Manure management to improve soil structure and food security and mitigate greenhouse gas emission

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MANURE STORAGE Animal confinement with roof Possibility to collect both feces and urine Covering manure to prevent nutrient losses Using banana leaves or crop residues to cover manure Open animal housing Nutrients are washed away from uncovered manure Nitrogen is lost to the air from uncovered manure GOOD MANURE MANAGEMENT POOR MANURE MANAGEMENT COMPOSTING MANURE Composting is the natural process of ‘rotting’ or decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under aerobic conditions. Chose a shady place in proximity of water Collect composting material (manure, crop residues, fresh and dry grass, top soil, ash, etc.) Cut the plant material to the size of a finger Layers of a newly made compost heap. Water the compost twice a week Use the stick to check temperature Tranfer of compost manure from 1st to 2nd pit after 2 - 3 weeks Turning will help to provide air to the heap and will ensure that the materials on the outer layers will decompose as well. 1 2 3 1 2 Topsoil Green vegetation Ash Animal dung Dry vegetation Topsoil Green vegetation Ash Animal dung Dry vegetation Topsoil Green vegetation Ash Animal dung Dry vegetation Cover with banana leaves Manure collection Manure collection is very dependent on livestock housing. Free range systems: Construct confinement (kraal) to keep animals at night Clean kraal (i.e. remove manure) as often as possible (at least once a month) Confined systems: This is a system where the manure is collected within the cowshed ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that produces biogas Advantages of using Biogas: Saving of expenditures on fuel sources Saving time collecting wood Increased food production from bioslurry Reduction in smoke related diseases Preservation of forest Workload reduction especially for women and children Bright light to help in quality education and household works Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions FIELD APPLICATION Recommended manure application rates vary according to the type of animal, collection and storage method, available soil nutrient content and the crop cultivated. General rule: apply two handfuls of solid manure (cattle, goat, sheep, etc.) or one handful of poultry manure per hole/plant for maize What is Integrated Manure Management? Preserve nutrients: About 70 - 95% of the nutrient intake of production animals is excreted via dung and urine. Protect health and safety: prevent transmission of zoonotic diseases that be transmitted through manure. Reduce detrimental environmental effects: Poor manure handling leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of ground and surface water. Economic viability: Good manure management > better organic fertilizer > less synthetic fertilizers > lower production costs. Capturing methane as biogas provides cooking fuel and lighting that can replace firewood and charcoal. Manure management to improve soil structure & food security and mitigate greenhouse gas emission Asaah Ndambi, David Pelster and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Collection Treatment Storage Application CROPS Nutrient cycles in crop-livestock systems LIVESTOCK LAND Steps of Integrated Manure management Apply manure 8 2 weeks before planting, preferably immediately before ploughing. Mix the manure with soil immediately after application Biogas for life. Source: National Biogas Program of Ethiopia (NBPE) Kraal system with possibility to collect manure Cleaning the animal shed Clean the housing system (e.g. stalls) daily or at least weekly. Collect manure with bedding material to reduce nitrogen losses Deep litter systems: These are systems where layers of bedding material are repeatedly spread on older layers as they get soiled. Deep litter poultry system (Source: Milkwood) Ensure a correct moisture balance in the litter. Prevent any water spills from drinkers and add litter when necessary Benefits of Integrated Manure Management Good manure management gives a better fertilizer hence higher crop yields. Background The initial study summarized manure policies from 12 Sub-Saharan African countries. The results indicate that most countries: a) don’t have a stand-alone manure management (MM) policy , b) have shared responsibility for MM between different ministries which are often incoherent, leading to abnegation of these responsibilities c) take limited action to promote good manure management practices. This information aims to support policy makers, researchers, extension workers, farmers, and other stakeholders to understand the importance and common practices of manure management. Authors: Asaah Ndambi, David Pelster and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709 -00100, Nairobi, Kenya www.ilri.org [email protected] This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence

Transcript of Manure management to improve soil structure and food security and mitigate greenhouse gas emission

Page 1: Manure management to improve soil structure and food security and mitigate greenhouse gas emission

MANURE STORAGE

Animal confinement with roof

Possibility to collect both feces and urine

Covering manure to

prevent nutrient losses

Using banana leaves or

crop residues to cover

manure

Open animal housing Nutrients are washed away

from uncovered manure

Nitrogen is lost to the air

from uncovered manure

GOOD MANURE MANAGEMENT POOR MANURE MANAGEMENT

COMPOSTING MANURE

Composting is the natural process of ‘rotting’ or decomposition of organic matter by

microorganisms under aerobic conditions.

Chose a shady place in proximity

of water

Collect composting material

(manure, crop residues, fresh

and dry grass, top soil, ash, etc.)

Cut the plant material to the size

of a fingerLayers of a newly made compost heap.

Water the compost twice a weekUse the stick to check temperature

Tranfer of compost manure from 1st to 2nd pit after 2 - 3 weeks

Turning will help to provide air to the heap and will ensure thatthe materials on the outer layers will decompose as well.

1 2 3 1 2

TopsoilGreen vegetation

AshAnimal dungDry vegetation

TopsoilGreen vegetation

Ash Animal dung

Dry vegetationTopsoil

Green vegetationAsh

Animal dung Dry vegetation

Cover withbanana leaves

Manure collectionManure collection is very dependent on livestock housing.

Free range systems: Construct confinement

(kraal) to keep animals at

night

Clean kraal (i.e. remove

manure) as often as possible

(at least once a month)

Confined systems:

This is a system where the manure is collected

within the cowshed

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Anaerobic digestion is a biological

process that produces biogas

Advantages of using Biogas:

• Saving of expenditures on fuel sources

• Saving time collecting wood• Increased food production from

bioslurry

• Reduction in smoke related diseases

• Preservation of forest• Workload reduction especially for

women and children

• Bright light to help in quality education

and household works

• Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

FIELD APPLICATION

Recommended manure

application rates vary

according to the type of

animal, collection and storage

method, available soil nutrient

content and the crop

cultivated.

General rule: apply two

handfuls of solid manure

(cattle, goat, sheep, etc.) or

one handful of poultry

manure per hole/plant for

maize

What is Integrated Manure Management?

Preserve nutrients: About 70 - 95% of the nutrient intake of

production animals is excreted via dung and urine.

Protect health and safety: prevent transmission of zoonotic

diseases that be transmitted through manure.

Reduce detrimental environmental effects: Poor manure handling

leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions and pollution of ground

and surface water.

Economic viability: Good manure management > better organic

fertilizer > less synthetic fertilizers > lower production costs.

Capturing methane as biogas provides cooking fuel and lighting

that can replace firewood and charcoal.

Manure management to improve soil structure & food security and mitigate

greenhouse gas emissionAsaah Ndambi, David Pelster and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl

Collection Treatment Storage ApplicationCROPS

Nutrient cycles in crop-livestock systems

LIVESTOCK LAND

Steps of Integrated Manure management

Apply manure 8 – 2 weeks before planting, preferably

immediately before ploughing.

Mix the manure with soil immediately after application

Biogas for life. Source: National Biogas Program

of Ethiopia (NBPE)

Kraal system with possibility to collect manureCleaning the animal shedClean the housing system (e.g. stalls) daily or at least weekly.

Collect manure with bedding material to reduce nitrogen losses

Deep litter systems:These are systems where layers of bedding material are

repeatedly spread on older layers as they get soiled.

Deep litter poultry system (Source: Milkwood) Ensure

a correct moisture balance in the litter. Prevent any

water spills from drinkers and add litter when

necessary

Benefits of Integrated Manure Management

Good manure management gives a better

fertilizer hence higher crop yields.

Background

The initial study summarized manure policies from 12 Sub-Saharan African

countries. The results indicate that most countries:

a) don’t have a stand-alone manure management (MM) policy,

b) have shared responsibility for MM between different ministries which are

often incoherent, leading to abnegation of these responsibilities

c) take limited action to promote good manure management practices.

This information aims to support policy makers, researchers, extension

workers, farmers, and other stakeholders to understand the importance and

common practices of manure management.

Authors: Asaah Ndambi, David Pelster and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709 -00100, Nairobi, Kenya www.ilri.org

[email protected]

This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

International Licence