Manufacturing Techniques

Machine feeds & speeds & range of tooling used for manufacturing activities

Resource 1

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Aims

Aims & Objectives

• Understand how to calculate machine feeds & speeds

• Recognize machine cutting tools & setting up procedure

• Various tool grinding techniques

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Objectives

At the end of this lesson you should be able to:

• Perform simple calculations for the feed and spindle speeds on a machine

• Identify various machine tools

• Differentiate tooling methods for various operations

• Setting tools for manufacture

• Perform tool grinding techniques

• Compare different surface finish techniques

Aims & Objectives

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Cutting speed & feed calculations

Cutting SpeedNumber of revs per minute = cutting speed in metres per minute = cutting

speed x 1000 Circumference x Diameter in mm

FeedThe amount the work / tool moves per revolution of the cutter given in mm per

revolutionThe amount the work / tool moves per unit of time given in mm per minute 

Turning FEED PER MINUTE = FEED PER REVOLUTION X NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE

 Milling FEED PER MINUTE = FEED PER TOOTH X NUMBER OF TEETH X NUMBER OF

REVOLUTIONS PER MIN

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Formula

N = 1000 x S N = Number of revs π x D S = Material cutting speed of the material being

machined π = 3

D = Diameter

Material Cutting speed in m/min

Feed in cuts per tooth

Face mill Slot or end mill

Mild Steel 30 0.25 0.15

Cast Iron 18 0.30 0.18

Bronze 20 0.35 0.15

Aluminium

130 0.40 0.17

Tool Steel 16 0.10 0.05

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Example

A typical equation to machine a 40mm diameter mild steel bar using a lathe,

would be:-

N = 1000 x 30 3 x 40

N = 30000 120

N = 250

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• The maximum and minimum speeds available on the machine

• The type of coolant used

• Type of cutting tool used

• The condition of the machine

• The type of material being machined

• The clamping method used to secure the component

• Diameter of the cutting tool

• The type of material the cutting tool is made of

• The condition of the tool

The factors that influence the feeds and speeds are:-

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Setting spindle speed

To set the speed on a Lathe

You align the two levers so all the colour co-ordinated sections are

aligned.

To adjust the speed on a milling machine

You can increase or decrease the

spindle speed using the hand wheel on the belt housing. Speeds can only be

adjusted when the spindle is spinning.

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Centre Lathe Tools

Parting off toolBoring tool Tipped tools

Chamfer toolKnurling tool Lathe turning tools

Centre Lathe Tools

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Centre Lathe Tools

Side/face millSlab mill Face mill

Slot millSlitting Saw End mill

Milling Cutters

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Centre Lathe Tools

Milling Cutters continued....

V cutter

T slot mills

Ripper cutter

Edexcel Principles of Learning in EngineeringResource 1

Centre Lathe Tools

Drilling tools