Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and ...

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KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 000~000 (2003) 1 ©The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology ª 9 2 ¢ Ê ® Ë j ª ~ B 5 ª 9 ; « >Á { * ÁF ' . ÁB B ' Á; 8 ^ ( ) J  8 % \ ², 1 f Ê Þ z Ò j( ), 2 W L ®Á « ö Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and Their Degradibility Myong-Soo Chung 1, *, Wang-Hyun Lee 1 , Young-Sun You 1 , Hye-Young Kim 1 and Ki-Moon Park 2 Research Center, Ottogi Corporation, 1 Multicom Post Korea Corporation 2 Department of Food and Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University Multi-degradable master batch (M/B) was prepared and 0.05 mm polyethylene (PP) food packaging films containing 0, 10, and 20% M/B were manufactured by inflation film processing. The films were exposed to UV radiation, fungi, and heat in order to observe their photolysis, biodegradability, and thermal degradability, respectively. While pure PP film maintained more than 70% of its original elongation after 8 weeks of UV radiation, an almost perfect loss in the elongation of PP film containing 20% M/B was observed. Significant decreases in elongation of 33 ILOPV E\ KHDW WUHDWPHQW ± & ZHUH DOVR IRXQG LQ VDPSOHV FRQWDLQLQJ WKH PXOWL degradable M/B. By observing changes in film surface after the inoculation of fungi using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the biodegradability of plastic films could be accelerated with the addition of multi- degradable M/B. The results of the mulching test in yard showed that adding multi-degradable M/B can effectively degrade plastic films in natural environmental conditions without interrupting the growth of plants. Key words: multi-degradable master batch (M/B), polypropylene (PP) food packaging film, photolysis, biodegradability, ther- mal degradability, mulching test * W>æ¢ê ®Òº 2¢Ê ²Òº öB áÚê ¾Z, «, ò, .³, FÒ ö j~ z'b òÚ ê jv' îÚ Òòæò, bW, &W, ÚW Ö> ~ ÖëÏ ²Ò¦V ¢²Ï Òòö Vræ Ö 7 º*~² Ïê& {Ö>Ú * Úö *&~ ³ ºÚ ¢ç" ÖëBö òj z. ß®, ®ëöBê 2¢Êf '« ®~ ËÏ jª, Ë Ò 5 ÏV~ B¢ *Bº ìÚBº nF &Ë 7º ²Ò B ÒÏ> ®rf vö ¾* N ì. ~æ ò * Ò ç®z>Ú ®º &¦ª~ ®ËÏ 2¢Ê Òòº >''V r^ö &ïb OÂ>º '« öjö, Ê ", 2¢Ê ÏV j öV röê ª>æ pj ² '¾ ãö V ~ã^Ò *Â, ãæ {~ ÚJ æ, ëW~ K ¦Â, öVb~ ®j* ²ö ~ &VJ" B " ?f ~ãJ"^B& ' Ò²^B ¦'>î 2¢Ê ~ãJ"~ "º¢º jÂ~ &ç B ©ê Ò (1-3) . ^B¢ Ö~V *~ Ò Ï r º Û 2 ¢ Ê ¾ " n * ~ * Þ ~ ² > ® ÒÏ êöº ·7F, Æ·ö Ò~º b, ã æöB B>º ö ~~ £² ª>º ~ãz' Z 2¢Ê ªW 2¢Ê~ BB" çÏz & . 6. , ¢, ë¢, Ò Fê 'öBº "wW, 2 ¢ÊÏV ~ ªW >æ ÒÏj ~Zz~º (4,5) ª W 2 ¢ Ê ~ Ï z f î Ú ² Ò B B j * & B® ê¯> ®º ªW 2¢Êf Bö ÒÏ>º ² Òf ª>º >w V·ö V¢ ¢> 'b ªW, » Z W, 7 ª W ~ ^ «~ ¾2 > ® (6-9) . ª W 2¢Ê¦ b Ö~º poly-hydroxyl butyric acid (PHB), pullulan, hyaluronic acid(HA) " ?f :JÒ ^¾ alginate, cellulose, chitin î ~ b¾ ÿböB F ¾ ª¢ öò ~ îÚ ªbîj W ~ B> öVö ²'¾Ò~æ p B® ã b b~ · Ï ö ~ > B ú~2 j ò ö b, Ö z ê *Corresponding author : Myong-Soo Chung, Research Center, Ottogi Corporation, 160 Pyeongchon-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyonggi-do, 431-070, Korea Tel: 82-31-421-2137 Fax: 82-31-421-2133 E-mail: [email protected]

Transcript of Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and ...

Page 1: Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and ...

KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 000~000 (2003)

1

©The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology

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(�)��� �����, 1���������(�), 2������ ���������

Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Filmsand Their Degradibility

Myong-Soo Chung1,*, Wang-Hyun Lee1, Young-Sun You1, Hye-Young Kim1 and Ki-Moon Park2

Research Center, Ottogi Corporation, 1Multicom Post Korea Corporation2Department of Food and Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University

Multi-degradable master batch (M/B) was prepared and 0.05 mm polyethylene (PP) food packaging filmscontaining 0, 10, and 20% M/B were manufactured by inflation film processing. The films were exposed to UVradiation, fungi, and heat in order to observe their photolysis, biodegradability, and thermal degradability,respectively. While pure PP film maintained more than 70% of its original elongation after 8 weeks of UVradiation, an almost perfect loss in the elongation of PP film containing 20% M/B was observed. Significantdecreases in elongation of ��� ���������� � ��� ��� � ��� ± ��������������� ������ ��� �������� ��� ������� ����� ��degradable M/B. By observing changes in film surface after the inoculation of fungi using scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), the biodegradability of plastic films could be accelerated with the addition of multi-degradable M/B. The results of the mulching test in yard showed that adding multi-degradable M/B caneffectively degrade plastic films in natural environmental conditions without interrupting the growth of plants.

Key words: multi-degradable master batch (M/B), polypropylene (PP) food packaging film, photolysis, biodegradability, ther-mal degradability, mulching test

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*Corresponding author : Myong-Soo Chung, Research Center,Ottogi Corporation, 160 Pyeongchon-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang,Kyonggi-do, 431-070, KoreaTel: 82-31-421-2137Fax: 82-31-421-2133E-mail: [email protected]

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2 �������� � 35 � 5 � (2003)

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polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP), polystyrene(PS) �� �� �� ����� ��� ����� ���� ���

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���� ��, ��� ��, ���, ��� �, ��� �� � ��� �� �� ����� �����(CPP)�� ���� ������� ������ ����,���� � ���� � ������ ��� � ��

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���� � �� M/B ��� �� ���� ��

� Table 1� ����. �����(PP, ����

�� grade BB110)� ��, �������(PCL), ����,��� � ��(kneader)� �� � ��� ��

20, 25 rpm�� ������ 30�� 1� �� ����

�. � ��� ����, �������, �����, ����� � �� ��� �� 20�� 2� �� ��

�, 170oC �� ���� single extruder� ���� ��

(hot cutting)���� �� 2~3 mm �� pellet ���

M/B(MCC-103)� �����. ��� �� � �� M/B����� �� ��(kneader)�� �� ��� �� ���� ���� �� ��� �� ���� ��� ��

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Table 1. Compositions of master batch

Functions Materials Recipes

Biodegradable polymers Polycaprolactone (PCL), starch from corn and tapioca 40~50%

Inorganic filler CaCO3, CaO 20~30%

Stabilizer antioxidant (benzene propanoic acid etc.) 0.1~1.0%

Chemical degradation accelerator1-st transition metal, 2-nd transition metal (ferrous stearate, copper stearate etc), photo-degradation agents (benzoyl peroxide etc) 0.1~1.0%

Oxidation accelerator aromatic ketone group (benzophenone etc.), organic acids (malic acid, citric acid etc), sugars (sucrose, sorbitol etc)

0.1~1.0%

Oxidizable component unsaturated fatty acids 0.5~3.0%

Lubricant Waxes 1.0~5.0%

Adhesive agent polypropylene (PP) 5~10%

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����� ���� ���� �� �� � ��� 3

���� � �� ��(8,11).

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T-Die �� ���(LABTECH Engineering�, Cast Film &Sheet Chill Roll Machine)� ���� �� ��� ���

��MCC-103� PP� ��� �� �� � ��

(hopper)� ��� 200~220oC single screw extruder� �� ���� ��� � �� � 0.05 mm �� �����. M/B ���� ������ �� 0, 10, 20%�� �����.

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��������� �� �� �� ��� ��� � � � ��� MCC-103 ��� ��(mg/L), ����

�� ���(mg/L), � ��(mg/kg), �����(mg/L), ��

� ��(mg/kg) � ���� �� � ����� ���� � ����� � � (12)� �� �����

� ������� ��� ��� �����.

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��� � � ASTM D 3826-98 � (13)�� �����,�� ��� ��(160 cm�50 cm�50 cm) �� 352 nm �� ��� 40 W ���(SANKYO DENKI F40T10BLB) 1� ���� ���� 13�80 mm ��� �� �� ��� �� �� ��� ��� ��� 10 cm ��� ��

�� ��� �� � ����. 7� ���� ��� �� � ��� �(Instron 5565)� ���� ���� 100mm/min� �� ��� ���� ��� ���� ���

� ����� �� � � ��� %� ��� ��

(elongation) �� 6�� ���� ��� ����, ��

����� ���� ��� � �� �� ���

� ����.

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���� ���� ��� �� 13�80 mm ��� ���, 68�2oC, ���� 85% ������ �� 7� ���� ��� ��� �� 6�� ���� ���

����, ������� ���� ��� � �� �� ���� ����.

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ASTM G21-96 � (14)�� �� ��� �����

� � ��� ��� ��. �� ������� �� ��

5� �� ��� Table 2� �� �� ��� 2� ����� � ��� ��� ���� 1 loop ���

����� � ����� ��� ��� ��� �� ���� �����. ��� �� ���� ��� ���

�� � �� �� ��� 1 mL� 1,000,000 ± 200,000 ��� ����� �� 5 � ��� �� ��

�� �� ��� �� ����� �����. �� �������� yellow tip�� �� �� Hemocytometer(SURERIER, Germany) ���� ���� �����. ���� 1 mm2 �� � 9 ���� ��� �� 4 ���� � �� ���� �� ���� ���

�� � �� 4� ���� 1 mL� ��� ���� ��

���. Table 3 ���� ��� �� �� �� ��

13�80 mm �� �� �� ���� ��� �� ��

� �� � �� ��� ���� ��. �� ��

� � �� ��� (0.001 g� ��� ���� ����

4� �� � �� ���� 28~30oC, 85% ������

60�� ����� 20� � �� �� �� ���

��� ����. �� ��� �� ����� ���

��� ��� �� 1% HgCl2 ��� 2�� �����

� 1� �� �����, �� 85oC ��� ��� �� 75% ��� �� 2� ���� �� ��� ���

��� ��� � � � 105oC dry oven�� ��� �� � ��� ��� �� 3~5�� �� ������

�����. ��, ��� �� �� ���� �� ��

�� ���� ��� �������(XL30 ESEM-FEG) ���� �� ����.

��������

MCC-103 20% ���� ��� PP �� 60 cm�

Table 2. Medium for the culture of fungi

Fungi ATCC No.1) Medium

Aspergillius niger 9642 Potato Dextrose AgarPenicillium pinophilum 11797 Harrold’s M40YTrichoderma virens 9645 Potato Dextrose Yeast AgarAureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans 15233 Sabourauds AgarPenicillium funiculosum 11797 Potato Dextrose Agar

1)Available from Korean Collection for Type Cultures

Table 3. Composition of nutrient-salts agar

Materials Recipes

KH2PO4 0.7 gMgSO4�7H2O 0.7 gNH4NO2 1.0 gNaCl 0.005 gFeSO4�7H2O 0.002 gZnSO4�7H2O 0.002 gMnSO4�H2O 0.001 gK2HPO4 0.7 gAgar 15.0 gDistilled water 1 L

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4 �������� � 35 � 5 � (2003)

40 cm ��� ��� � � �����. ��

� ��� � ��� ���� �� � �� 10 cm�� �� ��� � � 7� �� ���� ��

��� ��� ���� �����.

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����� ��� PP ��� ���� MCC-103� �� ����� ���� ��� ��� � Table 4� ��� �� �� �� �� �� ���� ���

��� ���.

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��� ����� �� � �� ��� 6�� ��

�� � ��� �� Fig. 1� ����. � ��� ��� �� �� ���� �� ����� 10% ���� �� data� ��� ��� ���� � �����. ��

��� ����� ���� ��� � �� ��� ���� ��� ���� ��� ��� ���� ���

� � �� ��, ���� ��� ��� ���� ����� � ���� ��� ���� ��� � ���

��� ���� �(15,16). Fig. 1�� �� �� PP ��

���� 8�� ��� �� ��� �� ���� 70%�� ���� � ��, ����� ��� MCC-10320% ���� ��� PP �� ���� 8�� ���

�� �� �� ��� 0.5%� ���� � � �. Lee �(10)� ���� ��� ��� 15~50% ��

�� M/B� ���� ��� �� ��� � ��� ����� �� ��� �� ��� �� � � �

50% ���� M/B� ��� ���� 15� �� ��

��� ����� ��� ��� �� ��� � � ���� ��� MCC-103 ���� �� ���

� � �. �� ASTM D3826 �� �� ����

� ����� ���� 5% ��� ��� ���� ��� � �� ��� � � �� ��� ���

��� ��� �� 8��� ���� ���� �

��. �� �� ��� ��� M/B� ������ ���

� Table 1� �� �� �� M/B� ��� ����,��� � ��� ��, �� ��� ��� �� � ��� ��� ����� �� �� ���� ���

� ���� ��� �� ���. �� PP ��� �� ��� �� �� ���� ��� �� ��� ��

�� �� �� ��� ��� ���� ����� � ��� ������ ���� ��� ���� ����

���� ����. �� �� ��� ��� ��� �

���� �� � �� �(8,17). ��� � ��

�� �� ��� Fig. 2 ����� �� PP� 10� ��� �� �� ��, MCC-103 20% ���� ��� ����� ��� 7� �� �� ��� ��� ��

�� � � �. � ���� ����� ���

��� ���� �� ��, ��, ��� � ��� �

�� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ����

��� � � �� � �.

�������

�� ���� � ���� ����� �� ��

� ���� �� ��� � ��� �� � �� ���� �� �� ���. Fig. 3� �� ��� �� ��� �� ����� � ���� ���� � �

� ��� �� ��� 6�� ��� ���� ���

�� ����� �� 10% ��� ��� ���� ��� �����. � ���� �� �� �� �� PP�

Fig. 1. Changes in elongation of films during UV irradiation.

Fig. 2. Morphology of polypropylene films before and after UVirradiation.

Table 4. Results for safety tests for MCC-103 as a material offood packaging

Items Contents Regulation

Amount of heavy metal Trace below 1.0 mg/L as PbAmount of lead (Pb) Trace below 100 mg/kgConsumption of KMnO4 1.3 mg/L below 10 mg/LEvaporating residue 4.0 mg/L below 30 mg/LAmount of cadmium (Cd) Trace below 100 mg/L

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13� � ���� �� 50% �� ���� ��

MCC-103 10% ���� ��� ��� 13��� ��

��� ��� �, 20%� ��� ��� 11���

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Fig. 3. Changes in elongation of films during heat treatment(68±2oC).

Fig. 4. Morphology of polypropylene films before and afterheat treatment.

Fig. 5. Weight loss of polypropylene films after fungiinoculation.

Page 6: Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and ...

6 �������� � 35 � 5 � (2003)

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Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of the surface of (a) PP100%, (b) PP 90%+MCC 10% and (c) PP 80%+MCC 20%after 60 days of microbial attack.

Fig. 7. Visual changes of PP 80%+MCC 20% film duringmulching test: (a) initial mulching in the yard of SogangUniversity (b) after 4 weeks and (c) after 7 weeks.

Page 7: Manufacturing Multi-Degradable Food Packaging Films and ...

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� �

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