoA butyryl-CoACOOH

CH3CH 2CHCOSCoA

P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH 2SH

4-P-Pantetheine2.7.7.3

2.7.8.1

CDP-EthanolamineCH2O-CO-R HOCH O

+ CPP- OCH 2CH2 NH3

2.7.7.14

Ethanolamine-PCH2OH HOCH O + CH2OPO CH2CH 2N(CH 3) O

+ POCH2CH2 NH3

Mevaldate1.1.1.32

FUMARATE1.3.5.1

6.4.1.3

COOH (CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO

2.7.1.82

GlyoxylateCHOHCOO CHCOO CH2COO

4.3

.1. 1+ OOCCH 2CH(NH 3)COO

(CH3)2CHC(OH)CH 2COO

EthanolamineCH3COCH 2CH2N(CH 3 )3

2-Isopropylmalate4.2.1.184.2.1.18

4.2.1.33

3-Isopropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleucine malate6.4.1.4

(CH3)2CHCH 2COCOO

+ (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH(NH 3)COO

2.6.1.6 1.4.1.9

LEUCINE1.2.1.25

ADP- OCH2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

Dephospho-Coenzyme A2.7.1.24

OOC-CH-COSCoA

2.1.1.17 2.1.1.71

- Lysolecithin

3.1.1.5

Glycerophosphocholine3.1.4.4 3.1.4.3+ P OCH 2CH2 N(CH 3)3

3.1

2 Acetylcholine CH C(OH)CH CH OH 3 2 2 .4.2 Mevalonate

CH COO

4.1.3.1

2.3.1.6

ISOCITRATE1.1.1.415-Amino levulinate

Choline plasmalogen 1.3.1.35 Serine + NH2.3.1.503 CH 3(CH2)14COCHCH 2OH

LECITHIN

+ CPP-O CH2CH2N(CH 3)3

2.7.8.2

Dehydrosphinganin Gangliosides

1.1.1.102

NHAcyl + CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O PO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 O

Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin 2.4.1.23 UDP-Sugars Acyl-CoA 3.5.1.23 2.4.1.62 UDP-Galactose ONHCOR

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CHCH 2OH

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

.3 2.7.8

CDP-choline

2.7.7.15

3.1.4.1

2

Choline-P

+ HOCH 2CH2N(CH 3)3

2.7.1.36 2.7.4.2CH2COO

CO2

SUCCINATE GTP 6.2.1.4GDP+Pi3.1.2.3

OOCCH 2CH2COO

ASPARTATE1.2.1 .165.1.99.1

Methylmalonyl-CoA2.7 .2. 4

CH3

1.1.1.3

3-Methylglutaconyl-CoAH C N

OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoAH2 CN

CH3 CH3C = CHCOSCoA

1.3.99.10

Isovaleryl-CoA

(CH3)2CHCH 2COSCoA

P-ADP- OCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH2SH

Coenzyme A+ NH3 OOCCH-CH 2CH2CH2CHCOO + NH 3

+ P OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO

2.7.1.32

CHOLINE

SUCCINYL-CoA1.2.4.2-OOCCOCH CH COO2 2

- OOCCH CH COSCoA 2 2

Aspartyl-P

1.2 .1.

+ NH 3 CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose

CH3C(OH)CH 2CH2OPP

Diphosphomevalonate4.1.1.33

5.4.99.24.1.1.71

11

6.3.5.4

PsychosineNHCOR

2.3.1.37

Acyl-CoA CerebrosideCH3 CH2

Glycine

2-OXOGLUTARATE NADH+H +NAD +

Aspartyl Succinic Semialdehyde semialdehydeOOCCH 2CH2CHO

+ OHCCH 2CH (NH3)COO

HC OOCC

CH 2 CH-COO

H 2C OOCC

CH2 CH-COO

OOCCH 2CH2CONH OOCCH 2CH2CONH OOCCOCH 2CH2CH2CH-COO OOCCHCH 2CH2CH 2CH-COO + NH3

A M I N O A C I D S

Pyruvate decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Acetoacetate decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Aspartate 1-decarboxylase Aspartate 4-decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Diaminopimelate decarboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase Tyrosine decarboxylase Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase Sulfoalanine decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase Dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase Aminocarboxymuconatesemialdehyde decarboxylase Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase Threonine aldolase Ketopantoaldolase Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2-Dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase Isocitrate lyase Malate synthase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase Citrate (si)-synthase ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase Acetolactate synthase N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase Homocitrate synthase Citramalate lyase Anthranilate synthase Tryptophanase Fumarate hydratase Aconitate hydratase Citrate dehydratase Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase 3-Dehydroxyquinate dehydratase Phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase) l-Serine dehydratase Threonine dehydratase Enoyl-CoA hydratase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine B-synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase Urocanate hydratase Prephenate dehydratase Dihydrodipicolinate synthase 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase 3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] dehydratase Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase Threonine synthase Cysteine synthase O-Succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase Aspartate ammonia-lyase Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase Histidine ammonia-lyase Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Argininosuccinate lyase Adenylosuccinate lyase Cystathionine g-lyase Cystathionine -lyase D-Cysteine desulfhydrase Adenylate cyclase 3-Dehydroquinate synthase Chorismate synthase Ferrochelatase

4.2.1.52

2, 3-Dihydrodipicolinate

1.3.1.26

Piperideine2, 6-dicarboxylate

+ H2NOCCH 2CH (NH3) COO

+ (CH3)3NCH2CH(OH)CH 2COO

Asparagine

Carnitine

OH + + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

N-Succinyl2-amino-6-oxopimelate6

2.6.1.17

N-Succinyl-2, 6 diaminopimelate

3.5.1.18

Diaminopimelate

1.14.11.1

SPHINGOMYELIN

-

2.7.8.3

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH

3.1.4.12

Ceramide

CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose

3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47 1.3.99.7

CH3C-CH2CH2OPP

2-AMINO ACIDIFe--S

+ R-CH(NH3) COO

2.6.1.19 1.3.99.7 4.1.1.70OOCCH 2CH 2CH2COSCoA

N -Trimethyl3-OH-lysine6

+ + (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO

+ + (H3N)(CH2)4 CH(NH 3)COO

1.14.11.8

N -Trimethyllysine

LYSINE

.7 5.1.1 0 .2 4.1.1 1.5.1.7 - 10

Isopentenyl-PP(C5)1.6.5.3

I S O P R E N O I D S S T E R O I D S P O R P H Y R I N S

Lycopene (C40)To Brain - VISION

Phytoene(C40)

Dimethylallyl-PP(C5)2.5.1.1CH 3 CH3

CH3C = CHCH 2OPP

FMN 4H 2H++

TR

2.6.1.-

Glutaryl-CoA

OOCCH 2CH2CH2COCOO

2-Oxoadipate

+ OOCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

AN

-CAROTENE (C40) Metarhodopsin1.13.11.21COO-

hv

2.5.1.32O CH3

2.5.1.29

RhodopsinCH3O CH3O

CH3C= CHCH 2 CH2C= CHCH 2OPP CH2OPP

4H

+

2e-

FMNH 2

SA

MI N

2-OXO ACIDAT IO N+ OOCCH 2CH 2CH (NH3) COO

R-CO-COO

4-Aminobutyrate(GABA)H2N(CH 2)3NH(CH2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

OOCCH 2CH2CH2NH2

2.6.1.39

2-Aminoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-Aminoadipate semialdehydeAdenosyl+

+ OHCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

COO NH CHCH 2CH2COO

+ CH 2CH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

1.5.1.9

Saccharopine

CH3-SCH 2CH2CHNH 2

2H+Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space

.1 4.12.7.2 .11

. 15

Spermine

S-Adenosylmethyl thiopropylamine(Decarboxylated SAM)

L E G CarbohydratesBiosynthesis

E

N

D

Geranyl-PP(C10)2.5.1.10

OpsinCHO

Retinoate1.2.1.36

O

Ubiquinone(Coenzyme Q)

n

Geranyl-geranyl-PP(C20)

IIUQ UQH2

1.3.5.1 Fe--S FAD

SUCCINATE FUMARATE

NO3 NO2 N2

_

GLUTAMATE1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14

+ POOCCH2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

2.5.1.22H2N(CH 2)4NH (CH2)3NH2

Degradation Degradation Degradation Degradation

trans-Retinal1.1.1.105

5.2.1.3

Light

11-cis-Retinal1.1.1.105

CHO

Menaquinone PlastoquinoneO HOCH 3 O

Phytol (C20)CH3 O CH3

CH2OH

OPP CH2

2H+III1.10.2.2

2H+

1.6.6.1 1.7.99.4

3.5.1.2 6.3.1.2 3.5.1.2

Glutamyl-P1.2.1.41

Amino Acids Lipids

Spermidine

Biosynthesis

ISOMERASES 5.1.3.1 Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase 5.1.3.2 UDPglucose 4-epimerase 5.1.3.4 l-Ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.6 UDPglucuronate 4-epimerase 5.1.3.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase 5.1.3.12 UDPglucuronate 5-epimerase 5 1.3.13 dTDP-4-Dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase 5.1.3.14 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase 5.1.99.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase 5.2.1.2 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase 5.2.1.3 Retinal isomerase 5.2.1.7 Retinol isomerase 5.3.1.1 Triose-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.3 Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.4 l-Arabinose isomerase 5.3.1.5 Xylose isomerase 5.3.1.6 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.8 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.9 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.16 N-(5-Phospho-d-ribosylformimino)5-amino-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase 5.3.3.2 Isopentenyl-diphosphate -isomerase 5.3.99.3 Prostaglandin-E synthase 5.3.99.5 Thromboxane-A synthase 5.4.2.1 Phosphoglycerate mutase 5.4.2.2 Phosphoglucomutase 5.4.2.3 Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 5.4.2.8 Phosphomannomutase 5.4.3.8 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase 5.4.99.2 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase 5.4.99.5 Chorismate mutase 5.4 99.7 Lanosterol synthase 5.5.1.4 myo-Inositol- l-phosphate synthase LIGASES 6.2.1.3 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.2 6.3.1.4 6.3.1.5 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 6.3.2.3 6.3.2.5 6.3.2.6 6.3.2.7 6.3.2.8 6.3.2.9 6.3.2.10 6.3.2.13 6.3.3.1 6.3.4.1 6.3.4.2 6.3.4.3 6.3.4.4 6.3.4.5 6.3.4.7 6.3.4.13 6.3.4.16 6.3.4.17 6.3.5.1 6.3.5.2 6.3.5.3 6.3.5.4 6.3.5.5 6.4.1.1 6.4.1.2 6.4.1.3 6.4.1.4

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

_

1.7.7.1 1.6.6.4

NH+ 4ATP CO2

2.5.1.16H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2

Biosynthesis Biosynthesis

Retinol esters2.3.1.76 3.1.1.21

+ H2NOCCH 2CH2CH (NH3) COO

CH2OH

CH 3

Farnesyl-PP(C15)

trans-Retinol(Vitamin A)

5.2.1.7

Dark

11-cis-Retinol

CH2OH

Phylloquinone(Vitamin K)

-Tocopherol(Vitamin E)

2H+

Fe-S and 2eCytochromes Cyt.c Cu and CytochromesM I TO

2.5.1.21

2H+

MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

1 .1

.1 8.66.3.4.16

Glutamine

+ OHCCH 2CH 2CH(NH3) COO

Purines & Pyrimidines

Glutamic semialdehyde2.6.1.13

PutrescineCH2 CH2 CH N CHCOO

Vitamins, Co-Enzymes & Hormones Pyruvate Glyoxylate4.1.3.16OOCCH(OH)CH 2COCOOCH2 CHCOO

6.3.5.5

CH3COCOO

OHCCOO

Pentose Phosphate Pathway Photosynthesis Dark ReactionsHuman Metabolism is identified as far as possible by black arrows

STEROIDS ProgesteroneHO H

IV

1.9.3.1

2H+

Carbamoyl-P2.1.3.3

H2NCOOP

+ H 2NCONHCH 2CH2CH2CH(NH3) COO

HO

H

HO H

H HO H

2H+ LanosterolCOOCH2 -OOCH 2C H 2C H 2C

2H+

H2O3H+

CITRULLINE

Pyrroline-5carboxylate4.1.1.17 1.5.99.8 CH2 1.5.1.2

Pregnenolone CHLOROPHYLLH3 C HC

CHOLESTEROLCH2 CH H C N Fe N H3 C CH2 CH2 COOC H N CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH3 C CH CH3 CH2 CH H3 CH2 C

DesmosterolCH2 CH H2 C N H H N C H2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 COOCH3 CH 2 CH H3 C

ZymosterolCOOCH2 CH2 N H H N H2 C N H H N C H2 CH3 COOCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 COO-

5.4.99.7 1.14.99.7

Squalene(C30)

CH2 H 2 C N H H N CH2 CH2 COOC H2 N H H N

COOCOO-OOCCH CH COCH NH CH2 2 2 2 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

3.6.1.34IA

Pi ADP ATP

+ H2NCH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

CH2

4-Hydroxy2-oxoglutarate2.6.1.23

Biosynthesis

Degradation

Small numbers refer to the IUBMB Enzyme Commission Reference Numbers for EnzymesThe "BACKBONE" of metabolism involves GLYCOLYSIS, the TCA CYCLE and OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. It is a major source of energy (ATP) and is the origin and termination of most of the pathways. GLYCOLYSIS occurs in the CYTOPLASM. The TCA CYCLE is in the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ATP SYNTHESIS) spans the MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE. This last part has been redesigned to illustrate the activation of ATP-synthase and formation of ATP - driven by the electromotive translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. A similar compartmentation occurs in the chloroplast, where light-driven proton translocation across the inner thylakoid membrane initiates synthesis of the ATP necessary for Photosynthesis. In both cases flow of electrons and protons is shown in red or blue arrows

1H+

ORNITHINEH2NCONH 2

NH

6.3.4.5OOCCHCH 2COO N + H2NCNHCH 2CH 2CH2CH(NH3) COO

PROLINE1.14.11.2HOCH H2C N H CH2 CHCOO

COMPARTMENTATION

+ OOCCH(OH)CH 2CH(NH 3)COO

N

N H H N

5-Amino levulinateCOOCH2 CH2

N

NE

2.1.4.1R

UREA

ME

HEMOGLOBIN

H2 C

MB

-OOCH2 C H2 C

RAN

E

3.6.1.3

Glycine +

3.5.3.1

H3 C CH2 CH2 COO-

+ H2NCNHCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO

NH2

3.5.3.6

NO1.14.13.39

Argininosuccinate

4-HydroxyglutamateHOCH HC

1.5.1.12

CH2 CHCOO

CH2 CH2 COO-

-

OOC

COO-

4.2.1.24N H

RO TO N

ARGININES1H+ 3H+

HYDROXY PROLINEHN C NH CO CH 2 N CH3

4.3.2.1+ NH2

3-Hydroxypyrroline5-carboxylate

N

HEME

1.3.3.3 4.3.1.8 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen 4.1.1.37Uroporphyrinogen 4.2.1.75 4.99.1.1

COO-

H2 N

+ NH2

IX

III

III

Porphobilinogen

+ NH2

Electron Flow

Proton Flow

ATP

ADP Pi

Guanidoacetate

H2NCNHCH 2COO

2.1.1.2

H2NCN(CH 3)CH2COO

Creatine

2.7.3.2

P- HNCN(CH 3)CH2COO

P-Creatine3.5.2.10

1.5.1.2

Creatinine

Some other pathways occurring in the mitochondria are identified by a pale yellow background

Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase Aspartateammonia ligase Glutamateammonia ligase Aspartateammonia ligase (ADP-forming) NAD+ synthetase Pantoate-alannine ligase Glutamatecysteine ligase Glutathione synthase Phosphopantothenatecysteine ligase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyld-glutamatelysine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramatealanine ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine d-glutamate ligase UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyld-glutamyl-lysined-alanyl-d-alanine ligase UDP-N-Acetyl muramoylalanyl-dglutamate2,6-diaminopimelate ligase Phosphoribosylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase GMP synthase CTP synthase Formatetetrahydrofolate ligase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Ribose-5-phosphateammonia ligase Phosphoribosylamineglycine ligase Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) Formatedihydrofolate ligase NAD+ synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase

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Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Membrane