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6. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

CONCEPT1. Manufacturing is production of goods in large

quantities after processing raw materials to morevaluable products.

2. Classification of Industries is done on the basisof their main role, capital investment, ownership,source of raw materials and the bulk and weightof raw material and finished goods.

3. Large Scale Industries employ a large numberof labourers.

4. Small Scale Industries employ a small numberof labourers.

5. Heavy Industries use heavy and bulky rawmaterials.

6. Light Industries use light raw materials.7. Manufacturing is considered as the backbone of

development in general and economicdevelopment in particular.

8. The NMCC (National ManufacturingCompetitiveness Council) was set up when itwas felt that, with appropriate policyinterventions by the government and renewedefforts by the industry to improve productivity,manufacturing can achieve its target over thenext decade.

9. Industrial locations are influenced by availabilityof raw materials, labour, capital, power andmarket. It is rarely possible to find all thesefactors available at one place.

10. Agro-based industries : Industries based onagricultural raw materials. For example, cottontextiles, jute textiles, woollen textiles, silktextiles, synthetic textiles, sugar industry.

11. Cotton textiles : It occupies an unique positionin Indian economy, contributes 14% ofindusttrial production. Provides employment to35 million persons directly. Earlier the cottontextile industries were located in Maharashtraand Gujarat. Today, they are spread over 80towns and cities of India. Scarcity of good-quality cotton, obsolete machinery, erratic powersupply, low productivity of labour and stiffcompetition are some of the problems faced bythe cotton textiles industry.

12. Jute textiles : There are about 70 jute mills inIndia and most of the jute is produced in WestBengal. Mainly in the Hugli basin produced in

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, MadhyaPradesh, Orissa, Assam and Tripura.

13. Sugar : There are 460 sugar mills in the country.50% of them are found in Uttar Pradesh andMaharashtra. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh and Gujarat are also importantproducers of sugar in the country.

14. Mineral-based Industries : Industries usingminerals as their raw materials — iron and steel,cement, chemical industries, aluminiumsmelting, copper smelting, fertiliser industry, etc.

Iron and Steel Industry :(i) The iron works of Kulti, Burnpur started local

production in 1870.(ii) The first modern steel plant was set up at

Jamshedpur in 1907.(iii) Today there are 10 primary integrated iron and

steel plants and around 200 mini steel plants inthe country.

(iv) Raw materials used in this industry are ironore, coal, limestone and manganese ore.

(v) The location of this industry is decided by theavailability of raw materials. All the importantiron and steel plants are located in thenorth-eastern and southern parts of the IndianPeninsula.

(vi) Only Visakhapatnam has a coastal location.(vii) These plants are managed by the Steel

Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)(viii) India produces about 32.8 million tonne of

steel and ranks ninth among the world crudesteel producers.

Aluminium Smelting :(i) Aluminium is a good conductor of heat and

electricity.(ii) It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc

and lead.(iii) In the production of one tonne of aluminium,

6 tonnes of bauxite and 18,600 kwh ofelectricity are required.

(iv) The availability of electricity and bauxitedecides the location of this industry.

(v) The 8 aluminium plants in the country arelocated in Orissa, West Bengal, Kerala, UttarPradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra andTamil Nadu.

Assignments in Social Science Class X (Term II)

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(vi) India produces over 600 million tonnes ofaluminium per annum.

Chemical Industry :(i) Heavy inorganic chemicals include sulphuric

acid, nitric acid, alkalis, caustic soda and sodaash. They are widely spread around the country.Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture offertilisers, synthetic fibres, plastics, paints anddyes.Soda ash is used in the manufacture of glass,paper, soap and detergents.

(ii) Heavy organic chemicals includepetrochemicals which are used in themanufacture of synthetic fibres, syntheticrubber, plastics, dyestuffs, drugs andpharmaceuticals. These chemical plants arelocated near oil refineries and petrochemicalplants.

(iii) The chemical industries contribute 14% of theproduction of entire manufacturing sector.

Fertiliser Industry :(i) The first plant was set up at Ranipet in Tamil

Nadu.(ii) With the setting up of a plant at Sindri by the

Fertiliser Corporation of India (FCI) in 1951,the production of fertilisers increased.

(iii) With the onset of the Green Revolution, thisindustry was set up in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu,Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala.

(iv) Other important producers are Andhra Pradesh,Orissa, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam,West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh andKarnataka.

(v) There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturingnitrogenous fertilisers, 29 for urea and 9 forammonium sulphate as a by-product, 68 othersmall units produce single super phosphate.

Cement Industry :(i) Cement is used for the construction of

buildings, houses, factories, roads and dams.(ii) The raw materials used are limestone, silica,

alumina and gypsum, coal and electric powerare also used.

(iii) The first cement plant was set up at Chennai in1904. At present, there are 119 large and over300 mini cement plants in India.

(iv) Indian cement is in great demand in South andEast Asia, Middle East and Africa because of

its superior quality.15. Automobiles : Commercial vehicles like trucks,

passenger buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters,etc., are manufactured in large numbers. India isthe second largest producer of three wheelers.The industries producing bicycles, scooters andbicycles are distributed around Delhi, Gurgaon,Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow,Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

16. Electronic Industry : Bengaluru has emerged asthe electronic capital of India. Other majorelectronic goods producing centres areHyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata,Kanpur, Pune, Lucknow and Coimbatore. ManySoftware Technology Parks have also developed.

17. Industries create four types of pollution, namelyof air, water, land and noise.

18. Air pollution is caused due to the presence ofcarbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. Dust,fume, mist spray and smoke contain both typesof particles.

19. Water pollution : Coal, dyes, soaps, pesticides,fertilisers, plastics and rubber are some commonpollutants. The principal industries which createwater pollution are paper pulp, textiles,chemical, petroleum, refinery, tannery andelectroplating.

20. Thermal pollution of water occurs whenhot-water from factories and thermal plants isdrained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

21. Noise pollution means unwanted, extra, noisecreated due to industrial machineries etc.

22. Measures to Control EnvironmentalDegradation :

(i) Proper fuel selection and utilisation.(ii) Use of oil instead of coal in the industries.

(iii) Treatment of liquids in three phases :(a)Primary treatment by mechanical process.(b)Secondary treatment by biological process.(c)Tertiary treatment by biological, chemicaland physical processes.

(iv) Pollution of land and soil can be controlled bythree activities :

(a) Collection of wastes from different places.(b) Dumping and disposing the wastes by

land-filling.(c) Recycling of wastes for further use.

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ASSIGNMENTS FOR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 mark)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is a term forproduction of goods in large quantities afterprocessing from raw materials to morevaluable products?(a) Cultivation (b) Manufacturing(c) Servicing (d) Mining

2. The economic strength of a country ismeasured by the development of which of thefollowing?(a) Agriculture(b) Infrastructural facilities(c) Manufacturing industries(d) Export trade

3. How can industrialisation assist in bringingin foreign exchange?(a) Modernisation of agriculture(b) Removing dependence on agriculture by

providing alternative employment(c) Export of manufactured goods(d) Import of manufactured goods

4. Which of the following developments usuallyfollows industrial activity?(a) Agriculture (b) Urbanisation(c) Electrification (d) Mining

5. In which of the following group of cities weremost of the manufacturing units located inthe pre-independence period?(a) Delhi, Kanpur, Moradabad(b) Bengaluru-Hyderabad(c) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai(d) Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar.

6. Many industries tend to come together to makeuse of the advantages offered by the urbancentres known as agglomeration economies.Which of the following are the mainadvantages provided by cities to industries?(a) Market and Services(b) Agricultural products and minerals(c) Power supply(d) Suitable climate and services

7. Which of the following is not a factor ofproduction?(a) Land (b) Raw materials(c) Capital (d) Infrastructure

8. Which of the following industries is in privatesector?(a) Dabur (b) BHEL(c) SAIL (d) HINDALCO

9. Oil India Limited (OIL) belongs to which ofthe following types of industries?(a) Public sector (b) Private sector(c) Joint sector (d) Cooperative sector

10. Which of the following industries belongs tothe category of heavy industries?(a) Watches (b) Shipbuilding(c) Electric bulbs (d) Knitting needles

11. Which of the following techniques of cottontextile production came into use after the 18thcentury?(a) Power Looms (b) Hand spinning(c) Handloom weaving (d) Zari embroidery

12. When and where was the first successful textilemill established in India?(a) In Ahmedabad in 1858(b) In Chennai in 1954(c) In Kolkata in 1816(d) In Mumbai in 1854

13. Sixty percent of sugar mills are concentratedin which of the following states?(a) Punjab and Haryana(b) Maharashtra and Gujarat(c) Uttar Pradesh and Bihar(d) West Bengal and Orissa

14. On the basis of character of raw material andfinished product, iron and steel industrybelongs to which category?(a) Heavy industry(b) Medium industry(c) Light industry(d) Perishable goods industry

15. Which one of the following agencies marketssteel for the public sector plants?(a) HAIL (b) SAIL(c) TATA steel (d) MNCC

16. Which one of the following industries useslimestone as a raw material?(a) Aluminium (b) Cement(c) Sugar (d) Jute

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17. Which of the following public sector steelplants of India is located near a port?(a) Durgapur (b) Vijaynagar(c) Bhadravati (d) Vishakhapatnam

18. Which of the following is the effect ofLiberalisation and Foreign Direct Investmenton iron and steel industry of India?(a) Lower productivity of labour(b) High costs and limited availability of coking

coal(c) Irregular supply of energy(d) Boost to the industry

19. Which of the following is the second mostimportant metallurgical industry in India?(a) Iron and Steel(b) Petrochemicals(c) Copper industry(d) Aluminium smelting industry

20. Which of the following is not an inorganicchemical?(a) Sulphuric acid (b) Petrochemicals(c) Nitric acid (d) Alkalies

21. Which of the following inorganic chemicals isused for the making of glass, soaps, detergentsand paper?(a) Soda ash (b) Sulphuric acid(c) Nitric acid (d) Alkalies

22. Which of the following industries is the largestconsumer of chemicals?(a) Fertilisers (b) Textiles(c) Chemicals (d) Paper

23. Which of the following led to expansion of thefertiliser industry?(a) Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment(b) MNCs (Multinational Corporations)(c) The Green Revolution(d) All of the above

24. When and where was the first cement plantset up in India?(a) Chennai in 1904(b) Porbander in 1924(c) Dalmianagar in 1937(d) Kottayam in 1967

25. Which of the following cities is one of thecentres around which automobile industry islocated?(a) Gurgaon (b) Jaipur(c) Itanagar (d) Ahmedabad

26. Which of the following cities is the electroniccapital of India?(a) Delhi (b) Mumbai(c) Bengaluru (d) Hyderabad

27. Which one of the following industriesmanufacture telephones, computer, etc?(a) Steel (b) Electronics(c) Aluminium (d) Information Technology

28. Which of the following is an electronicsindustry?(a) HMT, Bengaluru (b) TISCO, Jamshedpur(c) BHEL, Hyderabad (d) BALCO, Korba

29. Which of the following industries has been amajor foreign exchange earner in the lastfew years?(a) Electronics Industry(b) Information Technology Industry(c) Engineering Industry(d) Tourism Industry

30. Which of the following is a negative effect ofindustrialisation?(a) Economic growth(b) Pollution(c) Foreign exchange earnings(d) Rapid urbanisation

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. The economic strength of the country ismeasured by which of the followingdevelopments ? [2011 (T-2)](a) The development of the manufacturing

industries.(b) The development of the literacy ratio.(c) The development of the health status.(d) The development of the population growth.

2. What is the correct meaning of agglomerationeconomies ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Many industries set up in rural centres

(b) Industries are basically agro-based.(c) Many industries tend to come together to make

use of the advantages offered by the urbancentres

(d) Industries set up produce raw material forsecondary sector.

3. Which one of the following industries, due toits seasonal nature, is ideally suited to thecooperative sector ? [2011 (T-2)](a) High costs and limited availabilty of coking

coal.

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(b) Lower productivity of labour.(c) Irregular supply of energy.(d) Liberalisation and foreign investment.

4. Which one of the following is not trueregarding the Iron and Steel industry in India?

[2011 (T-2)](a) India is the largest producer of sponge iron.(b) Most of the public sector undertakings market

their steel through the Steel Authority of India.(c) Chhotanagpur Plateau region has the maximum

concentration of iron and steel industries.(d) As a leading iron and steel producing country,

India does not need to import steel from othercountries.

5. Which one of the following industries, due toits seasonal nature, is ideally suited to thecooperative sector ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Sugar (b) Jute textile(c) Automobile (d) Cotton textile

6. Which one of the following air servicesprovides services to Oil and Natural GasCommission in its off-shore operations ?

[2011 (T-2)](a) Indian Airlines (b) Air India(c) Pawanhans Helicopters LTD(d) Alliance

7. Regular supply of electricity and an assuredsource of raw material at minimum cost arethe two prime factors for the location of whichone of the following industries : [2011 (T-2)](a) Iron and Steel (b) Automobile(c) Aluminium smelting (d) Electronics

8. Where was the first Cement Plant set up inIndia ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Mumbai (b) Kolkata(c) Chennai (d) Delhi

9. Manufacturing Industries are placed in :(a) Primary sector (b) Secondary sector(c) Teritiary sector (d) Service sector

10. The first successful textile mill was establishedin : [2011 (T-2)](a) Delhi (b) Vishakhapattnam(c) Chennai (d) Mumbai (Bombay)

11. Textile industry is an example of: [2011 (T-2)](a) Agro based industry(b) Co-operative sector industry(c) Mineral based industry(d) Marine based industry

12. Which one of the following is not trueregarding the National Jute Policy of 2005 ?

[2011 (T-2)]

(a) Creating awareness about the use ofbiodegradable materials

(b) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers(c) Increasing productivity(d) Improving quality of Jute

13. Which one of the following factors has onceagain opened the opportunity for juteproduct? [2011 (T-2)](a) Increasing concern for the use of

biodegradable materials(b) Increasing productivity(c) Enhancing the yield per hectare(d) Improving quality

14. Which one of the following steel plants islocated in Chhattisgarh ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Bokaro (b) Durgapur(c) Bhilai (d) Rourkela

15. Most of the sugar industries are ideally suitedto : [2011 (T-2)](a) Private sector (b) Joint sector(c) Cooperative sector (d) Public sector

16. Which one of the following agencies, marketsteel for the public sector plants ?[2011 (T-2)](a) HAIL (b) SIAL(c) TATA STEEL (d) MNCC

17. Which of the following group of factors is aprime group for the location of aluminiumsmelting plant ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Capital and Market(b) Raw material and Electricity(c) Labour and Raw material(d) Capital and Transport

18. Small scale and large scale industries areclassified on which basis ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Capital investment(b) Ownership(c) Main role(d) Source of raw materials

19. Which one of the following factors isconsidered as the most prominent one inindustrial location in a region ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Availability of raw materials(b) Market(c) Cheap Labour(d) None of these

20. Which one of the following cities is known aselectronic capital of India ? [2011 (T-2)](a) Shrinagar (b) Noida(c) Bengaluru (d) Pune

21. Which one of the following groups of stateshave the largest number of cotton textilecentres ? [2011 (T-2)]

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(a) Gujarat and Maharashtra(b) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu(c) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh(d) Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat

22. Which one of the following countries has thelargest installed capacity of spindles in theworld ? [2011 (T-2)]

(a) India (b) China(c) USA (d) Britain

23. The National Jute Policy with an objective toimprove the production for the Indian farmerswas formulated in the year :

[2011 (T-2)](a) 2000 (b) 2005(c) 2001 (d) 1999

II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 marks)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS1. ‘Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.’

Elucidate.2. Differentiate between agro-based industries and

mineral based industries. Give examples.3. Why is iron and steel industry termed as basic

industry?4. Why did the traditional cotton textile industry of

India receive a setback during the colonialperiod?

5. What is the ideal location for sugar mills? Whyis this industry ideally suited to the cooperativesector? Which factors are responsible for shifting

of sugar mills to southern and western states?6. Why does the north-eastern part of the

Peninsular Plateau region have the maximumconcentration of iron and steel industries?

7. What are the prime factors in location ofaluminium smelting industries? Where are themain aluminium smelting plants of the countrylocated?

8. What is the ideal location for setting up a cementfactory? In which state does cement industryhave strategically located plants? Write about thepresent position of cement industry in India.

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. Describe any three main features of chemicalindustry ? [2011 (T-2)]

2. Why is it important for us to improve ourweaving sector instead of exporting yarn in largequantities ? [2011 (T-2)]

3. Explain any three factors that influence thelocation of an industry. [2011 (T-2)]

4. What is the contribution of industry to nationaleconomy of India ? Compare it with the East-Asian countries. What is the desired growth andpresent position of industry in GDP ?

[2011 (T-2)]5. Mention any two challenges faced by the jute

industry in India. State any one step taken by thegovernment to stimulate its demand.[2011 (T-2)]

6. Mention any two factors that have contributed toa healthy growth of the automobile industry inIndia ? Name two centres where this industry islocated. [2011 (T-2)]

7. What are the three main reasons for shifting ofthe sugar mills to Maharashtra in recent years.

[2011 (T-2)]8. What is natural gas ? What is its advantages ?

Name one region of India where its reserves arefound. [2011 (T-2)]

9. What are software technology parks ? State anytwo points of significance of InformationTechnology industry in India ? [2011 (T-2)]

10. Examine how can the industrial pollution offreshwater resources. [2011 (T-2)]

11. Suggest any three measures to reduce theindustrial pollution of freshwater resources.

[2011 (T-2)]12. Mention any six factors responsible for the

location of jute mills in the Hugli basin.[2011 (T-2)]

13. Why is there a tendency for the sugar mills toshift and concentrate in the southern and westernstates in India ? Explain any three reasons.

[2011 (T-2)]14. Distinguish between an integrated steel plant and

a mini steel plants stating three points ofdistinction. [2011 (T-2)]

15. Explain any three problems faced by cottontextile industries in India. [2010 (T-2)]

16. Explain any three ways to control environmentaldegradation caused by industries. [2011 (T-2)]

17. How are agriculture and industriesinterdependent on each other ? Explain any threepoints. [2011 (T-2)]

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18. How do industries create thermal and noisepollution ? Mention their consequences.

[2011 (T-2)]19. Distinguish between agro based and mineral

based industries. Also give two examples ofeach. [2011 (T-2)]

20. Why is iron and steel industry called as the basicand heavy industry ? [2011 (T-2)]

21. “Agriculture and industry are not exclusive ofeach other. They move hand in hand.” Justify thestatement with any three suitable arguments.

[2011 (T-2)]22. Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry

in India today ? Give any three resons.[2011 (T-2)]

23. How does the industrial pollution degrade theenvironment ? Explain with three examples.

[2011 (T-2)]24. Explain any three factors which influence

industrial locations. [2011 (T-2)]25. Explain three major challenges faced by sugar

industry in India. [2011 (T-2)]26. Describe any three types of pollution caused by

industries. [2011 (T-2)]27. Explain any three types of pollution caused by

industries. [2011 (T-2)]28. Why are most of the Iron and steel plants of India

concentrated in Chota Nagpur plateau region ?Give three reasons. [2011 (T-2)]

29. Why is fertiliser industry almost wide spreadthrough out the country ? Give three reasons.

[2011 (T-2)]30. Explain any three factors responsible for the

location of cotton textile industry in Mumbai andAhmedabad. [2011 (T-2)]

31. Study the table given below and answerquestions that follow :

Total Finished Steel Production in India.YEAR PRODUCTION

(in million tons per annum)1950-51 1.041960-61 2.391970-71 4.641980-81 6.821990-91 13.531997-98 23.402004-05 32.60(a) What was the total finished steel production

in India in 1950-51 ?(b) How much and steel production increase in

2004-2005 as compared to the production in1950-51 ?

(c) Why is the per capita consumption of steellow in India ? [2011 (T-2)]

32. What is the meaning of manufacturing industry ?Why is it considered the backbone of economicdevelopment ? Give two reasons. [2011 (T-2)]

33. Mention any three objectives of National JutePolicy, 2005. [2011 (T-2)]

34. India is an important iron and steel, producingcountry in the world, yet we are not able toperform to our full potential’ Give any threereasons. [2011 (T-2)]

35. Where was the first cement plant set up in India?Explain any two reasons for the fast expansion ofcement industry in India. [2011 (T-2)]

36. “The economic strength of a country is measuredby the development of manufacturing industries”.Elaborate the statement. [2011 (T-2)]

37. Explain any three factors which are responsiblefor decentralisation of cotton industry in India.

[2011 (T-2)]

III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 marks)

A. IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1. Describe four physical and four human factorsthat affect the location of an industry.

2. Classify industries on the basis of :(a) Capital investment, (b) Ownership (c) Bulkand weight of raw material and (d) Finishedproduct.

3. Mention the factors responsible for localisationof cotton textile industry in Maharashtra-Gujarat

region in early years. What factors wereresponsible for decentralisation of the industry?Mention three main problems faced by theindustry. What is the contribution of textileindustry to Indian economy?

4. How are integrated steel plants different frommini steel plants? Name the integrated steelplants of India. What are the problems faced bythis industry? What is India’s present position

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with regards to manufacturing and consumptionof iron and steel?

5. In which region are most of the jute mills ofIndia concentrated? Why? What are thechallenges faced by this industry? What step hasresulted in the increase of internal demands ofjute in recent years?

6. Write about the role of Information TechnologyIndustry in modern India. What are softwaretechnology parks and where in India are theylocated?

7. How do industries pollute the environment?Briefly describe any four measures of controllingindustrial pollution.

ORHow does industrial pollution affect theenvironment? Discuss the steps to be taken tominimise environmental degradation byindustries.

8. Discuss the role of NTPC in paving the way tocontrol environmental degradation.

B. QUESTIONS FROM CBSE EXAMINATION PAPERS

1. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Justify the statement. [2010]

IV. MAP WORK (4 marks)1. On an outline map of India locate, label and

name the following textile centres :(a) A centre in Maharashtra producing cotton

and woollen textile.(b) A centre in West Bengal producing silk and

cotton textile. (c) A woollen textile centre of Gujarat.(d) A cotton textile centre of Uttar Pradesh.(e) A cotton textile centre of Tamil Nadu.(f) A silk textile centre of Karnataka(g) A cotton textile centre of Madhya Pradesh(h) A woollen textile centre of Rajasthan.

2. On an outline map of India locate and label thefollowing iron and steel plants :

(a) TISCO(b) Bokaro Steel Plant

(c) Visvesvarayya Iron and Steel Plant (VISL),Bhadravati

(d) Bhilai Steel Plant(e) Salem Iron and Steel Plant(f) Rourkela Iron and Steel Plant(g) Indian Iron and Steel Company, Burnpur

(h) Visakhapatnam Steel Plant3. On an outline map of India, locate, label and

name the following software technologyparks :(a) Software Technology Park of Rajasthan(b) Software Technology Park of Uttar Pradesh.

(c) Software Technology Park of Orissa.(d) Software Technology Park of Jammu and

Kashmir(e) Software Technology Park of Assam(f) Software Technology Park of Karnataka(g) Software Technology Park of Andhra

Pradesh(h) Software Technology Park of Punjab

ASSIGNMENTS FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

I. PROJECT WORKS1. Field Work. Visit any industry located in your

locality. Find out the following informations.(i) Type of raw materials used(ii) Number of labourers employed.(iii) Whether machineries are used(iv) Whether power is required to run the

machines.(v) Market for the products made(vi) Benefits of the industryPrepare a report on the above mentioned points.Take pictures of workers, machineries rawmaterials to support your answer. Identify

whether it is an agro-based or mineral-basedindustry, a basic industry or consumer goodsindustry, a large scale or medium or small scaleindustry, a heavy or light industry.

2. Visit a nearby industry. Find out what types ofenvironmental pollution is caused by theindustry. What measures are taken by theindustry to prevent such pollution? If theindustry is not following pollution norms, moveto the civic bodies to complain about it. Mobilisepublic support to prevent environmentaldegradation in your area.

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II. ACTIVITIES

1. Value addition.Given below is a flow chart on value addition in the textile industry. Complete the chart by filling up theblank spaces.

2. Industry Search.Given below are names of certain types of industries. Place them under their correct categories:Knitting needles, Sugar, Iron and Steel, Cycle parts, Edible Oil, Fuse wires, Cotton textile, Rubber, Jutetextiles, Cement, Watches, Shipbuilding, Electric bulbs, Tea, Petrochemical, Locomotives, Silk,Automobiles, Sewing machines, Woollen textiles.

Industries Industries

Agro-based Mineral-based. Heavy Industry Light Industry

III. ASSIGNMENTS1. Factorisation.

Given below are some factors of production and inputs required for ideal location of industries.Categorise them into human and physical factors ideal for location of industries.Labour, Raw material, Power resources, Transport facilities, Capital, water, Favourable climate, bankingand insurance, Market, Land, Entrepreneur.

FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES

Physical Factors Human Factors

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2. Complete the following chart by filling up the blank spaces.

PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURE OF STEEL

IV. QUIZZES1. Word Jumble

(a) ANAVRISA ________ A place in Uttar Pradesh where railway diesel engines are manufactured.(b) ICSOT _________ A private sector steel plant of India.(c) IHAILB ________ Public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh.(d) LMIAIUUNM _______ (Mineral used for manufacturing of aircraft)(e) OADIN __________ (A software technology park located in the National Capital Region around

Delhi)2. Crossword Puzzle : Fill in the puzzle by using words pertaining to industry.

Across Down

1. Place where the product is sold (6) 1. To make or produce (11)2. Degradation of land, water and air (9) 2. People who work in a factory (9)3. The only public sector Fertiliser plant 3. A product manufactured at HCL in

of India is located here (6) Rupnarayanpur, West Bengal (5)4. Things produced in industries (7) 4. Used to drive machinery (5)

5. A person who sells good in retail (8) 5. Raw material for sugar industry (9)