WORLD WAR I

MAP Label the following on your map in ink. Color the countries based on their alliance. Orange-Central Powers, Yellow Neutral and Green Allies. Make a Key/Legend for the colors in the box. Use the map on page 375. Neatness counts. Atlantic OceanMediterranean SeaBritainPortugalSpainBelgiumFranceRussiaSwitzerlandItalyAustria-HungaryLuxembourgGermanySerbiaMontenegroOttoman EmpireAlbaniaGreeceBulgariaRomaniaDenmarkNetherlandsNorway Sweden

You will haveonly 15 minutesto completethe map.

Do not wasteyour time!1

Week 5 Journal 19For Mondays Journal write Map Activity.Read the yellow booklet on your desk.Answer the questions below in Tuesdays section.Who is Archduke Ferdinand?What happened to bring Great Britain into the war?Who is Woodrow Wilson?Why did the US decide to send supplies to the Allies?How long did the war last?Tell one change that took place in the US as a result of World War I.

US Entry to World War answer the followingSituation 1War breaks out in Europe between two great alliance systems called Central Powers and Allies. The disputed issues have nothing to do with the United States. Both alliances want to buy American goods.What should the US do?1. Sell to both alliances2. Sell only to one alliance3. Do not sell to either alliance4. Other (specify)

WORLD WAR I

Remember these people?Pancho VillaAmerican EngineersGeneral Pershing

What are relations like between the countries represented here?What do you think this has to do with World War I?

Section 1World War I Begins

LONG TERM CAUSES NationalismImperialismMilitarismAlliance SystemTriple EntenteCentral Powers

US Entry into World War ISituation 2The Central Powers attack and quickly defeat a small neutral nation. Gruesome stories appear in American newspapers about the atrocities committed by the Central Powers against people of the defeated country.What should the US do?Do nothing, since it doesnt concern the USStop selling products to the Central PowersIssue a statement condemning the Central Powers actionsDeclare war on the Central PowersOther (specify)THE FIGHTING STARTSGermansKaiser Wilhelm IIITrench WarfareJoseph GliddenElizabeth Shepley SergeantNo Mans Land

US Entry into World War ISituation 3The Allies stop United States ships and confiscates goods purchased by the Central Powers. The Allies ignore formal complaints by the United States.

What should the US do?

AMERICAN STAND ON THE WAR

NeutralityWilliam Jennings BryanOppositionNaturalized CitizensSocialists Eugene V. DebsPacifists Henry FordAndrew Carnegie Sympathy for AlliesGerman AggressionUS Economic Ties

US Entry into World War ISituation 4The Allies blockade the ports of The Central Powers which, in desperation, used submarines to attack all ships sailing to and from the ports of The Allies. Neutral US ships, which are protected by international laws are sunk by the submarines.

What should the US do?THE ROAD TO US INVOLVEMENTBritish BlockadeContrabandWinston ChurchillGerman U-Boat Counter Blockade

US Entry into World War ISituation 5A Central Power submarine sinks a luxury liner belonging to the Allies. Over one thousand passengers drown including 100 vacationing Americans. The Central Powers boast about its actions.

What should the US do?

US Entry into World War ISituation 6The Central Powers promise to stop sinking liners without first warning them and providing for the passengers safety. The Central Powers soon disregard its promise and resumes unrestricted submarine warfare on neutral American ships.

What should the US do?

US Entry into World War ISituation 7America learns that the Central Powers asked Mexico to aid in an attack against the US if America enters the war. In return, parts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona that originally belonged to Mexico will be returned.

What should the US do?THE ROAD TO US INVOLVEMENTAmerican ReactionsLusitania - 1915Wilson Talks to GermanySussex PledgeMay 1916 January 1917National Defense Act of 1916 June 3Strengthened the scope of the National Guard and guaranteed its status as our reserve military

NEUTRALITY COLLAPSESCampaign Slogan - - - He kept us out of war!Wilsons SpeechGermany stop or we will get involvedZimmerman TelegraphArthur Zimmerman January 1917April 2, 1917

US Entry into World War IClosureWas the US entry into World War I inevitable?

Was there anything that the participating nations could have done to prevent it?

What are the most effective responses to prevent war?

SECTION 2 AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE

AMERICA MOBILIZESConscription forced military serviceSelective Service ActTrainingWhere is the fighting?So we have to. . . . .Produce and ship goods Transport TroopsMarquis Claude Wiginton1917BUILDING A BRIDGE

Four StepsShip yard workersService flagsFabricationGovernment takeovers

CONVOY SYSTEMWeek 4 Journal 17Name the four long term causes of World War I.

What were the two things that drew the US into World War I?Once in Europe the Doughboys. . . .

General Foch

Dorothy Lawrence

General PershingRequest bilingual switchboard operatorsOleda Joure

Week 5 Journal 201. Divide your journal section into two columnsHead the first column Central PowersHead the second column Triple EntenteWhen the war started these were the alliances. List the 3 countries for the Triple Entente and 5 countries for the Central Powers. ( when the war started before 1915)

2. Which of these alliances became known as the Allies?3. What country left the Central Powers and why?4. What country left the Allies and why?

FIGHTING IN EUROPENew WeaponsBig BerthaZeppelinsMachine GunsMechanized WarfareEddie RickenbackerManfred RichthofenRed BarronMedical CareRed CrossHelen Gwynne-VaughanEmma Elizabeth Weaver

American Troops Go on the OffensiveItaly - 1915 Vittorio Orlando RussiaVladimir LeninBolshevik PartyTreaty of Brest-LitovskTsar Nicholas IIFresh Troops make the difference

THE TIDE TURNSWestern FrontAlvin YorkConscientious ObjectorTHE COLLAPSE OF GERMANYNovember 3, 1918Kaiser Wilhelm IIIMutiny11th Hour 11th Day 11th MonthSURRENDER

WORLD WAR I FACTSThe war lasted almost four years.The war involved more than 30 nations.About 26 million died. Of those were civilians.20 million more were wounded.10 million became refugees.

SECTION 3THE WAR AT HOMEWhat ignited the start of the war?Who was blamed for the Archdukes assassination?Why did Britain declare war on Germany?How General Foch want to use the US forces in Europe?How did the war change the US economy?CONGRESS GIVES POWER TO WILSONDuring times of war, congress gives the president a little more freedom with his powersDIRECT ECONOMIC CONTROLentire economy must be mobilizedconsumer goods to making war suppliesWilson could set prices and regulate war related industriesWAR INDUSTRIES BOARDEncouraged industries to increase efficiency and use mass productionPrice controls were placed on the wholesale level but not retailPrices went up for consumers and profits went up for ownersSIDE EFFECTS OF CONTROLSCorsets8,000 tons of steelMake two battle shipsTall leather bootsSoldiers bootsLong skirtsUniformsGasless Sundays, lightless nightsMarch 1918 Daylight savings time

JOURNAL 15Read the quote and answer the questions that follow.There is a growing frenzy of suspicion and hostility toward disloyalty. I am afraid we are going to have a good many instances of people roughly treated on very slight evidence of disloyalty.What is the writer concerned about?What is the writer meaning by disloyalty?WAR ECONOMYWages in some industries roseOthers did not but the prices continued to riseNational War Labor Board Bernard BaruchEstablished by Wilson to deal with disputes between workers and managementHis answer WORK OR FIGHT !Food Administration Herbert HooverHelped produce and conserve foodmeatlesssweetlessVictoryGardenswheatlessHooverizeSELLING THE WARWar financingUS spent about 33 billion on the war1/3 from taxes the other from WAR BONDSLiberty Bonds and Victory BondsCommittee on Public InformationOrganized to popularize the warPropagandaPostersFour Minute MenATTACKS ON CIVIL LIBERTIESAnti-immigrant hysteriaForeign born Americans were attackedMainly German and Austria-HungariansEven Native-born Americans of German descent Lost jobsNo music of German artistsAnti-German actsHamburger, sauerkraut, dachshunds ESPIONAGE ACTJune 1917Illegal to spy against your countrySchenck v. The United States - 1919SEDITION ACTMay 1918Established penalties for interfering with the draftObstructing war bondsBeing anti-warSome newspapers lost mail privileges because of articles printedSocialists were targeted with these actsEugene V. DebsSOCIAL CHANGES DURING WORLD WAR IAfrican Americans and the WarOpinion was divided but most supported the warThe Great MigrationThe war accelerated migration northFactorsEscape racial discriminationBoll weevils, floods and droughtsAssembly lines/factory jobsWW I and drop in immigration numbers opened jobsWomen and the WarWomen found themselves filling jobs that were traditionally held by menSome participated in the peace movement19th amendment was passedFlu Epidemic1/4th of US population sufferedIt was an international epidemicBusinesses closedCoffin shortageSECTION 4WILSON FIGHTS FOR PEACE

Wilson Presents His PlanFourteen PointsPresented to congress 1/18/18Three groups divide section into three columns1. -No secret treaties -freedom of the seas - Reduce arms -Colonial policies be considerate of all involved2. -The next eight dealt with specific boundaries - Ethnic groups could decide for themselves what country they belonged to3. Last point called for the organization of the LEAGUE OF NATIONSDiscuss and settle disputes before going to warALLIES REJECT WILSONS PLANEach had their own reason for rejecting the planCLEMENCEAUFranceSlogan was:MAKE GERMANY PAY

Wanted to protect from future invasions of FranceHe had lived through 2 invasionsDAVID LLOYD GEORGEBritainWon reelectionWanted Germany to be responsible ORLANDOItalyWanted control of the Austrian territoryThe Central Powers were not included in the talksOnly the BIG FOURFranceBritainUnited StatesItalyRussia was not invited to the talksWeek 5 Journal 21Write one important fact from each of the following topics:World War IWorld War I on the Home Front Peace Efforts(Fourteen Points and Treaty of Versailles)TREATY OF VERSAILLESProvisions of the treaty1. Established nine new nationsIncluding Poland, Czechoslovakia, YugoslaviaMoved boundaries of other countries 2. Carved 4 areas out of the Ottoman Empire and gave them to Britain and France as mandatesBritain got - Iraq, Palestine, Trans-JordanFrance got Syria, Lebanon3. Germany was demilitarizedTheir army was reduced to 100,000 men4. Germany had to return Alsace-Lorraine to France5. Germany had to pay reparations to Allies6. Germany was forced to acknowledge that it alone was responsible for the war7. Establish the League of NationsTHE TREATYS WEAKNESSESHarsh on Germany causing it to be hard to establish lasting peaceGermany was humiliatedGermany was never going to be able to pay reparationsRussia felt ignored by the BIG FOUR they had not been included in the peace talksRussia lost more land than GermanyGermany was stripped of its colonial possessionsCould have helped pay reparationsHOMEROOMPLEASE DO NOT REMOVE OR WRITE ON THE NAME TAGS ON YOUR DESKS

THANK YOU SO MUCH

HOPE YOU HAVE A GREAT DAYWilsons Fourteen Points

Treaty of Versailles

BOTH

Be nice pointsReduce armsNo secret treatiesFreedom of the seasRespect other countries possessions and peoplesCreate mandatesGermany demilitarizeG. Return land to F.G pay reparationsG take responsibilityNew countriesNew boundaries

Create LeagueOf Nations

PropagandaAny widespread effort to promote an idea, opinion, or course of action in order to help or do damage to a cause or person etc

About this time in history . . . . . HO CHI MINHAsked Wilson to help him establish a constitutional government in VietnamWilson refusedHo Chi Minh later established the Indochina Communist PartyFought against the French and Americans in the 60s and 70s

OPPOSITION TO THE TREATYMany Americans were against the treaty because it was so harsh and seemed to support imperialism.US DEBATE OVER THE LEAGUE OF NATIONSSome Americans felt it contradicted the US policy of staying out of European affairs Henry Cabot Lodge led the opposition to membership in the League of NationsWilson did not chose the delegation carefully lots of oppositionHe appealed to the people8000 mile tourHe had a strokePartially paralyzed for 2 monthsThis is not a timefor tactics. It is a timeto stand square. I cannot standretreat from a conscience duty.US signed a separate treaty with Germany 1921Wilson was not president nowNever joined the League of NationsUS had an observer at the meetingsLEGACY OF WARGermans were shocked by the armistice and the Treaty of VersaillesDesperate economic conditions in Germany1923 depressionBurned money for fuelLoss of jobsGermans were searching for scapegoatsAdolph Hitler Austrian CorporalBlamed problems on Jews and socialistsHe and Nazi party won control of the German Government in 1933His policies led to WW IIThe war had strengthened Americans determination to stay out of European affairsIsolationismThey wanted to return to normalCREATE A TIMELINELarge enough to read easilyInclude at least 8 international events and datesInclude at least 4 US events and datesRange of years 1900 to 1920Include two or more visualsMake sure you use relevant datesMake it interestingECONOMIC CONDITIONS AFTER WORLD WAR IDuring war many items had been rationedWar is over and price freezes were liftedEverybody is buying everythingCaused rapid inflationRaised the cost of livingThe standard of living rose alsoElectrical convenienceRadios, refrigerators, stoves, toastersAirplane industry took off1918 1st mail1927 passengerAutomobiles became popularSTRIKESDuring the war Wilson did not allow strikesWhen the war was over many workers went on strike1919 3,600 strikes involving four million workersSEATTLE GENERAL STRIKEWanted higher wages and shorter hoursWalked off jobGrew into a GENERAL STRIKEDid not get demandsCaused fear among American peopleThis was a tactic used by European Communist WorkersBOSTON POLICE STRIKE75% of police walked off the jobRiots and looting startedMass. Governor CALVIN COOLIDGE called in National GuardPolice commissioner fired strikers and hired new officersTHE STEEL STRIKE350,000 workers walked off jobElbert Gary head of US Steel would not talk to unionUsed anti immigrant feelings to split workersHired African Americans and Mexicans to keep steel mills openStrike collapsedRACIAL UNRESTAmerican soldiers returned home from war needing a jobJobs were filled with African AmericansMuch violenceSummer 1919 20 race riotsWorst in Chicago days38 killed 15 white 23 black

500injuredRED SCAREAn increase in strikes caused concern about the spread of communismBelieved communist would take control of the governmentApril 1919 - postal service intercepted more than 30 packages with bombsTargeted leading business menJune 19198 bombs in 8 cities went off within minutes of each otherCould be a nation wide conspiracy70,000 Americans joined the communist partyCommunist wanted toOverthrow capitalist systemAbolish free enterpriseAbolish private propertyPALMER RAIDSOne of bombs damaged home of US Atty. Gen. Mitchell PalmerTook action against the Red ScareAppointed J. Edgar Hoover as head of Anti-radical Division of the Justice Department FBIPalmer sent agents to hunt down communists, anarchists, socialistsAgents showed no regard for civil rightsDeported many without trialRaids never turned up anythingClaimed something big would happen on May 1, 1920It did not and people stopped listening to him END OF PROGRESSIVISM1920 electionRoosevelt ran on a platform of continuing Wilsons programsHarding ran on a platform of a return to NORMALCYWins in a landslideThe people of the country hoped to stop the racial tensions and labor unrest and fix the economic problemsThey wanted a more stable society