Manuscript Number : IJSRST173849

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Paper Submission: 20-June-2021

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Towards A New Framework for CSR : Renegotiating Ethics and Business

in Indonesia

Authors(3) :-Baiq Wardhani, (search_result.php?search=Baiq Wardhani) I Gede Wahyu Wicaksana,

(search_result.php?search= I Gede Wahyu Wicaksana) Vinsensio Dugis (search_result.php?search=

Vinsensio Dugis)

(search_result.php?search= Vinsensio Dugis)



�Abstract � Authors � Keywords

� References � Details

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Online ISSN : 2395-602X | Print ISSN : 2395-6011 UGC Approved

Journal No : 64011

(index.php)

of 4IJSRST - Publication Details

6/14/2021http://ijsrst.com/IJSRST173849

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) aims to mediate between business interests and local

communities. It consists of social, economic, ethical and environmental dimensions.

Established studies, however, indicate that the economic profit remains to be the most visible

objective of CSR activities, which in turn engenders massive disaffection and resistance to the

programs. This article offers a new framework for CSR through which applicable policies can

be formulated to renegotiate the disintegrative aspects of corporate and community

interactions in an Indonesian context. The idea encompasses both regulatory and operational

principles enabling for the enlargement of the ethical component of CSR.

Article Preview



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Executive Editor

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Editorial Board

Dr. B. B. Baldaniya

M. G. Science Institute, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

�

Dr. Sheshang D. Degadwala

Head of Computer Department, Sigma Institute of Engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Email : [email protected] (mailto:[email protected] )

Google Scholar ( https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rWhqJawAAAAJ&hl=en), Web of

Science ( https://publons.com/researcher/3123346/dr-sheshang-degadwala), Researchgate

( https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sheshang_Degadwala2), Orcid

( https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2385-7790), SSRN

( https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=3552940), Scopus

( https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57192540864)

�

Dr. Sharad Gangele

Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Application, RKDF University,

Bhopal, MP, India

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Dr. K. Senthil Kannan

Dean Research, Vice Principal & Research Scientist EDAYATHANGUDY GS PILLAY Arts and

Science College Nagapattinam Tamil Nadu, India

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Prof. Ajit Singh

Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, Patna Women's College, Patna, Bihar, India

�

�

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology

Online ISSN : 2395-602X | Print ISSN : 2395-6011UGC Approved Journal No : 64011

(index.php)

Page 1 of 14IJSRST - Editorial Board

6/14/2021http://ijsrst.com/editorial.php

Associate Editor

Honorable Editorial Board/Reviewer Committee Members

Website : : https://ajitvoice.wordpress.com/ ( https://ajitvoice.wordpress.com/)

Prifile More >>

Prof. Dr. H. M. Srivastava

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia,

Canada

Web Address : https://www.math.uvic.ca/~harimsri ( https://www.math.uvic.ca/~harimsri)

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Dr. Froilan Mobo

MOBO, DPA, MBA, MSCS, LPT Computer and Social Sciences, Carl Balita Review Center :

Olongapo City, Zambales, Philippin

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Dr. Gaurav Jangra

Assistant Professor, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, Haryana, India

Email : [email protected] (mailto:[email protected])

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Dr. Rajkumar

SST, Palamu, Jharkhand, India

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Dr. Sunil Jayant Kulkarni

Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, Gharda Institute of Technology,

Lavel. Khed. Maharashtra, India

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Dr. Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan

Computer Science, Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia

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Dr. Raja Mohammad Latif

Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad

Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Prof. Ang Kean Hua

Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment Studies, Universiti Putra

Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

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Prof. Pijush Dutta

Associate Professor & Programme Director, Apeejay Institute of Mass Communication

(AIMC), Apeejay Campus, Institutional Area, Dwarka , New Delhi, India

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Dr. Bijender Singh

English Lecturer, GSSS Hatt, Jind, Haryana, India

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Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021Paper Submission: 20-June-2021

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Sr.No. Title & Authors Name

Page

(s)

1 Digital Simulation of Asymmetrical PWM Full-Bridge

Converter using Simulink

A. Vishnuvardhan (search_result.php?search=A. Vishnuvardhan)

PG Scholar, JNTUA College of Engineering, Anantapuramu, Andhra

Pradesh, India

DOI : 10.32628/IJSRST173811 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/1638.pdf)

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Page 1 of 87IJSRST - Publication

6/14/2021http://ijsrst.com/archive.php?v=3&i=20&pyear=2017


Page

(s)

2 Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal plants along with

Godavari Basin region Districts from Nirmal to Mancherial,

Telangana, India

S. Vinod Kumar (search_result.php?search=S. Vinod Kumar), Gadapa

Susmitharaj (search_result.php?search= Gadapa Susmitharaj),

Nirmala Baburao (search_result.php?search= Nirmala Baburao)

Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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10-15

3 Use of Rheocasting Mould in SSM Processing

Dr. Nirmal Kumar Kund (search_result.php?search=Dr. Nirmal

Kumar Kund)

Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering, Veer

Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India


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16-21

4 Growth of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk for the Preparation of

Functional Frozen Misti Dahi (Sweet Curd)

Gayatri Saikia (search_result.php?search=Gayatri Saikia), B. K. Mishra

(search_result.php?search= B. K. Mishra)

Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North-

Eastern Hill University, Tura, Meghalaya, India


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22-26

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5 A Study on Traditional Medicinal Plants of Riuvi Village,

Mudhol Mandal, Nirmal District, Telangana, India

S. Vinod kumar (search_result.php?search=S. Vinod kumar), Gadapa

Susmitharaj (search_result.php?search= Gadapa Susmitharaj),

Nirmala Baburao (search_result.php?search= Nirmala Baburao)

Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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27-30

6 Performance Analysis of Multiband Bandpass Filtrer With

Dumbell Shaped Defect in Ground Plane

Apurva Misra (search_result.php?search=Apurva Misra), Manish

Kumar (search_result.php?search= Manish Kumar)

P.G. Scholar, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

MMMUT, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India


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31-32

7 Performance Evaluation of NS-hema21t Automated

Hematology Analyzer and Comparison of the Hematological

Parameters with Sysmex XT1800i

Noha Bassiouny Hassan Mostafa (search_result.php?search=Noha

Bassiouny Hassan Mostafa), Ayman Zakaria Ahmed Youssef

(search_result.php?search= Ayman Zakaria Ahmed Youssef),

Mahmoud Abd Elzaher Kassab (search_result.php?search=

Mahmoud Abd Elzaher Kassab)

Department of Clinical Pethology, Faculty of Medcine, Ain Shams

University, El-Abaseya, Egypt


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33-41

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Page

(s)

8 Simple Additive Weighting Method to Determining

Employee Salary Increase Rate

Syafrida Hafni Sahir (search_result.php?search=Syafrida Hafni Sahir),

R Rosmawati (search_result.php?search= R Rosmawati), Kresna

Minan (search_result.php?search= Kresna Minan)

Department of Management, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia


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42-48

9 Integrated Weed Management in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Patil Vidya U. (search_result.php?search=Patil Vidya U.), P.U.Raundal

(search_result.php?search= P.U.Raundal)

Department of Chemistry, Gokhale Education Society HPT Arts And RYK

Science College, Nasik, Maharashtra, India


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49-54

10 Accessibility to Higher Order Public Health Centers a Study

of District Pulwama (J&K)

Javaid Ahmad Tali (search_result.php?search=Javaid Ahmad Tali),

Asima Nusrath (search_result.php?search= Asima Nusrath), Aasif

Nengroo (search_result.php?search= Aasif Nengroo)

Department of Studies in Geography University of Mysore, India


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55-61

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11 Thermoelastic Problem of Thin Finite Rectangular Plate with

Heat Sourc by Marchi-Fasulo Transform Technique

C. M. Jadhav (search_result.php?search=C. M. Jadhav)

Dadasaheb Rawal College, Dondaicha, North Maharashtra University

Jalgaon, [M.S], India


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62-67

12 SSF Technology

Dr. Nirmal Kumar Kund (search_result.php?search=Dr. Nirmal

Kumar Kund)

Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering, Veer

Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India


Show More

68-75

13 Synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole and 4,5-

disubstituted indolylimidazole derivatives by using

Amberlyst A-15 as green, recyclable catalyst

Narendra Nirwan (search_result.php?search=Narendra Nirwan), Dr.

C. Pareek (search_result.php?search= Dr. C. Pareek)

Heterocyclic Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, S.D. Govt. College,

Beawar, India


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76-82

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Page

(s)

14 Unsteady-State Thermo Elastic Problem in a Thick Circular

Plate Due to Heat Source with third Kind Boundary

Conditions

C. M. Jadhav (search_result.php?search=C. M. Jadhav)

Dadasaheb Rawal College, Dondaicha, North Maharashtra University

Jalgaon, [M.S], India


Show More

83-88

15 Assessment of Image Quality and Radiation Dose to Adult

Patients undergoing Computed Radiography Examinations

Daniel Ackom (search_result.php?search=Daniel Ackom), Stephen

Inkoom (search_result.php?search= Stephen Inkoom), Edem Sosu

(search_result.php?search= Edem Sosu), Cyril Schandorf

(search_result.php?search= Cyril Schandorf)

Department of Physics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana


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16 A Modern Study on Progressions & Issues of Web

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Anju Kalwar (search_result.php?search=Anju Kalwar), Dr. Reema

Ajmera (search_result.php?search= Dr. Reema Ajmera), Dr. C. S.

Lamba (search_result.php?search= Dr. C. S. Lamba)

Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, JECRC University,

Sitapura Industrial Area, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India


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17 Monitoring water body: Seasonal variations in Density and

Species Richness of Euglenophyta of Yashwant

Lake,Toranmal (M.S.) India.

Ashok P. Ekhande (search_result.php?search=Ashok P. Ekhande)


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18 FEA Analysis of Brake using Ansys - A Review

Vineet Kumar Dwivedi (search_result.php?search=Vineet Kumar

Dwivedi), Arvind Singh (search_result.php?search= Arvind Singh)

Research Scholar, Millennium Institute of Technology Bhopal, Madhya

Pradesh, India


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19 ANFIS based Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride through

Capability in DFIG based Wind Farm

B. Sudhakar Naik (search_result.php?search=B. Sudhakar Naik), S.

Sunil Naik (search_result.php?search= S. Sunil Naik)

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Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India


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20 Hazardous Waste Management in India : Current Scenario

and Future Opportunities

D. Vasudevan (search_result.php?search=D. Vasudevan), Dr. A. G.

Murugesan (search_result.php?search= Dr. A. G. Murugesan)

Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi,

Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India & Environmental Engineer, Tamil

Nadu Pollution Control Board, Chennai, India


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127

21 Mitrochondrial Cytochrome Oxidize I (mt COI) Diagnostic

Technique for the Quick Identification of Biotypes Whitefly,

Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius) on different Crops

Swati Tomar (search_result.php?search=Swati Tomar), Kamlesh

Malik (search_result.php?search= Kamlesh Malik), Seema Sharma

(search_result.php?search= Seema Sharma)

Zoology Department, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India


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22 An Energy-Aware Clustering Approach for Ad-Hoc Sensor

Networks

Venkateswarulu Naik B. (search_result.php?search=Venkateswarulu

Naik B.), Dr. S. Rama Krishna (search_result.php?search= Dr. S. Rama

Krishna)

JJTU Scholar, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India


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23 Impact of Aquaculture industries on geomorphology around

Buckingham canal, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu,

India using Remote sensing and GIS Techniques

K. Panchatcharam (search_result.php?search=K. Panchatcharam), M.

Anand (search_result.php?search= M. Anand)

Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, School of Energy,

Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University,

Madurai, India


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24 Design of LabVIEW Based SCADA System for Pneumatics

Applications

Rathy G. A (search_result.php?search=Rathy G. A), Aravind Balaji

(search_result.php?search= Aravind Balaji)

Associate Professor, Electrical Department, NITTTR, Chennai, India


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25 From Traditional Classroom to Online Learning: ICT as

Change Agent to Boost Innovation in Teaching and Learning

Eisha Verma (search_result.php?search=Eisha Verma)

Research Scholar, Department of Educational Studies, Central University

of Jammu, J&K State India


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26 Study of Pico-Second Time Domain Reflectometry

Techniques using Microstripline Terminated in some Polar

Liquids

B. R. Sharma (search_result.php?search=B. R. Sharma), N. D.

Chaudhari (search_result.php?search= N. D. Chaudhari )

Department of Physics, Pratishthan Mahavidyalaya Paithan, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India


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166

27 Relevance of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Maritime

Applications

Ramakrishna G (search_result.php?search=Ramakrishna G),

Shashidhar Kasthala (search_result.php?search= Shashidhar

Kasthala), G. K. D. Prasanna Venkatesan (search_result.php?search=

G. K. D. Prasanna Venkatesan)

Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, Kerala, India


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174

28 Studies of Sensory Evaluation and Shelf-Life of Foxtail Millet

Based Softy Ice-Cream

Devica R. Sangma (search_result.php?search=Devica R. Sangma), B.

K. Mishra (search_result.php?search= B. K. Mishra)

Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North

Eastern Hill University, Tura, Meghalaya


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29 Secure Communication Based On Authentication

Techniques Using NIDS

P. Thangavel (search_result.php?search=P. Thangavel), Dr. A.

SenthilKumar (search_result.php?search= Dr. A. SenthilKumar)

Research Scholar, Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore,

Tamilnadu, India


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193

30 Studies on seasonal and habitat variations in serum

biochemical composition of Labeo boga

Roopma Gandotra (search_result.php?search=Roopma Gandotra),

Monika Sharma (search_result.php?search= Monika Sharma),

Sapana Jangral (search_result.php?search= Sapana Jangral)

Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India


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31 Effect of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Wicking behavior of

Bamboo Nonwoven Fabric

S. Manjula (search_result.php?search=S. Manjula), O. L.

Shanmugasundaram (search_result.php?search= O. L.

Shanmugasundaram)

Research Scholar, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar

University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu India


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32 The Effects of Prolonged Storage on the Quality of Sachet

Water Produced within the Paynesville Municipality of

Liberia

R. S. Ngumbu (search_result.php?search=R. S. Ngumbu), J. K. Jallah Jr.

(search_result.php?search= J. K. Jallah Jr.), F. P. Sumo

(search_result.php?search= F. P. Sumo), B. S. Dennis

(search_result.php?search= B. S. Dennis), M. F. Moore

(search_result.php?search= M. F. Moore), J. B. Kiazolu

(search_result.php?search= J. B. Kiazolu), P. S. Humphrey

(search_result.php?search= P. S. Humphrey)

Department of Chemistry, University of Liberia


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33 Standardization of Technology for Preparation of Functional

Frozen Misti Dahi

Gayatri Saikia (search_result.php?search=Gayatri Saikia), Birendra

Kumar Mishra (search_result.php?search= Birendra Kumar Mishra)

Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North-

Eastern Hill University, Meghalaya, India


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34 In an Antique Land : Recognition to Unrecognized

Binita Vijay Gheewala (search_result.php?search=Binita Vijay

Gheewala)

Assistant Professor, Sir K. P. College of Commerce, Surat, Gujarat, India


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35 A Novel Zeta Converter with Pi Controller for Power Factor

Correction in Induction Motor

S. Arunraj (search_result.php?search=S. Arunraj), S. Murugesan

(search_result.php?search= S. Murugesan), T. Uma Nandhini

(search_result.php?search= T. Uma Nandhini), K. Keerthana

(search_result.php?search= K. Keerthana)

Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of

Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India


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36 Towards A New Framework for CSR : Renegotiating Ethics

and Business in Indonesia

Baiq Wardhani (search_result.php?search=Baiq Wardhani), I Gede

Wahyu Wicaksana (search_result.php?search= I Gede Wahyu

Wicaksana), Vinsensio Dugis (search_result.php?search= Vinsensio

Dugis)

Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political

Science, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia


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37 Modeling and Designing of Bipedal Walking Robot

Ashish Thakur (search_result.php?search=Ashish Thakur), Aayush

Dhiman (search_result.php?search= Aayush Dhiman), Obaid Ahmad

(search_result.php?search= Obaid Ahmad), Arjun Balgotra

(search_result.php?search= Arjun Balgotra), Sudhir Kumar

(search_result.php?search= Sudhir Kumar), Harpreet Kaur Channi

(search_result.php?search= Harpreet Kaur Channi)

Student of Electrical Engineering Department University Institute of

Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India


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38 Hybrid front end interface DC-DC converter with ANFIS

based control of EMS system

T. Vishnu Kumar (search_result.php?search=T. Vishnu Kumar), V.

Suresh Kumar (search_result.php?search= V. Suresh Kumar), T.

Sumeet (search_result.php?search= T. Sumeet), M. Srimaha

(search_result.php?search= M. Srimaha)

Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of

Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India


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39 Relative Analysis of Paraffin Wax in Different Geometry

using FEA Simulation

Saurav Kumar (search_result.php?search=Saurav Kumar), Dr. V. N.

Bartaria (search_result.php?search= Dr. V. N. Bartaria)

Research Scholar, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya

Pradesh, India


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40 Modeling and Designing of Solar Tracking System using

Arduino

Mohit (search_result.php?search=Mohit), Subhash Saxena

(search_result.php?search= Subhash Saxena), Akashdeep Singh

(search_result.php?search= Akashdeep Singh), Varinder Singh

(search_result.php?search= Varinder Singh), Harpreet Kaur Channi

(search_result.php?search= Harpreet Kaur Channi)

Department of Electrical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering,

Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Sas Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India


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41 Bicycle Based Mobile Phones Charging System Used In Wind

Energy

Maharshi Singh (search_result.php?search=Maharshi Singh), L.

Natrayan (search_result.php?search= L. Natrayan)

School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Chennai,

Tamilnadu, India


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42 Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Brief Overview of Pathogenesis

with Associated Risk Factors and Clinical Treatment

Aarif Ali (search_result.php?search=Aarif Ali), Mashooq Ahmad Dar

(search_result.php?search= Mashooq Ahmad Dar), Parvaiz Ahmad

Dar (search_result.php?search= Parvaiz Ahmad Dar), Bashir Ahmad

Malla (search_result.php?search= Bashir Ahmad Malla), Aadil Ayaz

(search_result.php?search= Aadil Ayaz), Peerzada Tajamul

(search_result.php?search= Peerzada Tajamul), Mudasar Nabi

(search_result.php?search= Mudasar Nabi), Muzamil Farooq

(search_result.php?search= Muzamil Farooq), Tashook Ahmad Dar

(search_result.php?search= Tashook Ahmad Dar)

Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, J&K, India


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43 Mechanistic Effects of microRNA in Pathogenesis of Bovine

Mastitis

Aarif Ali (search_result.php?search=Aarif Ali), Rahil Razak Bhat

(search_result.php?search= Rahil Razak Bhat), Bilal Ahmad Mir

(search_result.php?search= Bilal Ahmad Mir), Sheikh Bilal Ahmad

(search_result.php?search= Sheikh Bilal Ahmad), Omer Khalil Baba

(search_result.php?search= Omer Khalil Baba), S. Mudasir Rashid

(search_result.php?search= S. Mudasir Rashid), Ishraq Hussain

(search_result.php?search= Ishraq Hussain), Showkeen Muzamil

(search_result.php?search= Showkeen Muzamil), Manzoor-ur-

Rahman Mir (search_result.php?search= Manzoor-ur-Rahman Mir)

Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences &

Animal Husbandry, Sheri Kashmir University of Agricultural Science &

Technology-Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, J&K, India


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282

44 Refractive Index, Density, Molar Refraction and

Polarizability Constant of substituted1-phenyl-3-aryl-1H-

pyrazol-4-carboxylic Acid Derivativesin Different Binary

Mixture

V. S. Jagtap (search_result.php?search=V. S. Jagtap), D. S. Hedaoo

(search_result.php?search= D. S. Hedaoo), M. P. Wadekar

(search_result.php?search= M. P. Wadekar)

Applied Chemistry Division, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and

Humanities Amravati, Maharashtra, India


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45 The Analysis of Security Issues and Threat Prevention Model

in E-Commerce

Dr. Sharad Gangele (search_result.php?search=Dr. Sharad Gangele),

Deepika Pathak (search_result.php?search= Deepika Pathak), Dr.

Dhanraj Verma (search_result.php?search= Dr. Dhanraj Verma)

Department of Computer Science & Application, RKDF University, Bhopal,

MP, India


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46 Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter for Electric Vehicles

Application with Chopper Control

R. Ramkumar (search_result.php?search=R. Ramkumar ), S. Athirshta

Lakshmi (search_result.php?search= S. Athirshta Lakshmi), M.

Ezhilmathi (search_result.php?search= M. Ezhilmathi), S. Fayaz

Ahamed (search_result.php?search= S. Fayaz Ahamed)

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, K. Ramakrishnan College of

Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, India


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47 Social Sentiment Rating Prediction using Textual Reviews

Subbaraju Pericherla (search_result.php?search=Subbaraju

Pericherla), Chandrasekhar Kona (search_result.php?search=

Chandrasekhar Kona), Satyanarayana Raju Kothapalli

(search_result.php?search= Satyanarayana Raju Kothapalli), Prss

Venkatapathi Raju (search_result.php?search= Prss Venkatapathi

Raju)

Assistant Professor, Department of IT, SRKR Engineering College, Andhra

Pradesh, India


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48 Bluetooth Remote Controlled Car using Arduino

Anmol Raizada (search_result.php?search=Anmol Raizada), Gaurav

Ojha (search_result.php?search= Gaurav Ojha), Mithlesh Kumar

(search_result.php?search= Mithlesh Kumar), Abhishek Rana

(search_result.php?search= Abhishek Rana), Harpreet Kaur Channi

(search_result.php?search= Harpreet Kaur Channi )

Student of Electrical Engineering Department University Institute of

Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Sas Nagar, Punjab, India


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49 Diversity and Phytophagous - Predatory Relationship of

Mites Associated With Papaya Plant (Carica papaya L. 1753)

Safeer Mohammed PP (search_result.php?search=Safeer

Mohammed PP), N. Ramani (search_result.php?search= N. Ramani)

Research Scholar, Division of Acarology, Department of Zoology,

University of Calicut, Kerala, India


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50 A Comparative Study of the Achievement of Girls and Boys

of Primary Schools having EDUSAT

Deepika (search_result.php?search=Deepika)

Assistant Professor, JR Memorial College of Education, Rewari, Haryana,

India


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51 Geographical Techniques Used For Digital Image Map

Building

Dr. Neeru Yadav (search_result.php?search=Dr. Neeru Yadav)

Resource Person Department of Geography, Govt. College of Women,

Narnaul, Haryana, India


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52 A Review on Route Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste

Collection in Jabalpur city using ARC GIS

Sandeep Kumar Gupta (search_result.php?search=Sandeep Kumar

Gupta), Prof. R. K. Bhatia (search_result.php?search= Prof. R. K.

Bhatia)

M.E. Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,

Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh,India


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53 Quality Circle : A Conceptual Review

Lalit Kumar Biban (search_result.php?search=Lalit Kumar Biban),

Arun (search_result.php?search= Arun ), Deepak Dhounchak

(search_result.php?search= Deepak Dhounchak)

Mechanical Engineering Department, UIET, MDU Rohtak, Haryana, India


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54 GSM Based Health Monitoring of Critical Equipments

Ramakrishna G (search_result.php?search=Ramakrishna G),

Shashidhar Kasthala (search_result.php?search= Shashidhar

Kasthala), G.K.D. Prasanna Venkatesan (search_result.php?search=

G.K.D. Prasanna Venkatesan)

Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, Kerala, India


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55 Customary Methods for CPU Scheduling : A Review

Badal Dave (search_result.php?search=Badal Dave), Surendra Yadav

(search_result.php?search= Surendra Yadav), Manish Mathuria

(search_result.php?search= Manish Mathuria)

M.Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering,

MACERC, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India


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348

55 Comparative Analysis of Sequitur Algorithm with Adaptive

Huffman Coding Algorithm on Text File Compression with

Exponential Method

Muhammad Fadlan (search_result.php?search=Muhammad Fadlan),

Surya Darma Nasution (search_result.php?search= Surya Darma

Nasution), Fadlina (search_result.php?search= Fadlina), Saidi

Ramadan Siregar (search_result.php?search= Saidi Ramadan

Siregar), Pristiwanto (search_result.php?search= Pristiwanto)

Research Scholar. STMIK Budi Darma, Medan, Indonesia


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56 Paver Block by Using Steel Fiber and Fly Ash in Different

Percent

Mayur A Patil (search_result.php?search=Mayur A Patil), Dr. Nagesh L

Shelke (search_result.php?search= Dr. Nagesh L Shelke)

Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil SOET, Pune, Maharashtra,

India


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57 A Comparative Model Approach to Pore Pressure Prediction

Applied to Central/Coastal Swamp Depobelt of the Niger

Delta Basin

Mkpese Ubon Udofia (search_result.php?search=Mkpese Ubon

Udofia), Ekine Anthony Sotonye (search_result.php?search= Ekine

Anthony Sotonye)

Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria


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58 Site selection for Soil conservation by geometric analysis of

watershed in the southeastern part of Aravalli mountain

range using Remote sensing and GIS

Javed Ikbal (search_result.php?search=Javed Ikbal), Syed Ahmad Ali

(search_result.php?search= Syed Ahmad Ali)

Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India


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59 Speciation of Zinc Heavy Metal in Ground Water of Middle

Palar River Basin by DPASV Technique

M. R. Kuppusamy (search_result.php?search=M. R. Kuppusamy), N.

Mahalakshmi (search_result.php?search= N. Mahalakshmi), T. M.

Sridhar (search_result.php?search= T. M. Sridhar)

P.G Department of Chemistry, Rajeswari Vedachalam Government, Arts

College, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India


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60 Classification Utility & Procedures for Recognition of Heart

Disease: A Review

Manoj Raman (search_result.php?search=Manoj Raman), Vijay

Kumar Sharma (search_result.php?search= Vijay Kumar Sharma)

M.Tech. Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, RIET,

Jaipur, Rajasthan, India


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61 Power Optimization and Assessment of Optimization Using

VLSI Techniques

Lali RajKumar (search_result.php?search=Lali RajKumar), Konda

Shiva (search_result.php?search= Konda Shiva)

M.Tech, Department of ECE Aurora Engineering College, Telangana, India


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62 An Application of PCA in ECG Classification with Cross -

Validation

Nikhil G Kurup (search_result.php?search=Nikhil G Kurup)

Lecturer, NSS Polytechnic College, Pandalam, Kerala, India


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63 Isolation of Chitinase Producing Streptomyces Sp. M1 for

Recycling of Fungal Biomass

S. R Sukalkar (search_result.php?search=S. R Sukalkar), T. A. Kadam

(search_result.php?search= T. A. Kadam), H. J. Bhosale

(search_result.php?search= H. J. Bhosale)

School of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India


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64 An Experimental Investigation on the Properties of

Concrete with Replacement of Natural Sand with Robosand

as Fine Aggregate

Kadapa Naresh Kumar (search_result.php?search=Kadapa Naresh

Kumar), Syed Rizwan (search_result.php?search= Syed Rizwan)

M.Tech Student ,Department of Civil Engineering, St.Mark Educational

Institution Society Group of Institutions, Anantapur, Andra Pradesh, India


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65 Design of Residential Building of G+9 Floors In Response

Spectrum Method Using ETABS 2013 Software

B. Vanitha (search_result.php?search=B. Vanitha), D. Mohammed

Rafi (search_result.php?search= D. Mohammed Rafi)

M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, St.Mark Educational

Institutions Society Group of Institutions, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh,

India


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66 To Evaluate the Mechanical & Durability Properties of Nano

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Cement Concrete

P. Mamatha (search_result.php?search=P. Mamatha), Dr. SMV

Narayana (search_result.php?search= Dr. SMV Narayana), T. Naresh

Kuma (search_result.php?search= T. Naresh Kuma)

M.Tech. PG Scholar, Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences,

Rajampet, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India


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67 Impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on

Telecom sector in India

Abani Mohanty (search_result.php?search=Abani Mohanty), Dr.

Sabyasachi Das (search_result.php?search= Dr. Sabyasachi Das)

Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Utkal University,

Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India


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68 Exploring the Factors Considered for ICT Acceptance and

Adoption towards Education (B-Schools)

Dr. Rajneesh Ahlawat (search_result.php?search=Dr. Rajneesh

Ahlawat), Sarika Yadav (search_result.php?search= Sarika Yadav)

Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa,

Haryana, India


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69 An Experimental Survey of FOG Computing and IOT :

Escalate the Cloud to Where the Things Are

Saba Sultana (search_result.php?search=Saba Sultana)

CSE, LORDS Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad,

Telangana, India


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70 Analyzing the Need of Agile Manufacturing in Industries

Naveen Virmani (search_result.php?search=Naveen Virmani), Rachit

Garg (search_result.php?search= Rachit Garg )

Associate Professor, IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar

Pradesh, India


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71 Understanding the need of E-manufacturing in Industries

Naveen Virmani (search_result.php?search=Naveen Virmani), Md.

Mahmeen (search_result.php?search= Md. Mahmeen)

Associate Professor,IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar

Pradesh, India


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72 Recent Advancements in Manufacturing Era in India

Naveen Virmani (search_result.php?search=Naveen Virmani), Vinod

Kumar (search_result.php?search= Vinod Kumar)

Associate Professor,IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar

Pradesh, India


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73 Study & Simulation of Co2 Refrigeration System

Snehal D. Patil (search_result.php?search=Snehal D. Patil), Prof. S. H.

Gupta (search_result.php?search= Prof. S. H. Gupta)

Department of Mechanical, Heat Power, G. H. Raisoni College of

Engineering & Mang., India


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74 GPS Receivers and Integration of GPS/GIS Technology

Nameeta Devi (search_result.php?search=Nameeta Devi)

Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Haryana,

India


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75 Global Positioning System (GPS) and its Application

Sabeet (search_result.php?search=Sabeet)

Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Haryana,

India


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76 Fabrication of Solar Powered Lawnmower

Dr. Smt. G. Prasanthi (search_result.php?search=Dr. Smt. G.

Prasanthi)

Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director , Industrial Relations &

Placements and School of Continuing & Distance Education, JNTUA

Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India


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77 Design Pattern Identification and Its Models

Ravikiran Batchalakuri (search_result.php?search=Ravikiran

Batchalakuri)

Department of Computer Science, CVR College of Engineering &

Technology , Telangana, India


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78 A Novel Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking Scheme based

on IWT and SVD

K. Basavaraju (search_result.php?search=K. Basavaraju)

Department of ECE, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,

Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India


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79 Biological activity, Spectroscopic and DNA Cleavage of

Binuclear Schiff Base Complexes

N. Mahalakshmi (search_result.php?search=N. Mahalakshmi), M. R.

Kuppusamy (search_result.php?search= M. R. Kuppusamy), C.

Vanitha (search_result.php?search= C. Vanitha)

Department of Chemistry, Rajeswari Vedachalam Government Arts

College, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India


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500

80 Investigation of Defrost system in Domestic Refrigerator by

Using Refrigerant

Deepak Dixit (search_result.php?search=Deepak Dixit ), Dr. R. R.

Arakerimath (search_result.php?search= Dr. R. R. Arakerimath)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, GHRCEM Engineering College,

Wagholi, Pune, India


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81 Input Vector Observing Simultaneous BIST Architecture

Utilizing SRAM Cells

P. Kanimozhi (search_result.php?search=P. Kanimozhi), S.

Ramalingam (search_result.php?search= S. Ramalingam), S.

Murugesan (search_result.php?search= S. Murugesan), N. Ramya

(search_result.php?search= N. Ramya)

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82 A Comparative Study on the Implementation of Block

Cipher Algorithms on FPGA

Lavanya R (search_result.php?search=Lavanya R), Karpagam M

(search_result.php?search= Karpagam M), Jaikumar R

(search_result.php?search= Jaikumar R)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri

Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India


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83 High Capacity Audio Watermarking Based on Fibonacci

Series

U. Harikrishna (search_result.php?search=U. Harikrishna), M.

Sreedhar (search_result.php?search= M. Sreedhar)

PG Scholar, JNTUA College of Engineering, Anantapuram, Andhra

Pradesh, India


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84 EXTREAMOZYMES : A Review

Charmi Desai (search_result.php?search=Charmi Desai), Mubassira

Shaikh (search_result.php?search= Mubassira Shaikh), Anoop R.

Markande (search_result.php?search= Anoop R. Markande)

CG Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli-

Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Gujarat, India


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85 Implementation of IOT in E-Commerce

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Untversity College of Commerce and Business Management Mahatma

Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana, India


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86 Future Scope of RFID Technology and Advantages &

Applications

Yatinkumar J Patel (search_result.php?search=Yatinkumar J Patel)

Assistant Professor, Electrical Department, KJIT, Vadodara, Gujarat, India


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87 Emission of F10.7 Solar Radio Flux and UV Flux Changes in

Relation with Sunspot Number during 1986 - 2017 Solar

Cycles

Antony Dhivya Tharshini. S (search_result.php?search=Antony

Dhivya Tharshini. S), Shanthi G (search_result.php?search= Shanthi

G)

Department of Physics and Research centre, Womenâ€™s Christian

College, Nagercoil Tamil Nadu, India


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88 Ageing Characteristics of Novel Polyurethanes and Its

Composites Based on Cardanol

Dr. N. J. Sangeetha (search_result.php?search=Dr. N. J. Sangeetha)

Department of Chemistry, Womenâ€™s Christian College, Nagercoil,

Tamil Nadu, India


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556-

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89 The Role of ICT in Gender Equality and Empowerment of

Women in India

Tohida Rehman (search_result.php?search=Tohida Rehman)

Department of Computer Science, Surendranath College (C.U), Kolkata,

West Bengal, India


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562-

565

90 Review on Image Processing Based Vehicle Detection &

Tracking System

Poonam A. Kandalkar (search_result.php?search=Poonam A.

Kandalkar), Gajanan P. Dhok (search_result.php?search= Gajanan P.

Dhok)

ME Scholar, Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering, Sipna College

of Engineering & Technology, Amravati, Maharashtra, India


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91 Management Information System Employee Bonus Reward

with TOPSIS Method as Decision Support

Wahyuddin Albra (search_result.php?search=Wahyuddin Albra),

Mohd. Heikal (search_result.php?search= Mohd. Heikal), Muammar

Khaddafi (search_result.php?search= Muammar Khaddafi), A Apridar

(search_result.php?search= A Apridar), D Damanhur

(search_result.php?search= D Damanhur), I Ichsan

(search_result.php?search= I Ichsan)

Department of Management, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh, Indonesia


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92 Comparative Study on Working Capital Management

Ganesh Konda (search_result.php?search=Ganesh Konda)

Department of Management and Commerce, Palamuru University,

Telangana, India


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93 Asian Options & Monte Carlo Methods

Mahesh S. Naik (search_result.php?search=Mahesh S. Naik)

Research Scholar, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University,

Chudela, Rajasthan, India


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94 Using Argumentation Application to Teach States and

Change of Matter in Basic School

Sylvester Donkoh (search_result.php?search=Sylvester Donkoh),

Bernice Doughan (search_result.php?search= Bernice Doughan)

Tutor, Science Department, Foso College of Education, Assin Foso, Ghana


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95 Implementing Reliable Traffic Prediction in Mobile Crowd

Devices

M. Ann Bency (search_result.php?search=M. Ann Bency)

Department of Computer Science, Prince Shri Venkateshwara

Padmavathy Engineering College, Ponmar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India


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603

96 Mrenda (Jew's Mallow) Germplasm Characterization by

Morphological Traits

Lelei D (search_result.php?search=Lelei D), Omami E

(search_result.php?search= Omami E), Ochuodho J

(search_result.php?search= Ochuodho J), Ngode L

(search_result.php?search= Ngode L)

Student, Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University

of Eldoret, Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya


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97 Study of Music Art in the Middle Ages

Dr. Manoj Kumar Singh (search_result.php?search=Dr. Manoj Kumar

Singh)

Department of Ancient History, Culture and Archeology, Allahabad

University, Allahabad


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612-

615

98 An Investigation of groundwater quality for drinking

purposes using hydro-chemical parameters in and around

Sandur Taluka, Bellary District, India

D. M. Thotappaiah (search_result.php?search=D. M. Thotappaiah), T.

Suresh (search_result.php?search= T. Suresh)

Department of Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University,

Bellary, Karnataka, India


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616-

620

99 Impacts, Challenges and Pitfalls of GST After

Implementation In India

Manjur Alam (search_result.php?search=Manjur Alam)

Masunda (N.B) Boys High School, New Barrack pore Kolkata, West Bengal,

India


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621-

628




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100 Fault Hub Replacement Algorithm for a Wireless Sensor

Network

S Srikanth (search_result.php?search=S Srikanth)

Department of ECE, Sree Dattha Institute of Engineering and Sciences,

Telangana, Tamil Nadu, India


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629-

633

101 Soft Switching Bidirectional DC-DC converter for Hybrid

Electric Vehicle Applications

M. Sravanthi (search_result.php?search=M. Sravanthi), B. Linganna

(search_result.php?search= B. Linganna), N. Revathi

(search_result.php?search= N. Revathi)

Assistant Professor, JBREC, Electrical and Electronics Department,

Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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634-

638

102 Preparation and Characterisation of Pure and Zn-doped

SnO2 Nanoparticles

K. Sujatha (search_result.php?search=K. Sujatha), T. Seethalakshmi

(search_result.php?search= T. Seethalakshmi)

Assistant Professor, PG Department of Physics, Vellalar College for

Women,Thindal, Tamilnadu, India


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639-

642




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103 The Glottal Fricative and Schwa Deletion in Hindi :

Implications for Speech Synthesis

Pramod Pandey (search_result.php?search=Pramod Pandey), M.

Mahesh (search_result.php?search= M. Mahesh ), Hemanga Dutta

(search_result.php?search= Hemanga Dutta)

Centre for Linguistics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India


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643-

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104 Innovative Solution of Nanoscience for Ecofrindly Control of

Mosquitoes : Plan for Community Health

Dr. Ashok Pandharbale (search_result.php?search=Dr. Ashok

Pandharbale)


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647-

649

105 Response Surface Methodological for Prediction of

Optimized Process Parameters in Abrasive Jet Machining of

Haste Alloy

Jongoni Srinivas (search_result.php?search=Jongoni Srinivas), Aapuri

Laxminarsimha Rao (search_result.php?search= Aapuri

Laxminarsimha Rao)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of

Technology, Hyderabad, India


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656




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106 Comparison of High Contact Ratio And Low Contact Ratio

Gears

Jongoni Srinivas (search_result.php?search=Jongoni Srinivas), Aapuri

Laxminarsimha Rao (search_result.php?search= Aapuri

Laxminarsimha Rao)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Keshav Memorial Institute of

Technology, Hyderabad, India


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657-

669

107 A Review on Architecture of Low Power VLSI Design

P. Sayanna (search_result.php?search=P. Sayanna)

Associate Professor, Principal for Diploma Polytechnic Department Of ECE

Sudheer Reddy College of Engineering & Technology (W) Keshapur Road,

Bardipur (Mdl); Dichpally, Nizamabad, Telangana.India.


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670-

674

108 Assessment of Inertial Frequency Support Provided by

Variable Speed Wind Generators

A Shyam Sunder (search_result.php?search=A Shyam Sunder),

Gaddam Srikanth (search_result.php?search= Gaddam Srikanth)

PG Scholar in EEE Department at University College of Engineering (A),

Osmania University Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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675-

683




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109 Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Antibacterial Activity of

Benzylmethyl-4-Methyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone

Shirisha Alle (search_result.php?search=Shirisha Alle)

Department of Organic Chemistry, Arts and Science College, Subedari,

Hanamkinda, Telangana, India


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650-

656

110 Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers., Cow Dung, and Selected Plant

Extracts Exhibit Antimicrobial Property Against Cariogenic

Streptococcus Species

Richa Sharma (search_result.php?search=Richa Sharma), Shailja

Singh (search_result.php?search= Shailja Singh)

Department of Agriculture, Food & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering

&Technology, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Womenâ€™s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan,

India


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650-

656

111 Analytical Study of Corporate Social Responsibility : Indian

Context

Salim Khan Damami (search_result.php?search=Salim Khan

Damami)

Research Scholar (Ph.D), M.G.S. University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India


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705-

710




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112 Survey on Optimization Techniques used for Resource

Allocation in Wireless Communication System

R. Kanmani (search_result.php?search=R. Kanmani), A. K. Kavitha

(search_result.php?search= A. K. Kavitha), Dr. S. Mary Praveena

(search_result.php?search= Dr. S. Mary Praveena)

Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of

Technology, Coimbatore, India


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711-

714

113 An Empirical Study of Digital Marketing and its Elements

Reena Malik (search_result.php?search=Reena Malik)

JCD Institute of Business Management, Sirsa, Haryana, Punjab, India


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715-

718

114 SMART local bus transport Management System using IoT

Vishal Pawar (search_result.php?search=Vishal Pawar), Nilesh P

Bhosale (search_result.php?search= Nilesh P Bhosale)

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, ZCOER, Pune,

Maharashtra , India


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719-

722

115 Role of Iron In Terms of Second Urbanization

Dr. Zabeba Islam (search_result.php?search=Dr. Zabeba Islam)

Ancient History, Culture and Archeology Department, Allahabad

University, Allahabad.


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723-

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116 Effect of Age on Death Anxiety

Dr. Jyotsna J. Parvadia (search_result.php?search=Dr. Jyotsna J.

Parvadia)

Department of Psychology Kamani Science and Prataprai Arts College,

Amreli, Gujarat, India


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730

117 An Overview on Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus

Parvaiz Ahmad Dar (search_result.php?search=Parvaiz Ahmad Dar),

Mohd Ishaq Dar (search_result.php?search= Mohd Ishaq Dar),

Mashooq Ahmad Dar (search_result.php?search= Mashooq Ahmad

Dar), Aarif Ali (search_result.php?search= Aarif Ali), Shahnawaz

Ahmad Wani (search_result.php?search= Shahnawaz Ahmad Wani)

Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir,

India


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731-

734

118 Flow visualization of air jet impingement on convex heated

surface - A Review

Chitranjan Agrawal (search_result.php?search=Chitranjan Agrawal)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and

Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology,

Udaipur, Rajasthan, India


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119 Increasing the Inducement if the Scholars to Analyze

Arithmetic

Bheema Nayak K (search_result.php?search=Bheema Nayak K), Mesa

Kalpana (search_result.php?search= Mesa Kalpana), Dasi Sandhya

(search_result.php?search= Dasi Sandhya)

M. Sc-Mathametics, Jagruthi College, Nagarjuna University, Hyderabad,

Telangana, India


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120 Problems Faced by Accounting Academics

K. Sai Santosh Kumar (search_result.php?search=K. Sai Santosh

Kumar), Abdul Matheen (search_result.php?search= Abdul Matheen),

Qamer Unnisa Hina (search_result.php?search= Qamer Unnisa

Hina), V. Sharmila (search_result.php?search= V. Sharmila)

M.Com, Department of Commerce St.Paulâ€Ÿs Degree & PG College,

Hyderabad,Telangana, India


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748-

754

121 Improving the Ability of Understanding Text Content in The

Critical Reading Material of Degree Students Faculty of

Educational of Medan State Universitsy Through Contextual

Teaching and Learning Strategy

Erlinda Simanungkalit (search_result.php?search=Erlinda

Simanungkalit), Edizal Hatmi (search_result.php?search= Edizal

Hatmi)

Faculty of Educational Studies, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan,

Indonesia


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763




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122 Vibrational Analysis and Inverse Vibatrional Problem (IVP)

of 4-Methyl Picolinic acid

J. Laxman Naik (search_result.php?search=J. Laxman Naik), Ch.

Sridhar (search_result.php?search= Ch. Sridhar), Naresh. B

(search_result.php?search= Naresh. B)

Department of Physics, UCS, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana,

India


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764-

768

123 Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems: A Review

Diriba Kajela (search_result.php?search=Diriba Kajela), Mukhdeep

Singh Manshahia (search_result.php?search= Mukhdeep Singh

Manshahia)

Department of Mathematics, Madda Walabu University, Robe Bale,

Ethiopia


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769-

795

124 Review on Green Buildings

Ashish Kumar Singh (search_result.php?search=Ashish Kumar

Singh), Zakir Ali hyderi (search_result.php?search= Zakir Ali hyderi),

Harikesh Singh (search_result.php?search= Harikesh Singh)

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Science IIMT, Greater Noida,

Uttar Pradesh, India


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800




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125 Allometry and Biomass Studies for Planted Mangroves of

Kantiyajal, Gujarat, India

Mrugesh Trivedi (search_result.php?search=Mrugesh Trivedi), Algiri

Thivakaran (search_result.php?search= Algiri Thivakaran), Karan

Bhatt (search_result.php?search= Karan Bhatt), Nikunj Bhayani

(search_result.php?search= Nikunj Bhayani), Haresh Bhuva

(search_result.php?search= Haresh Bhuva)

Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh

University, Mundra Road, Buj, Kachchh, Gujarat, India


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801-

805

126 A Review of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Jency George (search_result.php?search=Jency George), Manjusha W

A (search_result.php?search= Manjusha W A), Jegan S R

(search_result.php?search= Jegan S R), Mahija S P

(search_result.php?search= Mahija S P), Josphin J S

(search_result.php?search= Josphin J S)

Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Biotechnology,

Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Tamil Nadu, India


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806-

815




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127 Study on the Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Withania

somnifera on Hematological Parameters in Male Albino Rats

Shahzada Arif Hussain (search_result.php?search=Shahzada Arif

Hussain), Nisar Ahmad Bhat (search_result.php?search= Nisar

Ahmad Bhat), Gulzar Ahmad Bhat (search_result.php?search= Gulzar

Ahmad Bhat), Kusum Singh (search_result.php?search= Kusum

Singh), Mohmad Ishaq Bhat (search_result.php?search= Mohmad

Ishaq Bhat)

Department of Zoology Bundelkhand University Jhansi Uttar Pradesh,

India


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816-

824

128 Analytical Model for Rewetting Temperature during Jet

Impingement Surface Quenching

Chitranjan Agrawal (search_result.php?search=Chitranjan Agrawal)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and

Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology,

Udaipur, Rajasthan, India


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825-

831

129 Implementation of Cooperative Learning Strategy of STAD

type to Improve Learning Result of Social Sciences Studies

of Faculty Educational Sciences Students of Elementary

School Teacher Education Program Medan State University

Risma Sitohang (search_result.php?search=Risma Sitohang), Edizal

Hatmi (search_result.php?search= Edizal Hatmi)

Faculty of Educational Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan,

Indonesia


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130 GEM Equations and their Validity

Rampada Misra (search_result.php?search=Rampada Misra), Mukul

Chandra Das (search_result.php?search= Mukul Chandra Das)

Ex-Reader, Department of Physics (UG & PG), P. K. College, Contai, West

Bengal, India


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842-

849

131 Power Quality Enhancement of DC Motor Drive Using

Mulitple/Sinusoidal PWM Technique

K Iswarya Lakshmi (search_result.php?search=K Iswarya Lakshmi), M

Shanthi (search_result.php?search= M Shanthi), P A Suba Sree

(search_result.php?search= P A Suba Sree)

Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil

Nadu, India


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850-

855

132 Smart Mobile TV in the Technological Phones Integrating

with cloud Based Service Social Media Service

SK. Ahmad Shah (search_result.php?search=SK. Ahmad Shah), Dr.

Penmesta V. Krishna Raja (search_result.php?search= Dr. Penmesta

V. Krishna Raja)

Assistant Professor, Department of IT, Aditya College of Engineering &

Technology, Surampalem, Kakinada, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh,

India


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866




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133 Participatory GIS For Irrigation Management in Periyar Main

Canal Command Area - A Case Study of Kumaram Village,

Madurai District

R. Manonmani (search_result.php?search=R. Manonmani), Dr. R. S.

Suja Rose (search_result.php?search= Dr. R. S. Suja Rose)

Department of Environmental Remote Sensing and Cartography Madurai

Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. India


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862-

874

134 Simulation of Residual Stresses in Castings

B. Venu (search_result.php?search=B. Venu), Dr. R. Ramachandra

(search_result.php?search= Dr. R. Ramachandra)

M.Tech Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, SKD Engineering

College, Gooty, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India


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875-

890

135 Design and Analysis of 150CC IC Engine Connecting ROD

Amaravathi Rajugopal Varma (search_result.php?search=Amaravathi

Rajugopal Varma), Dr. R. Ramachandra (search_result.php?search=

Dr. R. Ramachandra)

M.Tech Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SKD Engineering

College, Gooty, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India


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136 Water Quality Monitoring in Fox Sagar Lake, Jeedimetla,

Hyderabad, Telangana

A. Rajani (search_result.php?search=A. Rajani), E. M. Sunitha

(search_result.php?search= E. M. Sunitha), A. Kavitha

(search_result.php?search= A. Kavitha), D. Pankaja

(search_result.php?search= D. Pankaja), S. Anitha

(search_result.php?search= S. Anitha)

Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, RBVRR Womens College,

Narayanguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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905-

908

137 Green Lifecycle

Nishad. N (search_result.php?search=Nishad. N)

Research Scholar, Education Kerala University Library, Palayam,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India


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909-

913

138 Studies in Properties of Microcrystalline and Paraffin Waxes

with the Help of Gas Chromatography (GC), DSC, FT-IR and

by Conventional Methods

Atul P. Dwivedi (search_result.php?search=Atul P. Dwivedi), Dr. G. K.

Ghosal (search_result.php?search= Dr. G. K. Ghosal), Dr. P. N.

Belkhode (search_result.php?search= Dr. P. N. Belkhode)

Research Scholar, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur,

Maharashtra, India


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922-

929




Page

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139 Analysis of Different Recognition Technique Classification

and their Accuracy Measure over Odia Script-A Review

Rajat Ketan Sahu (search_result.php?search=Rajat Ketan Sahu), Anita

Minz (search_result.php?search= Anita Minz), Sagarika Mishra

(search_result.php?search= Sagarika Mishra), Chandrasekhar Panda

(search_result.php?search= Chandrasekhar Panda)

Department of Computer Science and Application, Sambalpur University,

Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha, India


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930-

937

140 Single Queue Based Algorithm for Mutual Exclusion iIn

Distributed Systems

Ashish Chauhan (search_result.php?search=Ashish Chauhan),

Chandrabhushan Prasad (search_result.php?search=

Chandrabhushan Prasad), Kanupriya (search_result.php?search=

Kanupriya)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, IIMT College of

Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India


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938-

940

141 Spiritual Intelligence and Factors Affecting Personality of

Adolescent

Pratima (search_result.php?search=Pratima)

Resource Person Department of Education Indira Gandhi University,

Meerpur, Haryana, India


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941-

947




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142 An impact of Cable TV Digitization on Viewer Satisfaction

Gaurav (search_result.php?search=Gaurav)

Ph.D Research Scholar Department of Business Administration,

Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India


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948-

951

143 A Study of Attitude of Secondary School Students Towards

Environmental Education

Anil Kumar (search_result.php?search=Anil Kumar)

Resource Person Department of Education Indira Gandhi University,



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952-

957

144 The Concept of Urban Sustainability : The Key Component In

Achieving Sustainable Development of Cities

Dr. Mohan Singh Panwar (search_result.php?search=Dr. Mohan

Singh Panwar), Sristi Thapliyal (search_result.php?search= Sristi

Thapliyal)

Associate Professor, Department of Geography, HNB Garhwal University,

Srinagar,Uttarakhand, India


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958-

963




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145 A Comparative Analysis of Spatial Interpolation Incidence of

Tuberculosis Prevalence in Karnataka

Talluri Rameshwari K R (search_result.php?search=Talluri

Rameshwari K R), Rakshitha Rani N (search_result.php?search=

Rakshitha Rani N), Sunila (search_result.php?search= Sunila), Ravi

Kumar M (search_result.php?search= Ravi Kumar M), Sumana K

(search_result.php?search= Sumana K)

Division of Microbiology, Department of Water and Health, Faculty of Life

Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri

Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysuru, India


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964-

975

146 Age Group Determination from Face Using Texture

Classification based on Probabilistic Non-Extensive Entropy

Aruna Bhat (search_result.php?search=Aruna Bhat)

Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi, India


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976-

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147 ID-Based Data Integrity Scheme Using Cluster Method For

Wireless Sensor Networks

M. Mohammed Mohiddin (search_result.php?search=M. Mohammed

Mohiddin)

JNTUA College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India


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983-

989




Page

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148 Studies in Properties of Animal Waxes : Bees and Shellac

Waxes Using DSC, FT-IR and Conventional Methods of

Testing




Research Scholar, Laxminarayan Institute of technology, Nagpur,

Maharashtra, India


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990-

993

149 Studies in Properties of Plant Waxes : Carnauba and

Candelilla Waxes Using DSC, FT-IR and Conventional

Methods of Testing




Research Scholar, Laxminarayan Institute of technology, Nagpur ,

Maharashtra, India


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994-

997




Page

(s)

150 CuI.PPh3 Based Functionalized Aromatic Organocopper

Reagents Efficient in the Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bond

with Epoxides

Santosh S. Devkate (search_result.php?search=Santosh S. Devkate),

Arvind S. Burungale (search_result.php?search= Arvind S.

Burungale), Sunil D. Jadhav (search_result.php?search= Sunil D.

Jadhav), Ashok S. Pise (search_result.php?search= Ashok S. Pise),

Ramesh B. Gawade (search_result.php?search= Ramesh B. Gawade),

Mohan B. Kale (search_result.php?search= Mohan B. Kale)

S.M. Joshi College Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, India


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998-

1001

151 Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Budhjungnagar

Industrial Estate and A D Nagar, Dukli & Badharghat

Industrial Cluster of Tripura West District, Tripura State,

India by Water Quality Index Method

M. K. Singh (search_result.php?search=M. K. Singh), Bishu Karmakar

(search_result.php?search= Bishu Karmakar)

Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura,

India


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1002-

1010




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152 Agricultural Land Apportionment through Goal

Programming

Sasank Mouli Kommerce (search_result.php?search=Sasank Mouli

Kommerce), Dr. Raghunath Reddy (search_result.php?search= Dr.

Raghunath Reddy), Dr. J Ramesh Babu (search_result.php?search=

Dr. J Ramesh Babu)

Department of OR & SQC, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra

Pradesh, India


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1011-

1015

153 A Study of Removal of Heavy Metals on Low Cost

Biosorbents

Alka Yadav (search_result.php?search=Alka Yadav)

Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science Indira Gandhi

University, Meerpur, Haryana, India


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1016-

1019

154 Effect of Electrode Materials and Optimization of Electric

Discharge Machining of M Tool Steel Using Grey-Taguchi

Analysis

Devidas M. Kolse (search_result.php?search=Devidas M. Kolse), Dr. R

K Shrivastava (search_result.php?search= Dr. R K Shrivastava )

M.E. Student, Govt. College of Engineering Aurangabad, Maharashtra,

India


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1020-

1027

2




Page

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155 Fuzzy based Controller for rectifiers of a Direct-Drive

Permanent-Magnet Wind Power Generator

P. Kaseem (search_result.php?search=P. Kaseem), M. Ramasekhara

Reddy (search_result.php?search= M. Ramasekhara Reddy)

PG Scholar, Power and Industrial Drives, Dept. of EEE, JNTUA college of

Engg., Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India


Show More

1028-

1034

156 Need of Lean Six Sigma in Indian Manufacturing Industries

Naveen Virmani (search_result.php?search=Naveen Virmani),

Siddharth Singh (search_result.php?search= Siddharth Singh), Md.

Mahmeen (search_result.php?search= Md. Mahmeen)

Assistant Professor, IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar

Pradesh, India


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1035-

1036

157 Role of Human Factors in Successful Implementation of

Total Quality Management in Indian Manufacturing

Industries : A Review

Deepika Saroha (search_result.php?search=Deepika Saroha), Naveen

Virmani (search_result.php?search= Naveen Virmani), Siddharth

Chauhan (search_result.php?search= Siddharth Chauhan)

Assistant Professor, IIMT College of Engineering, Greater Noida, Uttar

Pradesh, India


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1037-

1038




Page

(s)

158 Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Mantrala

Lake, Hyderabad

Laxmi Poornima Chawhan (search_result.php?search=Laxmi

Poornima Chawhan), K. Shailaja (search_result.php?search= K.

Shailaja)

Research Scholar, Department of Environmental Science, Osmania

University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


Show More

1039-

1042

159 Dry Sliding Wear Resistance Investigation of 316l by

Induction Hardening Process

B Sagar (search_result.php?search=B Sagar), Dr. Ram Subbaiah

(search_result.php?search= Dr. Ram Subbaiah)

PG student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GRIET, Hyderabad,

Telangana, India


Show More

1043-

1046

160 Design of Opinion Mining Model for Opinions Review on

World Wide Web by Mobile Computing

Nayan S. Patel (search_result.php?search=Nayan S. Patel ), Dr. Dipti

B. Shah (search_result.php?search= Dr. Dipti B. Shah), Dr. H. B.

Bhadka (search_result.php?search= Dr. H. B. Bhadka)

M.Sc. (Information Technology), B.N.Patel Institute of Paramedical And

Science/ Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India


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1047-

1049




Page

(s)

161 Spectrophotometric Study on Adduct Formation Constants

of Nickel(II) Chelates of Di(O-Tolylcarbazone) and Di

(O-Tolylthiocarbazone) with Nitrogen Bases Using Job's

Method of Continuous Variation Method

Shivaraj (search_result.php?search=Shivaraj), T. Suresh

(search_result.php?search= T. Suresh)

Department of Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University,

Bellary, Karnataka, India


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1050-

1057

162 Role of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) on Organic Waste

Management and Pollution Control in Indian Thar Desert

K. R. Panwar (search_result.php?search=K. R. Panwar)

Department of Zoology, Government College, Jodhpur, India


Show More

1058-

1062

163 An Earthworm : Bio-indicator of Ultra Violet (UV) Radiation

in Environment

K. R. Panwar (search_result.php?search=K. R. Panwar)

Department of Zoology, Government College, Jodhpur, India


Show More

1063-

1064




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(s)

164 A Study of Online Shopping : Effect of Gender on Customer

Perception

Reena Malik (search_result.php?search=Reena Malik)

JCD Institute of Business Management, Sirsa, Haryana, India


Show More

1065-

1068

165 Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evalution of

Sterculia Foetida L. Stem Bark

Shaikh M. D. (search_result.php?search=Shaikh M. D.), Dhotre R. S.

(search_result.php?search= Dhotre R. S.), Kare M. A.

(search_result.php?search= Kare M. A.)

Department of Botany, Pratishthan Mahavidyalaya, Paithan, Aurangabad,

Maharastra, India


Show More

1069-

1072

166 Ultrasound Assisted Convenient and Efficient Protocol for

Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones

Ashok S. Pise (search_result.php?search=Ashok S. Pise), Arvind S.

Burungale (search_result.php?search= Arvind S. Burungale), Ramesh

B. Gawade (search_result.php?search= Ramesh B. Gawade), Santosh

S. Devkate (search_result.php?search= Santosh S. Devkate), Sunil D.

Jadhav (search_result.php?search= Sunil D. Jadhav)

Department of Chemistry, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Karjat, Ahmednagar,

Maharashtra, India


Show More

1073-

1075




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(s)

167 Interpretation of Works in Poetry

Mayank Shekhar Jha (search_result.php?search=Mayank Shekhar

Jha)

Sanskrit Department, Allahabad University, Allahabad, India


Show More

1167-

1177

168 Detection of Salient Region by Local Spatial Support & High

Dimensional Color Transform

Pooja A. Khodaskar (search_result.php?search=Pooja A. Khodaskar),

Prof. A. P. Dhande (search_result.php?search= Prof. A. P. Dhande)

M.E Student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, P.

R. Pote (Patil) GP of Edu. Inst. College of Engineering & Management,

Amravati, Maharashtra, India


Show More

1178-

1184

169 Socio-Economic Aspects and Mangrove Resource Utilization

by People in Creek based Villages of Krishna District

Prabhakar Rao V. V. (search_result.php?search=Prabhakar Rao V. V.),

Prabhakar Rao V. V. (search_result.php?search= Prabhakar Rao V. V.)

Department of Sciences & Humanities, Andhra Loyola Institute of

Engineering and Technology,Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India


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1185-

1190




Page

(s)

170 Sugar Industry Waste Recycling Through Vermicompost by

Eisenia foetida (Savigny)

Boopathiayyanar Muthukrishnan (search_result.php?

search=Boopathiayyanar Muthukrishnan), Prabakaran Swaminathan

(search_result.php?search= Prabakaran Swaminathan)

Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil

Nadu, India


Show More

1191-

1198

171 Measurement of Average Thermal Neutron Flux for PGNAA

Setup

Dalpat Meena (search_result.php?search=Dalpat Meena), S. K.

Guptaa (search_result.php?search= S. K. Guptaa), H. S. Palsania

(search_result.php?search= H. S. Palsania), Narendra Jakhar

(search_result.php?search= Narendra Jakhar), Naresh Chejara

(search_result.php?search= Naresh Chejara), Pushpa Meena

(search_result.php?search= Pushpa Meena)

Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India


Show More

1199-

1203

172 A Process for Preparation of 2-[6-substituted-[1,2,4]-triazolo

[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole-3-yl]phenol and it's Antimicrobial

Activity

Ramesh N. Patel (search_result.php?search=Ramesh N. Patel), Vipul

B. Audichya (search_result.php?search= Vipul B. Audichya), Kantilal S.

Patel (search_result.php?search= Kantilal S. Patel)

Department of Chemistry Municipal Arts and Urban Bank Science College,

Mehsana, Gujarat, India


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1204-

1211




Page

(s)

173 Comparative Sliding Wear Studies Among Flame Hardening

and Induction Hardening Processes on 316l Stainless Steel

B. Sagar (search_result.php?search=B. Sagar), Dr. Ram Subbaiah

(search_result.php?search= Dr. Ram Subbaiah)

PG student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, GRIET, Hyderabad,

Telangana, India


Show More

1212-

1216

174 Rice Genotypes in Diverse Seasons under Brackish

Environment

P. Nagesh (search_result.php?search=P. Nagesh), B. Laxmaiah

(search_result.php?search= B. Laxmaiah), Jhansi K

(search_result.php?search= Jhansi K)

Department of Geography, University College of Science, Osmania

University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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1217-

1222

175 Human Resource Information System

Deepa Kumari (search_result.php?search=Deepa Kumari)

MBA, Amity Business School, Amity University, Gurgaon, India


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1223-

1229




Page

(s)

176 Performance and Analytical Study of Various Mutual Funds

Poonam Devi (search_result.php?search=Poonam Devi)

Commerce Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Maharishi

Dayanand University, Rohtak Haryana, India


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1230-

1234

177 A Novel Robust Approach for Moving Object Detection and

Tracking in Video Surveillance System

C. Kathirvel (search_result.php?search=C. Kathirvel), D. Mohanapriya

(search_result.php?search= D. Mohanapriya), Dr. K. Mahesh

(search_result.php?search= Dr. K. Mahesh)

M. Phil Scholar, Department of Computer Applications , Alagappa

University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India


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1235-

1241

178 A Study of Student's Examination Anxiety

Geeta Devi (search_result.php?search=Geeta Devi)

Assistant Professor, Modern College of Education Pali, Rewari, Haryana,

India


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1242-

1247




Page

(s)

179 Bianchi Type-VIo Wet Dark Fluid Cosmological Model with

Linearly Varying Deceleration Parameter in f(R,T) Gravity

A. Y. Shaikh (search_result.php?search=A. Y. Shaikh), K. S. Wankhade

(search_result.php?search= K. S. Wankhade), S. R. Bhoyar

(search_result.php?search= S. R. Bhoyar)

Department of Mathematics , Indira Gandhi Mahavidyalaya, Ralegaon,

Maharashtra, India


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1248-

1254

180 An Analysis of the Role of the Agriculture Sector : Case of

Zimbabwe

Mufaro Andrew Matandare (search_result.php?search=Mufaro

Andrew Matandare)

Faculty of Commerce, BA ISAGO University, Gaborone, Botswana, P. Bag

149, Kgale Hill Postnet, Gaborone, Botswana


Show More

1255-

1263

181 Design and Analysis of Tank Ring Wall Foundation by using

STAAD Pro V8i

D. Nagesh (search_result.php?search=D. Nagesh), Dr. C. Sasidhar

(search_result.php?search= Dr. C. Sasidhar)

PG Scholar, Deperment of Civil Engineering, JNTUA,Andhra Pradesh, India


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1264-

1266




Page

(s)

182 One Dimensional State Space Approach to Thermoelastic

Interactions with Viscosity

Kavita Jain (search_result.php?search=Kavita Jain), Renu Yadav

(search_result.php?search= Renu Yadav)

Department of Mathematics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science

and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India


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1267-

1273

183 A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Cynopyridines

Dipak C. Patel (search_result.php?search=Dipak C. Patel)

The H. N. S. B. Ltd. Science College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat. India


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1274-

1280

184 Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Chalcone based

1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] Pyrimidines

Amish P. Khamar (search_result.php?search=Amish P. Khamar )

Arts, Science & R. A. Patel Commerce College, Bhadran, Gujarat, India


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1281-

1287

185 Multicomponent One-Pot Synthesis and Biological

Evaluation of Pyrano[2,3-C] Pyrazoles

Nirul V. Gothi (search_result.php?search=Nirul V. Gothi)

Arts, Science & R. A. Patel commerce college, Bhadran, Gujarat, India


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1288-

1295




Page

(s)

186 Wear Characteristics of LM13 Alloy with Course Size of

Rutile Reinforcement

Rama Arora (search_result.php?search=Rama Arora)

Department of Physics, Postgraduate Govt. College for Girl, Chandigarh,

Punjab, India


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1296-

1300

187 Working Woman's Problems and Challenges - A Survey

Neetu Anand (search_result.php?search=Neetu Anand), Dhruvi Goyal

(search_result.php?search= Dhruvi Goyal)

Assistant Professor, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Affiliated to GGSIP

University, New Delhi, India


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1301-

1307

188 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA)

Sonal Shashikant Waghmare (search_result.php?search=Sonal

Shashikant Waghmare), Prof. Ashish P. Waghmare

(search_result.php?search= Prof. Ashish P. Waghmare )

PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D. Y. PATIL School of

Engineering and Technology, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India


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1308-

1311




Page

(s)

189 Impact of Real Estate Regulation and Development Act

(RERA) on India's Real Estate Sector

Somdutta P. Patil (search_result.php?search=Somdutta P. Patil), Prof.

Ashish P. Waghmare (search_result.php?search= Prof. Ashish P.

Waghmare)

PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D. Y. PATIL School of

Engineering and Technology, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India


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1312-

1316

190 Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India

Sabeet (search_result.php?search=Sabeet)

Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi University,



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1317-

1324

191 Teachers Effectiveness in Relations to Their Emotional

Maturity and Hardiness

Deepika (search_result.php?search=Deepika)

Assistant Professor, JR Memorial College of Education, Rewari, Haryana,

India


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1325-

1328




Page

(s)

192 Phenotype Frequencies of Blood Group Systems (ABO, Rh,

Kell) Among Deferent Patients in Jaipur-India

Ziad Amran (search_result.php?search=Ziad Amran), Prof. Dr. Manju

Mhera (search_result.php?search= Prof. Dr. Manju Mhera), Prof. Dr.

Pankaj Agarwal (search_result.php?search= Prof. Dr. Pankaj Agarwal)

Ph.d Research Scholar in Medical Lab Technology-Pathology, NIMS

Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India


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1329-

1332

193 A Study of Deforestation In India

Dr. Sunita Kalra (search_result.php?search=Dr. Sunita Kalra)

Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Indira Gandhi University,

Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, India


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1333-

1335

194 Three Divorce : Yaksh Prasan of Human Rights

Prabhat Kumar Singh (search_result.php?search=Prabhat Kumar

Singh)

Research Students Department of Political Science Allahabad University

Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India


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1336-

1340




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(s)

195 A Review on Various Approaches for data Preserving

Clustering in Data Mining

Deep Kumar (search_result.php?search=Deep Kumar)

Software Engineer, Igniva Solutions Private Limited, Mohali, Punjab, India


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1341-

1345

196 Consequence of Security Attacks in MANET

Dr. K. Rama Krishna Reddy (search_result.php?search=Dr. K. Rama

Krishna Reddy)

Associate Professor, Department of CSE, Malla Reddy Engineering College

(A), Hyderabad, Telangana, India


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1346-

1352

197 Different Techniques of Biometric Authentication

Gagan Madaan (search_result.php?search=Gagan Madaan), Chahat

Monga (search_result.php?search= Chahat Monga)

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Application S. U.

S. Panjab University, Constituent College, Guru Harsahai, Punjab, India


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1353-

1358

198 Explanation of national sentiment in Shrimadbhagwadgita

Pooja Jaiswal (search_result.php?search=Pooja Jaiswal)

Research Students Department of Political Science Allahabad University

Allahabad Uttar Pradesh India


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1359-

1363




Page

(s)

199 A Review on Various Approaches of Image Segmentation

Varun Maini (search_result.php?search=Varun Maini)

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Applications,

S.U.S. Panjab University Constituent College Guru Harsahai, Punjab, India


Show More

1364-

1369

200 Study of Zooplankton Diversity in Vadsar Village Pond at

Gandhinagar District of Gujarat

G. P. Prajapati (search_result.php?search=G. P. Prajapati)

Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Bhavanâ€™s Sheth R. A.

College of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.


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1370-

1373

201 Investigation on Security Challenges over a Cloud

Computing

Paladi Bhavani (search_result.php?search=Paladi Bhavani ),Cholleti

Jyothi (search_result.php?search=Cholleti Jyothi )

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,

TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India


Show More

1374-

1380

202 Poet Balbhadra Goswami Distracted Introduction to

Setubandham Drama

Monika Yadav (search_result.php?search=Monika Yadav)

(IRF) Lucknow University, Lucknow, India


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1381-

1384




Page

(s)

203 Overall education and Indian Thinkers

Dr. Sangeeta Singh (search_result.php?search=Dr. Sangeeta Singh)

495/1, Alopi Bagh, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India


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1385-

1387

204 Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles using Ziziphus

Mauritiana L. Extract and Its Characterizations

Shreyas Pansambal (search_result.php?search=Shreyas Pansambal),

Sonali Gavande (search_result.php?search= Sonali Gavande), Suresh

Ghotekar (search_result.php?search= Suresh Ghotekar), Rajeshwari

Oza (search_result.php?search= Rajeshwari Oza), Keshav Deshmukh

(search_result.php?search= Keshav Deshmukh)

Department of Chemistry, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science

College, Sangamner, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra, India


Show More

1388-

1392

205 Gender Inequality in School Education

Dr. Sangeeta Singh (search_result.php?search=Dr. Sangeeta Singh)

495/ 1 Alopibag, Allahabad , India


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1393-

1395

206 Need of Proper Ground Water Level for Crop Production

Dr. Padmavathi (search_result.php?search=Dr. Padmavathi)

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, L.V.D College,

Raichur, Karnataka, India


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1396-

1399




Page

(s)

207 Philosophical Explanations in Upanishads

Nilesh Mishra (search_result.php?search=Nilesh Mishra)

Sutraputra Sanskrit Department Allahabad University, Allahabad, India


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1400-

1403

208 "Sanatan Dharma in Shrimadbhagwadgita"

Deepchad Yadav (search_result.php?search=Deepchad Yadav)

Sutraputra Sanskrit Department Allahabad University, Allahabad, India


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1404-

1408

209 Craft and Roof Scheme Described in Bhattika

Deepchad Yadav (search_result.php?search=Deepchad Yadav)

Sanskrit Department Allahabad University, Allahabad, India


Show More

1409-

1412

210 Mathematics and Medicine In Ancient Indian History

Shailendra Kumar Yadav (search_result.php?search=Shailendra

Kumar Yadav)

Ancient History Culture and Archeology Department, Allahabad

University, Allahabad


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1413-

1415




Page

(s)

211 Characterization of Banana Shaped Crystal and their

Assemblies

Vijaykumar (search_result.php?search=Vijaykumar), Dr. Gurunath. K. B (search_result.php?search= Dr. Gurunath. K. B), Dr. S. M. Khened(search_result.php?search= Dr. S. M. Khened)Research Scholar, VTU RRC, Belagavi, Karnataka, India DOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845253 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4103.pdf)

Show More

1416-1419

212 Hatha Yoga: A review

Ramanand (search_result.php?search=Ramanand)Sanskrit and Prakrit Linguistics Department of Lucknow University, LucknowDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845285 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4110.pdf)

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1420-1425

212 Review of Indian Currency Scripts

Dr. Umesh Tiwari (search_result.php?search=Dr. Umesh Tiwari)History, Culture and Reconstruction Department, Allahabad University, Allahabad, IndiaDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845290 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4113.pdf)

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1426-1430

213 Sati customs prevalent in former medieval Indian society

Dr. Sandeep Kumar Yadav (search_result.php?search=Dr. Sandeep Kumar Yadav)Village/Post- Malipur, Dist- Ambedkar Nagar, (U.P) 224159 , LucknowDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845352 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4188.pdf)

Show More

1426-1433




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214 South Policy of Mughal Rulers

Nishant Kumar (search_result.php?search=Nishant Kumar)Research Scholar (history department) Allahabad University, Allahabad, LucknowDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845353 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4189.pdf)

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1434-1438

214 South Policy of Mughal Rulers

Nishant Kumar (search_result.php?search=Nishant Kumar)Research Scholar (history department) Allahabad University, Allahabad, LucknowDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST18454189 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4253.pdf)

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1434-1438

215 Ideas of Modern Indian Democracy and Pandit Deen Dayal

Upadhyay

Pooja Singh (search_result.php?search=Pooja Singh)Department of Political Science Department Banaras Hindu University, IndiaDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845375 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4209.pdf)

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1439-1441

216 Environmental Cognition In Kalidas's Works In The Present

Perspective

Anuj Kumar Nirmal (search_result.php?search=Anuj Kumar Nirmal)Research Scholar, Allahabad University, Allahabad, LucknowDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845418 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4252.pdf)

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1442-1446




Page

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217 War Women and State

Harish Kumar Yadav (search_result.php?search=Harish Kumar Yadav)Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Allahabad University, Allahabad, IndiaDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845419 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4254.pdf)

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1447-1449

218 Study of Litter Biomass of a Grassland Community of

Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha

J. R. Sahu (search_result.php?search=J. R. Sahu), K. L. Barik(search_result.php?search= K. L. Barik)Lecturer in Botany, Meghasan College, Nudadiha, Mayurbhanj, Odisha (Research Scholar of North Orissa University, Odisha, India DOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845428 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4263.pdf)

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1450-1454

219 Half hometown and communalism

Govind Verma (search_result.php?search=Govind Verma)Gram-Ahinarpur, Post-Hirapatti, Â District-Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845439 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4271.pdf)

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1455-1456

220 Slums in India : The Mirror of Indian Urban Problems

Desh Deepak Singh (search_result.php?search=Desh Deepak Singh)Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Allahabad, India DOI : 10.32628/IJSRST1845444 ( https://ijsrst.com/paper/4279.pdf)

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1457-1459




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221 A Review on Genetic Algorithm and Its Applications

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IJSRST173849 | Received : 08 Nov 2017 | Accepted : 20 Nov 2017 | November-December-2017 [(3)8: 235-243]

© 2017 IJSRST | Volume 3 | Issue 8 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology

235

Towards A New Framework for CSR : Renegotiating Ethics and Business in Indonesia

Baiq Wardhani*, I Gede Wahyu Wicaksana, Vinsensio Dugis Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) aims to mediate between business interests and local communities. It consists

of social, economic, ethical and environmental dimensions. Established studies, however, indicate that the economic

profit remains to be the most visible objective of CSR activities, which in turn engenders massive disaffection and

resistance to the programs. This article offers a new framework for CSR through which applicable policies can be

formulated to renegotiate the disintegrative aspects of corporate and community interactions in an Indonesian

context. The idea encompasses both regulatory and operational principles enabling for the enlargement of the ethical

component of CSR.

Keywords: Indonesia, CSR, business profit, ethics, policy improvement.

I. INTRODUCTION

The relationship between business and ethics is an

intriguing area of study. However, there is still no single

paradigm or theory which is universally accepted by

scholars and practitioners in the field of business ethics

as their term of reference for doing research and analysis.

As a result, debate revolves around knowledge and

guidance of the application of social ethics for activities

related to private business interests. A striking question

arises as to what extent has the field of business ethics

contributes in significant ways to developing

communities and their environment, and in the wider

context how business ethics enables the making of a just

economic order for all which is regarded to be the

primary aim of ethical studies1.

Following one-year extensive literature review of the

recent publications on business ethics – focusing reading

on five academic journals, such as Journal of Business

Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly, International Journal

of Business Governance and Ethics, and Business &

Professional Ethics Journal – this study argues that there

comes about a propensity of increasing intersection

among the erstwhile separated discourse of corporate

1 M. Wallace and N. Sheldon, “Business research ethics: participant

observer perspectives”. Journal of Business Ethics, vol 128 no. 2, pp.

367-369, 2015.

social responsibility, community development, public

goods and trust, as well as clean governance. The

developing conceptual integration sends a signal of the

rise of the new epistemological approach to which it is

more plausible undertaking scientific investigations into

the underlying factors influencing the effectiveness of

corporate social responsibility programs from the ethical

side. The center of the trend is on how possible ethical

elements in the corporate social responsibility activities

are widen so that they promote and advance

understandings about better connections between the

economic and social aspects of business.

This study explains why since corporate social

responsibility has been designed to meet the goal of

ethical business behavior of private enterprise, in fact,

the economic component remains to be dominating the

implementation rather than its purported social one.

Based on this explanation, the study is directed to

discover the links between business economic value and

practice and the core agenda of ethical action built upon

general principles of justice. Thus, what is presented

here is the issue concerned with the normative view on

business-community interactions. In other words, the

study aims to renegotiate the boundaries between the

economically oriented business and the ethically

acceptable impact of corporate operation.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology (www.ijsrst.com)

236

II. METHODS AND MATERIAL

A study on Indonesia is conducted to look at the

empirical ground on which multinational corporations

make business in which corporate social responsibility is

used to upholding harmonious relations between

international economic actors and local communities. It

has something important to do with Indonesian case

because of two reasons. First, with the country’s large

amount of natural and human resources, the Indonesian

government always tries to boost foreign investments to

help accelerate domestic economic performance.

Nevertheless, the top down policies on luring external

capital inflow are never suited with the necessity of

protecting local people’s traditional interests and even

basic needs. Consequently, incompatibilities driving

conflict between corporate and community takes place

everywhere throughout industrial sites. Second, the

unpleasant situation resulted from corporate-community

conflict is frequently exacerbated by the government’s

attitudes leaning toward the corporate’s interests,

ignoring the local’s complain and reasonable resistance.

But this irony is set out to become the normal practice of

corporate social responsibility.

Drawing on such an Indonesian portrait, this study

intends to introduce a framework to comprehend idea

and practice to narrow the gap between business and

ethical conduct. It is important to note, however, that the

study does not mean to construct general perceptions

and theories about ethical business actions. Rather, it

attempts to address the puzzle of how to bring closer ties

between the business and the ethicist positions.

The main discussion is divided into two parts. The first

section analyzes why corporate social responsibility

programs in Indonesia fail to fulfill their ethical mission

of uplifting community’s social welfare and justice. It

offers an inquiry of two interrelated factors; social

corporatism as the fundamental of business behavior and

reciprocal justice which is the main characteristic of a

fair economic order. The two factors are conceived from

the synthesis of normative and communitarian theories

of social work2. The second part reveals the agenda of

building the conceptual bridge between ethical business

and social achievements in which corporate social

responsibility is functioned to accomplish the morally-

2 A. Malachowski, Business Ethics: Critical Perspective on Business

and Management. London; New York: Routledge, 2001, pp. 3-5.

inspired objectives. In the conclusion, the study

emphasizes on the important points leading to the

Indonesian view of business ethics.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. On the Causes of the Problem

The concept of social corporatism is derived from an

idea about the significance of social contracts between

business and community. Every individual business,

working group of professionals or consortium of

businesses exists within societies whose foundation of

living lies in particular cultures and norms containing

moral values. This concept is quite reflexive to

integrative social contracts theory which depicts and

explains business-community relationships through

deductive logics, allowing for the synergic coalescence

between normative and theoretical considerations for the

large scope of context3

. In the social corporatism

conception, however, the meaning of social interaction

and dialogic communications is deemed more

important4i

. For this reason, the conception of justice is

understood as reciprocal between stakeholders involved5.

Hence, business and its tools like corporate social

responsibility need authentic moral legitimacy provided

by the extant community. Every business planning and

implementation of corporate social responsibility must

be legitimized by the local peoples who are the

traditional stakeholder of natural resources and relevant

activities associated with natural resource extraction and

management.

In Indonesia, the implementation of social corporatism

on the extant social contracts in smaller communities has

often faced impediments. It usually merges into the

practice of a less binding contract, forged in

communities where cultural and context-specific

learning about ethics cannot take place properly due to

structural barriers. The less binding contract represents

3 J. Peeters, “Sustainable development: a mission of social work? a

normative approach”. Journal of Social Intervention: Theory and

Practice, vol 21 no. 2, pp 5-22, 2012. 4 D. Windsor, “Dynamics of integrative social contracts theory: norm

evolution and individual mobility”. Journal of Business Ethics, 12

February 2016, pp. 3-5. 5 T. Dunfee, “A critical perspective of integrative social contracts

theory: recurring criticism and next generation research topics”.

Journal of Business Ethics, vol 68 no. 3, pp. 303-328, 2006.


237

agreements or shared understandings about the moral

norms relevant to certain economic interactions which

many respect were confusing for the society members to

follow in. Moreover, the majority of the local peoples

may not want to bargain for some part of normative

values appeared in the lexicon of the freedom

represented by the ability to endorse their less binding

contract. Both the companies and the peoples do not

enjoy similar status for moral free space6. In other words,

if it is seen from the corporate side, the business can go

even without difficulties when no social legitimacy is

achievable in hands.

Local communities, for instance in industrial sites of the

Java Island, never like to specify formal ethical norms

for their members through the lack of social corporatism

manner. In the business owners’ view, however,

community means to be a self-defined, self-identified

collectivity of individuals who interact in the context of

shared tasks, values, or goals and who are capable of

establishing norms of ethical behavior merely for

themselves. Meanwhile, the business pursues everything

regarding ethical conduct and perception in their own

standpoint.

While not fully relying on the concept and policy

guidance for upholding social corporatism, the

Indonesian government introduced the idea that

businesses may use a mediating institution to obtain

social goals, especially reciprocal justice demanded

under the law on private enterprise. The political actor –

the government – and the economic actor – corporates –

have agreed to transform the ground where morality is

best socialized and imposed on business-community

exchange. The mediating institutions would include a

small group of people working together, such as

representatives of local families, religious leaders,

voluntary activists, and local bureaucrats. The small

group mechanism gives both corporates and

communities the opportunity and capacity to control the

environment in which they work. By and large, the small

group receives greater authorities, including designing

directions of what projects and activities to be held for

corporate social responsibility. They can designate items

of the agenda platform, no exception for the

6 J. Dempsey, “Pluralistic ethics: the significance and justification of

moral free space in integrative social contracts theory”. Business

Ethics: A European Perspective, vol 20, pp. 253-255.

preconditions of reciprocal justice7

. In this context,

however, the concept of reciprocal justice is

incrementally introduced, taught, and applied as to

covering the most essential aspect of personal

autonomous initiatives and the larger societal responses.

It reflects imbalance, though not set to offer solution

over the corporate-community unequal gain.

The situation has implications for both economic and

social stakeholders. On the economic side, the ways

corporate social responsibility has been thought of,

regulated, and implemented render a nice atmosphere for

individual and business groups to carry out whatever

they might feel is beneficial as long as not contravening

the laws and seem disadvantageous to the locals. Their

responsibility is accordingly taken up by the political

and legal authorities8. None of the required so-called

social corporatism and its community legitimacy has to

be attained prior to undertaking business in the country.

In turn, when the multinational corporations are able to

develop sectors of strategic business, earn potential

long-term benefits, receive little negative reactions of

the locals, corporate social responsibility runs as pure

part of business promotion with social faces. Nothing

has really to do with true moral objectives.

In the community side, on the other hand, the locals

usually protest to the state of inequality. They ask for

nongovernmental organizations to talk on their behalf,

unless some credible local figures are trusted to advocate.

Many cases show when corporates – mainly the

multinational ones – engaged in local dispute over share

of resource management, unsurprisingly, they enjoy

stronger legal standing. In the worse case, if any, the

charge for violation of contracts and governmental rules

is compensated through social donation and other

material related social development projects9

. Law

enforcement is frequently averted for the need to keep

investment. Then, the connection to the question of why

7 P. Waagstein, “Mandatory corporate social responsibility theory in

Indonesia; problems and implications”. Journal of Business Ethics,

vol 98 no. 3, pp. 455-466, 2010.

8 T. Bartley and N. Egals – Zanden, “Beyond decoupling: unions and

leveraging of corporate social responsibility in Indonesia”. Socio-

economic Review, vol 14 no. 2, pp. 231-255, 2016.

9 B. Purwanto, “Market reactions to the mandatory implementation

of corporate social responsibility: Indonesia context”. Asia Pacific

Management Review, vol 17 no. 4, 2012.


238

corporate social responsibility fails to be socially useful

is clear. This is because the economic projection is

regarded as more significant.

Scholars of business ethics raise a similar argument

about the need to look at inside community realities

before suggesting new legal mechanisms for the purpose

of making corporate behavior more ethical. In using the

concept of social corporatism as well as reciprocal

justice to analyze what happens in Indonesia, for

example, this study points out that current corporate

constituency statutory aims quite generally and should

be restricted especially to suppliers, stockholders and

employees. More importantly, it can be argued

furthermore that differing traditions of corporate

governance and business structures in other cases such

observable as in European, Japanese, and U.S. laws have

effective influences on the degree to which big

multinational corporations permit their stakeholder to

express voices and make room for smaller groups within

those corporations to produce moral norms10

.

Both social corporatism and reciprocal justice approach

to business as an ethical activity give a reminder to

scholars and practitioners of business ethics of how

essential it is to grasp obvious contexts for establishing

ethical norms. For an Indonesian context, this study

endorses the importance of those reminders, and the

notion that the backdrop is often invisible as what

scholars like Park and Song11

mentions as a strategy to

tame the wild corporate.

Nevertheless, this is important to stress here that the

roles of power of the global political economy remains

unalienable. For one thing it is related to the fact of the

vast majority of international trade and business is

carried on by large multinational corporations whose

pursuit of ever-increasing global market share is

breaking down traditional patterns of local life and

community, imposing a dynamic of rapid change on

many segments of the national economies, mastering

vital resources for the livelihood of most societies, yet

severely degrading the natural environment on which

10

T. I. Wanvik, “Encountering a multidimensional assemblage: the

case of Norwegian corporate social responsibility in Indonsia”.

Norwegian Journal of Geography, vol 68 no. 5, pp. 282-290, 2014.

11

A. Rosser and D. Edwin, “the politics of corporate social

responsibility in Indonesia”. The Pacific Review, vol 23 no. 1, pp. 1-

22, 2010.

business, communities, and human life ultimately

depend. Ample cases in Indonesia demonstrate this kind

of business-community relations. With regard to the

program of corporate social responsibility, it again

seems to perpetuate the unethical nature of the

international economic actors12

.

How to cope with such a failure of the moral vision of

business ethics is explored below. Because of limited

space, not all of the extensive argumentation is

discussed. The brief exposition of the view on social

corporatism and reciprocal justice provides the

theoretical foundation upon which core assumptions and

prescriptions are built. But collectively, the evidence of

what is going on with various projects of corporate

social responsibility offers abundant alternatives, and

their reflections are very much useful. If it is acceptable

to criticize the idea and practice of global corporate

capitalism, the framework offered in this

conceptualization will be easy to read and adjust for

empirical purposes. It is expected to nurture a better

understanding – albeit in limited Indonesian context –

about corporate social responsibility which is

responsible. One way to materialize it is through

education and public policy, an obvious alternative

which has never been greater in its effect.

Reliance on the discourse of social corporatism and

reciprocal justice as the stimulus of ethical awareness

and production of moral norms in a particular context,

however, can be misplaced if the basic thinking of

business-community future relations continues to be

trapped in the debate between economic or social ends.

Many new aspects of those seemingly contrasted

motives of business-communities interaction are coming

and going too rapidly for scholars and professional

ethicists to shape the unnecessary boundaries for ethical

development. To be consistent with the primary

objective of this conceptual inquiry, the study

recommends that any perspective on business ethics in

the age of post-industrialist world in which culture and

community are eroded by rapid economic change, needs

to be revised. This is so, at least one clear goal for

business ethics scholars who care about business-

community relations through corporate social

12

Y. Park and S. Song, “Corporate social responsibility in

international business: illustrations from Korean and Japanese

electronics MNEs in Indonesia”. Journal of Business Ethics, vol 129

no. 3, pp. 747-786, 2015


239

responsibility is to conceive and advocate broad yet

practical reforms that will enable corporations to

transform into socially accepted institutions and also

bring about greater accountability for the social and

environmental consequences of their actions.

2. Bridging Two Dimensions of Debate

The analysis on the cause of the problem in an

Indonesian context indicates that the defining terms of

contemporary business ethics set up a conflict between

two forms of value, economic and ethical. “Business

ethics,” “business and society,” “social issues in

management,” “corporate financial performance vs.

corporate social performance,” “stakeholders vs.

stockholders,” “corporate social responsibility,” and

“corporate citizenship,” among other terms, each,

fundamentally, pair an ethical interest with an economic

modifier (or vice versa).

This tension is set forth in the work of contemporary

free market economists, like Milton Friedman, to which

the contemporary field of business ethics is a response.

Free market economists, broadly speaking, suggest that

economic value is the only form of value that matters (or

the primary form of value in terms of which other forms

of value can be measured), and in their work, business

ethics tends to have the status of an uninvited guest that

needs swiftly to be shown the door. Friedman, in his

often-quoted “The Social Responsibility of Business is

to Increase Its Profits,” seeks as much as possible to

obviate the conflict by suggesting that the principal

ethical duty of managers is to increase profit in support

of owners’ economic interests13ii

. His opponents, also to

speak in broad terms, contend that certain ethical

obligations are uncompromising and that legitimate

economic activity must balance economic and ethical

value. The point where they meet, which also is the

fundamental point of conflict, is where alleged market

imperfections warrant consideration of a moderating

force to correct for the imbalance between economic and

ethical value14

.

13

C. Sasse and A. Tocco, “Done and company: in search of

corporate social responsibility in Indonesia”. Business Case Journal,

vol 17 no. 1, 2010.

14

C. Cosans, “Does Milton Friedman support a vigorous business

ethics?”. Journal of Business Ethics, vol 87 no. 3, p. 392, 2009.

It is on the above point where the business ethics debate

focuses - whether seeking to weigh relative values, to

achieve confluence between them, or to define the

tolerance for variation without upsetting the balance.

The debate is characterized by its defining terms,

notwithstanding the breadth and importance of each

topic to the human good, as a two- dimensional debate.

But the question salient for the case like Indonesia is that

why should one place disproportionate emphasis upon

ethics as a unique form of value, competing for attention

with economic interest in free market capitalism? In

practice, the judgments about the value of economic

activity, even of this study’s ethical judgments, betray

sensitivity to and awareness of aesthetic value. For

example, in the familiar trade off between quantity and

quality of production, the former is typically measured

according to economic indicators (e.g., units of

production, dollar value), whereas the latter can as easily

be cast as an aesthetic issue (e.g., craftsmanship, absence

of quality defects) or as an ethical issue (e.g., product

safety, value to the customer). Moreover, in the course

of product design and production, trade offs are

routinely contemplated that involve a delicate balance

between economic, social, and ethical interests. For

instance, think of the automobile industry’s standard of

three-pointed seat-belts as safer than two-pointed but

more aesthetically palatable and less (economically)

costly to the consumer than the six-pointed type that

race car drivers wear, or the debates between sky-

scraper architects and engineers over the relative

placement of emergency stairwells and elevator shafts in

consideration of quantity of square footage and the

quality of continuous interior space.

One way to answer the question that this study poses in

the previous paragraph is that “one should not,” and to

suggest that social value belongs in a different

conversation than the one about business ethics, which

could be called “business social values.” If people were

to settle for that answer, the study argues that they

would quickly reach the conclusion, needing only the

examples above, that to isolate consideration of

economic and social value from other forms of value

(particularly ethical) would be to leave out an important

part of the conversation. That is to say that the trade offs

and balances to be achieved between economic and

social value have important ethical implications that

cannot be ignored. Likewise for economic and ethical


240

conflicts that have social implications and even social

and ethical conflicts with economic implications. The

path, therefore, that this study explores is how the

ethical judgments about business might be influenced by

the consideration of social value as a form of value

related but not reducible to economic or ethical value.

The study might also ask why the social warrants special

attention as an alternative form of value that deserves

consideration in the ethics and economics debate. After

all, there are many possible taxonomies of value, none

of them universally accepted, and many other

“pluralistic” accounts of value that assert that value

judgments are complex and not reducible to one

common unit of measure. The reasons for this study’s

emphasis on social value are that, first, in contemporary

philosophical value theory, ethics and social are the

principal value classifications; second, and perhaps not

coincidentally, social value has established tensions with

questions of both economic and ethical value that

suggest that it is often neither possible nor desirable to

isolate or even distinguish them from one another.

The social value has not been given formal attention

within the standard terms of a business ethics debate that

have gone on informally for millennia (see, for example,

Confucius’ teachings on the hierarchy of professions, or

Aristotle’s discomfort with usury). This debate has its

contemporary roots in the Friedmanesque property

conception of the firm, which is a product of Western

markets and corporate ownership structures and does not

seem to make space for formal consideration of social

value15

. In another sense, however, this interest in the

“beauty of capitalism,” as this study is prone to say

when it works well, is not at all new.

Inquiry along these lines will benefit from and

contribute to the existing literature on questions about

just business-community relations. The study offers

John Rawls’ theory of justice as the principle foundation

to develop a new framework for the more ethically-

oriented corporate social responsibility.

In the philosophical literature, questions about justice

have tended to be viewed almost exclusively as

questions about the distribution of rights, goods, and

opportunities among citizens. Recently, scholars such as

15

M. Bordwin, “The three r’s of ethics”. Management Review, vol

87 no. 6, pp. 59, 1998.

Kwok Cheoung16

has called for expanding the scope of

inquiry beyond this “distributive paradigm.” An

investigation into what justice requires for the

institutional arrangements that structure economic

activity would be an important contribution to this

expanded scope of inquiry.

In pursuing this line of inquiry, two points should be

kept in mind. The first is the importance of empirical

analysis and assumptions. Rawls makes clear that

principles of justice do not uniquely specify the precise

institutional arrangements governing economic activity.

With regard to the choice of an economic regime on

grounds of justice, Rawls writes that “there is

presumably no general answer to this question, since it

depends in large part on the traditions, institutions, and

social forces of each country, and its particular historical

circumstances.” The role of a theory of justice,

according to Rawls, is to “set out in a schematic way the

outlines of a just economic system that admits of several

variations.” Hence, the inquiry into what justice

requires of economic institutions will involve a

substantial empirical component to specify the

underlying conditions that help determine which set of

institutional arrangements better realizes the principles

of justice17

.

The second point to keep in mind is that a thorough

application of Rawls’s theory of justice has the potential

to call for fairly substantial reform of the institutional

arrangements normally thought to structure business

activity and frequently taken for granted in the

normative study of business organizations. This point

echoes a point raised by Richard Marens. According to

Marens, Rawls’s theory has been applied somewhat

selectively in contemporary business scholarship.

Whereas Rawls’s method of the social contract is widely

referenced, there is much less discussion about the

requirements of justice18

. A fully articulated Rawlsian

approach to business ethics, according to Marens, may

have serious implications for how we practice business.

16

T. Klikauer, “Philosophy, business ethics, and organization theory:

a review article”. Philosophy of Management, vol 12 no. 1, pp. 79-

87, 2013.

17

K. Cheoung, “On a recent naturalism debate in business ethics:

from a philosophy point of view”. Journal of Business Ethics, vol 82

no. 4, pp. 889-898, 2008. 18

V. Samar, “Just society: a review of John Rawls’ political

liberalism”. Business Ethics Quarterly, vol 5 no 3, p. 629, 1995


241

The discussion in the previous section on the cause of

the problem happening in Indonesia helps to unrescore

this point. Although some form of worker participation

is often thought to be desirable in normative accounts of

business organizations, not all accounts regard a claim to

participate on the part of workers to be an important

right. Recognition of such a right is more commonly

associated with regimes of corporate governance that

stand as an alternative to Anglo-American models of

shareholder capitalism. Consider, for example, the case

of Indonesian regimes of co-determination. If the

arguments in the previous section are correct, then it is

not only the case that Rawls’s theory speaks to key

questions in the normative study of business

organizations, but also the case that a Rawlsian approach

to the normative study of business organizations may re-

quire us to rethink fairly fundamental features of

economic regimes often taken for granted.

In fact, a consistent Rawlsian approach to the normative

study of business organizations may require ethicists to

go even further. To be clear, Rawls notes that there is no

general answer to the question of what justice requires

for the choice of an economic regime19

.

At the same time, the approach is clear that some

regimes do not meet the requirements of justice. In

Justice as Fairness, for example, Rawls20

considers five

types of regimes: laissez-faire capitalism, welfare-state

capitalism, state socialism, property-owning democracy,

and liberal (democratic) socialism. Of these five regimes,

only the latter two meet the requirements of justice. The

latter two, however, represent fairly strong departures

from the forms of capitalism normally taken as the

background for contemporary normative studies of

business. They depart much further from recognizing a

right on the part of workers to participate in the

management and governance of business organizations.

In the case of liberal (democratic) socialism, the means

of production are owned collectively by members of

society. In the case of property-owning democracy,

although it does not involve common ownership of the

means of production, a central feature is that “the

background institutions work to disperse the ownership

19

R. Paden, “Rawls’ just savings principle and a sense of justice”.

Social Theory and Practice, vol 23 no. 1, p. 27, 1997. 20

R. Barlett and W. Baber, “Ethics and environmental policy in

democratic governance: John Rawls, public policy, and normative

precommitment”. Public Integrity, vol 7 no. 3, p. 219, 2005.

of wealth and capital, and thus to prevent a small part of

society from controlling the economy, and indirectly,

political life as well21

.

Both dimensions – economic and ethics of corporate

social responsibility - represent stark departures from the

economic institutions taken for granted in the normative

study of business organizations. In other words, a

thorough-going Rawlsian approach to the normative

study of business organizations may call for putting

capitalism, at least as we know it, out of business

altogether.

The framework developed in this study congealed with

Sidgwick’s Methods of Ethics. It is the first influential

work that consciously envisioned the need to capture

morality in a simple set of projectable features and

recognized that there were competing theories that

hearkened to diverse nonmoral features as necessary and

sufficient for the application of moral concepts.

Sidgwick felt the sting of not being able to find the

feature or features sufficient to eliminate all com-

petitors in the ethical theory game. He was left with

being unable to adequately determine whether or not

utilitarianism or egoism best explained morality and

which yielded the best moral decision-procedure22 iii

.

However, this apparent failure to definitively settle on

the best theory did not dissuade others from accepting

Sidgwick’s assumptions concerning what would

constitute the proper structure of any adequate ethical

theory. Sidgwick set the stage for ethical theorizing in

the twentieth century.

In spite of Sidgwick’s and the rest of modern ethical

theory’s failure to fulfill uncontentiously both social

corporatism and reciprocal justice, ethical theorizing has

been amazingly resilient. This is due to the fact that

insofar as we pursue a theory that aspires to explain

and/or to guide us, the conditions of generalism and

simplicity tacitly come with the pursuit. In fact,

McKeever and Ridge correctly diagnose that ethical

theorists do tend to assume the constraints of generalism

to be something akin to transcendental principles, i.e.,

the very conditions for thinking about morality. It is

21

D. Rae, “Maximin justice and an alternative principle of general

advantage”. American Political Science Review, vol 69 no. 3, pp.

630-647, 1975. 22

B. Schultz, “The cosmos of duty: Henry Sidgwick’s methods of

ethics”. Journal of the History of Philosophy, vol 54 no. 3, pp. 510-

511, 2016.


242

difficult for theorists to conceive of moral reasoning

without the strictures of generalism, as well as simplicity,

precisely insofar as theorists believe morality to be as

systematic as other phenomena over which thinkers have

created theories. However, the strictures of generalism

and drive for simplicity may be more of a kind of

intellectual hopeful- ness than they are binding

requirements. The hope of systematizing morality keeps

the project of ethical theorizing alive, in spite of its

continual failure to produce a theory that has clearly and

contentiously explained the bases of moral value (social

corporatism) and/or provided tractable and determinate

moral guides (reciprocal justice). As Anthony Skelton 23

quite rightly argues, the mere fact that we have yet to

find an ethical theory that reasonably fulfills both socials

and economics does not - by itself - necessitate the

conclusion that we should abandon the theoretical

project. Just as moral disagreement does not necessitate

moral relativism, a continued lack of closure on the

project of ethical theory does not necessitate that the

project is doomed in perpetuity. Past failure under

relentless trials by “the best and the brightest” in

conjunction with other theoretical, empirical, and

practical considerations. This study argues, makes

aspirations toward such ethical theorizing much less

reasonable.24

We will return to this line of thinking

below, but let us consider some more intricate moral

theories that have arisen in the realm of business ethics.

IV. CONCLUSION

This study has analyzed why corporate social

responsibility as a social instrument of the business is

unable to achieve its more ethical goals rather than

economic ones. It argues that two factors influence on

the context of Indonesia; social corporatism and

reciprocal justice. In an attempt to find out the way out

to improve the ethical content of corporate social

responsibility, the study relies on the normative theory,

and tries to build knowledge about the use of Rawls’

theory of justice as the framework of thinking.

23

W. Norman, “Rawls on markets and corporate governance”.

Business Ethics Quarterly, vol 25 no. 1, p. 25, 2015. 24

A. Skelton, “Henry Sidgwick’s moral epistemology”. Journal of

the History of Philosophy, vol 48 no. 4, 2010, pp. 491-519, 2010

Rawls’s theory has much to say about key questions in

the study of business ethics in particular with the way in

which corporate social responsibility can be managed

ethically.

If correct, it does not need just yet to develop an ethics

specific to the case of Indonesia. Nor do it need to draw

an analogy between states and business organizations in

order to draw upon the insights of political philosophy in

the normative study of business organizations in broader

contexts.

This is not to suggest, however, that a Rawlsian

approach can provide answers to all of the questions that

arise in the field. No doubt there are normative questions

about business organizations that are not amenable to a

Rawlsian analysis, at least along the lines put forward in

this study. Instead, the point of this study is to suggest

that there is still much to explore in developing a new

approach to the normative study of business ethics for a

case like Indonesia.

There is, so to speak, much work to be done before

Rawls can be said to be fully in business.

V. REFERENCES

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environmental policy in democratic governance:

John Rawls, public policy, and normative

precommitment”. Public Integrity, vol. 7 no. 3, p.

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[2] Bartley T., and N. Egals – Zanden, “Beyond

decoupling: unions and leveraging of corporate

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[3] Bordwin, M., “The three r’s of ethics”.

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[4] Cheoung, K., “On a recent naturalism debate in

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898, 2008.

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