MANUAL - NDT Equipment | Pipe Inspection Cameras | … Sviwelling laser D22 ..... A7 Laser D22 and...

Damalini AB

Tel +46 31 708 63 00Fax +46 31 708 63 50e-mail: [email protected] w w . d a m a l i n i . c o m

© 2006-2008 Damalini AB. Changes may be made without further notice.Windows®, Excel® and Works® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Co.Lotus® is a registered trademark of the Lotus Development Co.

Manual

Display unit D279

D450 Shaft Alignment

D505 Shaft AlignmentD525 Shaft AlignmentD600 MachineD630 ExtruderD650 LineboreD660 TurbineD670 ParallelismD800 Machine SpinLaserTechnology™

05-0100 Rev7.3

D480 Shaft Alignment

Alfagatan 6 431 49 Mölndal, Sweden

APPLICATION EXAMPLES FOR EASY-LASER®

A

B

C

D

E

F

System

Handling

Programs

Applications

Basics

Appendix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. SystemComplete systems ............................................. A2Complete systems ............................................. A3Complete systems ............................................. A4Display unit D279 ............................................... A5Spinning laser D23 ............................................. A6Sviwelling laser D22 ........................................... A7Laser D22 and D23: calibration of vials ............... A9Spindle laser D146 ........................................... A11Laser transmitter D75 ....................................... A13Measuring units S, M: PSD 18x18 mm .............. A15Measuring units S, M: PSD 10x10 mm .............. A17Detector D5 ...................................................... A19Detector D157 .................................................. A20Detector D6 ...................................................... A21Large target Base line, Tripod .......................... A2290° Angular prism D46 ..................................... A2390° Angular prism D46: calibration .................... A24Shaft brackets ................................................... A25Sliding bracket .................................................. A26Magnet base D45, Cable support .................... A27Accessory brackets .......................................... A28Cardan brackets ............................................... A29Turbine fixtures etc. .......................................... A30Linebore system: coordinate hub ...................... A31Linebore system: detector ................................. A32Extruder fixtures etc. ......................................... A33Printer Kyoline BAT .......................................... A34

Vibrometer Probe D283 .................................... A35Instruction Tilting screws ................................... A36

B. Handling the display unitMain menu ......................................................... B2Help menus ........................................................ B3Store measurement result ................................... B4Restore and Delete measurement result .............. B5Printouts and PC transmitting ............................... B6EasyLink™ PC software for Windows ................. B7Measurement value filter ................................... B19Programming the laser (D22, D75, D146) ........ B20

C. The measurement programsIntroduction to shaft alignment .............................. C2Mounting the measuring units .............................. C3Rough alignment ................................................ C4Shaft alignment: enter the distances ..................... C5Program 11, Horizontal ....................................... C6Measurement result for horizontal machines ........ C8Tolerance Check ................................................ C9Thermal Growth Compensation ........................ C10Program 12, Easy-TurnTM. ............................... C12Program 13, Softfoot ......................................... C15Program 14, Cardan ........................................ C16Program 15, Vertical ......................................... C20Program 16, Offset and Angle ........................... C22Program 17, Values .......................................... C24

Program 18, Machine train ............................... C26Program 19, Vibrometer ................................... C31Program 21, Spindle ........................................ C36Program 22, Straightness ................................. C39Program 23, Center of Circle ............................ C42Program 24, Flatness ....................................... C46Program 25, Plumbline ..................................... C49Program 26, Squareness ................................. C53Program 27, Parallelism .................................... C55Program 28, Flange ......................................... C58Introduction to sheave alignment ....................... C60Program 29, BTA Digital .................................... C61Program 31, Half Circle .................................... C67Program 34, Straightness Plus .......................... C71Program 35, Center of Circle Plus ..................... C74Program 36, Half Circle Plus ............................. C78Program 38, Parallelism Plus ............................ C82

D. Measurement applicationsStraightness ....................................................... D2Flatness ............................................................. D3Squareness measurement with indexing ............. D4Straightness measurement with S- and M-unit ..... D5Pointing direction ................................................ D6Aligning of workpiece .......................................... D7

E. Measurement basicsFacts about laser ................................................ E2

Facts about PSD ................................................ E3Divergence and Laser beam center .................... E4Thermal gradients .............................................. E5Measurement and alignment ............................... E6Technical terms ................................................... E7Conditions for shaft alignment .............................. E8Shaft alignment methods .................................... E10Mathematical principles of shaft alignment .......... E11Center of rotation .............................................. E12Angular deviation ............................................. E14Measurement principles for geometry ................ E15Straightness – reference points ......................... E16

F. AppendixTolerances for shaft alignment .......................... F2Tolerances for sheave alignment ....................... F3Checking the units .............................................. F4Conversion tables .............................................. F5Problem solver, Maintenance .............................. F6Notes ................................................................. F7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Damalini AB declares that the Easy-Laser® product range is manufactured in conformity withnational and international regulations.

The system complies with, and has been tested according to the following requirements:

EMC Directive: 89/336/EEC93/68/EEC

Low Voltage Directive: 73/23/EEC

Laser Classification: EUROPE SS-EN-608 25-1-1994USA CFR 1040.10/11 - 1993

RoHs Directive: 2002/95/EGWEEE Directive : 2002/96/EG

1 February 2006, Damalini AB Fredrik Eriksson, Quality Manager

Declaration of ConformityEquipment:EASY-LASER® PRODUCT RANGE

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Easy-Laser® is a laser instrument in laser class IIwith an output power less than 1 mW, which onlyrequires the following safety precautions:

Never stare directly into the laser beam Never aim the laser beam at anyone else’s eyes.

NOTE! Opening the laser units can result inhazardous radiation, and will in validate themanufacturer warranty.

!

DISCLAIMER

Damalini AB and our authorized dealers will takeno responsibility for damage to machines andplant as a result of the use of Easy-Laser®measurement and alignment systems.Even though great efforts are made to make theinformation in this manual free from errors, and tomake the information complete for the user, there

could be things we have missed, because of thelarge amount of information. As a result of this, wemight change and correct these things in laterissues without further information. Changes to theEasy-Laser® equipment may also affect theaccuracy of the information.

Warning!If starting the machine to be measured would resultin injuries, the possibility to unintentionally start itmust be disabled before mounting the equipment,for example by locking the switch in the off positionor removing the fuses.These safety precautions should remain in placeuntil the measurement equipment has been remo-ved from the machine.NOTE! The system should not be used in explosiverisk areas.

DAMALINI AB

Easy-Laser®: measurement equipment foryour needsDamalini develops and manufactures Easy-Laser®for measurement and alignment of machinery andplant. We have more than 20 years of experiencefrom measurement tasks in the field and productdevelopment. We also provide measurement ser-vice, which means that we ourselves use theequipment we develop, and continuously improveit. Because of this we dare to call ourselvesmeasurement specialists.

Measurement service and trainingDon not hesitate to contact us about yourmeasurement problems. Our expertise will help yousolve it in an easy way. For specific customerapplications we develop customized systems. Forthe latest information, you are welcome to visit ourweb site.

Easy-Laser® around the worldDamalini products are used in more than 40countries around the world. This means that as auser of Easy-Laser®, you have a lot ofcompanions. For us this is the best source forimprovements to the equipment. Wherever youare, we look forward to helping you with yourmeasurement and alignment tasks!

Development department.

Measurement training.

Our products are used all around the world.

UPGRADABILITY

Lasers

Systems and partsThe Easy-Laser®systems are designed to grow as the needsincrease. Measurement systems D450 and D505 have as stan-dard when delivered only programs for shaft alignment, and allother systems with Display unit D279 have all programs (seenext page). Starting with Display unit D279 you can measurevirtually anything by combining different fixtures, lasers,measuring units and detectors, and also expand themeasurement software in some cases. You can start with a Shaftalignment system, and then expand the system for geometrymeasurements. In the same way you can start with a Geometrysystem and expand it with equipment for shaft alignment.

Magnetic bases

Angular prism D46

Tripod

Swivelling laser D22

Spindle laser D146

Universal laser D75

Brackets

Cardan brackets

Sliding brackets

Standard shaft bracketswith chains

Detector D5

Detector D157

PC Printer

Display unit D279(Note! Depending onsoftware configuration.)

Detector D6SpinLaserTechnology

Laser transmitterD23SpinLaserTechnology

Thin shaft brackets

Magnetic brackets

Vibrometer probeD283

Schematic picture of the parts included in theEasy-Laser® measurement product range.

Measuring units

2-axis, Inclinometer

S-units

1-axis



M-units


1-axis

BTA Digital

MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS

Measurement programs configurationsThese pages describe which programs and functions the Display unit D279has for the different measurement systems. There is also a brief description ofeach program.

D525D600D630D650D660D670D800

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X

X

X

X X

X XOffset and Angle - This program displays the offset and the angularmisalignment between e.g. two shafts. Shows values from both 1-axis and 2-axis measurement units. Also suitable for dynamic measurements.

X X

X

X

X

D505

X

X

D450

EasyTurnTM - For shaft alignment of horizontal machines.Requires only 20 between measurement points.

Horizontal - For shaft alignment of horizontal machines with the 9-12-3 method.

Softfoot - With this program you can check that the machine is standing on allfeet. Displays which foot to correct.

Vertical - For measurement of vertical and flange mounted machines.

Cardan - Shows the angular misalignment and the adjustment value foroffset mounted machines.

Tolerance check - Checks the offset and angle values towards selectedtolerance. Shows graphically when the alignment is within tolerance. Sub function.

Measurement Value Filter - Air with varying temperature may influence thedirection of the laser beam. The filter function produces stable readings also forthese conditions. Sub function in all programs except BTA Digital and Vibrometer.

Machine train - For the alignment of two to ten machines in a row (ninecouplings). Shows the measurement values live during the alignment.

Thermal growth compensation - Compensates for difference in thermalgrowth between the machines. Works as a sub function in the Horizontal,EasyTurn™ and Machine train program.

RefLock™ - Any two feet can be selected as references (locked).Works as a sub function in the Machine train program.

X

X

X

D480

MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

BTA digital - For measurement and alignment of pulleys.

Values - This program displays the values from the detector in live mode, similarto measurement with dial indicators. The values can be zeroed and halved. Upto four units can be connected in series and can be zeroed individually.

Vibrometer - Shows vibration level in ”mm/s” or ”inch/s” and bearing conditionvalue in ”g”. The measurement complies with vibrations standard ISO10816-3.

X

X

Straightness - For measurement of straightness on machinefoundations, shafts, bearing journals etc. Handles up to 150 measurementpoints with two arbitrary zero points.

Continued ➥➥➥➥➥

D525D600D630D650D660D670D800

D505D450

X

Squareness - For measurement of squareness in machinery and plant.

Parallelism - For measuring between rolls, machine sides etc. Handlesup to 150 rolls or other objects. Baseline or roll can be chosen asreference. Each measurement object is given a specific name.

Flatness - Program for measurement of flatness/twist, for example onmachine foundations, machine tables etc. Handles up to 300 measurementpoints with three zero points.

Straightness PLUS - Versatile program with advanced functions. Measure-ment points can be added, deleted or remeasured anytime during the measure-ment. The reference line can be offset set. For use as described above.

PlumbLine - With this program you measure plumbline and straightnesson turbine and generator shafts, for example.

Spindle - For measurement of centerline direction of machine spindles onmachine tools, drilling machines etc.

Parallelism PLUS - Versatile program with advanced functions. Measurementobjects can be added, deleted or remeasured anytime during the measurement.Includes baseline measurement function. For use as described above.

D480

MEASUREMENT PROGRAMSD525D600D630D650D660D670D800

X

X

X

X

X

X

D505D450

Half-Circle - Measurement values are taken in the 9, 6 and 3 o’clock positions.Allows varying diameters. To be used with the Turbine system.

Center of circle PLUS - Versatile program with advanced functions. Measure-ment points can be added, deleted or remeasured anytime during the measure-ment. The reference line can be offset set. For use as described above.

Note! Display unit D279 can be upgraded and expanded with new software.This means that above configurations is for standard systems. XX

Flange - For measurement of flatness on flanges and circular planes, forexample axial bearings. Up to 150 measurement points can be handled.Three zero points with 120° in between are calculated by the system.

Center of circle - This program is used when measuring thestraightness of bearing journals. Allows varying diameters.

Half-Circle PLUS - Versatile program with advanced functions. Measurementpoints can be added, deleted or remeasured anytime during the measurement.The reference line can be offset set. For use as described above.

D480

GETTING STARTED

ManualThis manual describes in order:The hardware parts:

Technical specifications and functions.

Handling the display unit:Settings, button choices and measurement data handling.

Handling the measurement programs:Measurement procedures step-by-step.

Measurement applications:More examples of applications.

The basics of measurement and aligning:The basics, technical terms etc.

Appendix:Tolerances, Conversion tables, Problem solver.

If you are unfamiliar with measurement andalignment, we suggest that you first read thechapter E- Measurement basics... before you startusing the system, and then go on from chapter A.

NOTE! In chapter C-Measurement programseach step describes which button to press tocontinue the measurement. Also there areoptional choices between brackets, for example:

[ Backstep ]


Regarding the On/Off-button :When you are using a measurement program andpress the On/Off-button you will be directed to theprogram menu again. You can now choose tostart another program and do anothermeasurement. If you will not use the display unit inthis mode it will automatically be shut down after10 minutes. If you instead press the On/Off-buttonagain the display unit will be shut downimmediately.(The display unit also has a general Auto-Offfunction, see page B2.)

GETTING STARTED

The measurement systemIn the following way you connect the system tolearn how to handle it. For the description of eachlaser, measuring unit etc, see chapter A.1. Mount/place the equipment with suitablefixtures on the measurement object.2. Connect the cable to the display unit.3. Connect the other end of the cable to anymeasuring unit or detector. NOTE! You can useany of the two connections on the units.4. If you are using a shaft alignment system,connect the other cable between the measuringunits S and M.5. Start the display unit by pressing . The firstthing displayed is the program menu. Start thedesired program by keying in the program number.

The picture shows twomeasuring units (S, M)connected to the display unit.

Shift to Program-menu page 2 by pressing

To get to the Main menu, pressReturn to previous page by pressing the Menu-button once again.(Possible in any situation, also during measurement.)

The first line of the Main menu says “Units found:”shows whether the display unit is in contact withall of the connected measuring units.

NOTE! If you connect two measuring units S andM the laser lights up when a program is started. Ifyou have a detector and a separate laser trans-mitter you start the transmitter by pressing its On-button.

Rough alignment before measuring6. Now aim the laser at the detector.Start by aiming the laser at the closed target. (Fordetailed description, see chapter C, “Roughalignment” for shaft alignment, and each programfor other measurements.)7. Open the target.8. Enter the required distances as prompted by thesystem.9. Continue the measurement as described on thedisplay.

GETTING STARTED

10. After the measurement is finished you can dothe following; save the result in the display unit, ifyou have a printer; connect this and make aprintout (see chapter B) or connect the displayunit to a PC and transmit the data (in this caseyou first have to install the EasyLink™ software,see chapter B.)

These are the basics for getting started with thesystem. Easy-Laser® is easy to use, but as withmost things, practical training and experience areneeded to correctly and effectively carry out themeasurements.

Good luck, and thanks for chosing Easy-Laser®measurement and alignment systems!

ASystem A. SystemComplete systems ............................................... A2Complete systems ............................................... A3Complete systems ............................................... A4Display unit D279 ............................................... A5Spinning laser D23 ............................................. A6Sviwelling laser D22 ........................................... A7Laser D22 and D23: calibration of vials ............... A9Spindle laser D146 ........................................... A11Laser transmitter D75 ....................................... A13Measuring units S, M: PSD 18x18 mm .............. A15Measuring units S, M: PSD 10x10 mm .............. A17Detector D5 ...................................................... A19Detector D157 .................................................. A20Detector D6 ...................................................... A21Large target Base line, Tripod .......................... A2290° Angular prism D46 ..................................... A2390° Angular prism D46: calibration .................... A24Shaft brackets ................................................... A25Sliding bracket .................................................. A26Magnet base D45, Cable support .................... A27Accessory brackets .......................................... A28Cardan brackets ............................................... A29Turbine fixtures etc. .......................................... A30Linebore system: coordinate hub ...................... A31Linebore system: detector ................................. A32Extruder fixtures etc. ......................................... A33Printer Kyoline BAT .......................................... A34Vibrometer Probe D283 .................................... A35Instruction Tilting screws ................................... A36

COMPLETE SYSTEMS

A2

All systems:All systems are delivered in aluminium framed carryingcase with contoured foam insert. Size and designdepending on system. Always included:1 Protective case for display unit1 Measuring tape1 Manual1 EasyLink™ PC program+cable

D450 Shaft Alignment system1 Display unit D279 with 5 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors2 Measuring units (S, M); PSD 10x10 mm2 Shaft brackets with chains2 Sets of extension rods

D505 Shaft Alignment system1 Display unit D279 with 14 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors2 Measuring units (S, M), PSD 18x18 mm2 Shaft brackets with chains2 Sets of extension rods2 Extension chains2 Offset brackets2 Magnetic bases

D4801 Display unit D279 with 14 programs/functions 2 Cables with push-pull connectors 2 Measuring units (S, M), PSD 10x10 mm 2 Shaft brackets with chains 2 Sets of extension rods 2 Extension chains

COMPLETE SYSTEMS

A

A3

D525 Shaft Alignment system D600 Machine (Basic)1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors (2m, 5m)1 Detector D51 Magnetic base with turnable head2 Sets of extension rods

For complete system add appropriate laser (D22, D146,D75), angular prism D46 and other accessories.

1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors2 Measuring units (S, M), PSD 18x18 mm2 Shaft brackets with chains2 Sets of extension rods2 Extension chains2 Offset brackets2 Magnetic bases

D630 Extruder system

D650 Linebore system1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables withpush-pull connectors (2m, 5m)1 Laser D75 with coordinate hub1 Detector Linebore with offsethubArms for diameters 100–500 mm [4–20”].1 Printer with cable and charger1 Set of attachment items

1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors1 Laser transmitter D75 with fixture1 Detector D157 with adapter plates1 Large target Extruder

COMPLETE SYSTEMS

A4

D660 Turbine system1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors1 Laser transmitter D75 with offset hub1 Detector unit D51 Detector fixture with magnet bases and extensionarms for diameters 150–1700 mm [5.90”–66.9”]1 Set of probe extensions1 Self centering target1 Printer with cable and charger

D670 Parallelism system1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions2 Cables with push-pull connectors1 Detector D51 Magnet base D45 with turnable head2 Sets of extension rods1 Swiveling laser D221 Sliding table2 Large targets Base line1 Sliding bracket with turnable head1 Angular prism D462 Carrying cases2 Tripods

D800 Machine system1 Display unit D279 with 27 programs/functions1 Laser transmitter D232 Cables with push-pull connectors (2m, 5m)1 Detector D61 Magnet base for laser transmitter1 Magnet base D45 with turnable head2 Sets of extension rods

DISPLAY UNIT D279

A

A5

Display unit D279: Different number ofmeasurement programs depending on whichsystem the display unit is included in (thesoftware can be expanded and upgraded throughthe RS232 interface).Battery operated unit that reads one to fourmeasuring units/detectors. Membrane keyboardwith 16 buttons and backlit LCD display.Measurement data storage. Serial port for printerand PC communication. With protective case forrough environment.

Serial port RS232

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSHousing material Aluminum / ABSKeyboard 16 membrane buttonsDisplay Backlit 4.5” LCDBattery type 4 x 1.5 V R14 (C)Operating time 48 hrs continuously

24 hours with two measuringunits connected.

Displayed resolution Changeable, down to 0.001 mm(0.05 mil)

Memory Stores up to 1000 shaft alignmentsor 7000 measurement points

Connections Measuring units/Detectors/Vibrometer probe andserial port RS232, 9P

Dimensions 180x175x40 mm [7”x6 7/8”x1 9/16”]Weight 1100 g [2.4 lbs]

The connectors between displayunit and detectors should beconnected as on the picture.

Battery lid

(See back ofDisplay unit forbattery direction.)

SPINNING LASER D23

A6

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSLaser diode < 1 mW Class 2Laser wavelength 635–670 nmLaser beam diameter 6 mm [1/4”] at apertureRange of measurement 40 meters [130´] radiusBattery type 2 x R14 (C)Operating time / battery appr. 15 hrsLeveling range + 1.7o [ + 30 mm/m]Vials scaling 4 arc sec. [0.02 mm/m]Flatness of sweep 0.02 mm [20 ]Housing material AluminumWeight 5.8 lbs [2650 g]

Laser transmitter with motor-drivenrotating head (360°).Pressing the On button once turns on thelaser, next press starts rotation.

On / Off

Battery lid

Rotating head

Vials (x3)

Important!See page A36 for instructionsregarding the tilting screws.

SWIVELLING LASER D22

Laser transmitter with swivelling head for 360o

sweep of the laser beam (Alt. 1). The sweep canbe leveled to a horizontal or vertical plane.The beam can be deflected 90° to the sweep (Alt. 2).(See page B20 for more information on D22.)

A

Vial for vertical sweepand horizontal beam.

Alternative mounting of the laser on thelevelling table using two M6 screws.

5/8 UNC diameter20mm spindle.

Vials for coarse levelling whenturning the laser head.

4 x 10mm diameter holeswith locking screws for

mounting on risers.

Vials for horizontal sweep

Tilting screws:Fine

CoarseLocking

Adj. screw for vials

Laser aperture Alt. 2

Laser aperture Alt. 1

Push here to switch the beamperpendicular to the sweep.

Fine turning

One of two 5/8 UNCthreads for mountingon tripod.

Adj. screws for vials

Battery lid


A7

SWIVELLING LASER D22: dimensions

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSLaser diode < 1 mW Class 2Laser wavelength 635–670 nmLaser beam diameter 6 mm [1/4”] at apertureRange of measurement 40 meters [130´] radiusBattery type 1 x R14 (C)Operating time / battery appr. 24 hrsLevelling range + 1.7o [ + 30 mm/m]Vial scaling 4 arc sec. [0.02 mm/m]Perpendicularity 2 arc sec. [0.01 mm/m]Flatness of sweep 0.02 mm [20 ]Fine turning 20 arc sec. [0.1 mm/m]Vial on head scaling 0.3o [5 mm/m]Housing material AluminumWeight 5.8 lbs [2650 g]

A8

LASER D22, D23: calibrating the vials

A9

Here we describe how you calibrate the vialson the D22 and D23. This is normally done atdelivery, but can be redone when necessary. Thevials are scaled to 0.02 mm/m [4 arc sec.].Accurate levelling to the vials will achieve arepeated levelling better than the scaling of thevials, approximately 0.005 mm/m [1 arc sec.].If the laser is to be used as a levelled referencethe vials must be calibrated to the laser beam.That means that the vials are calibrated to thelaser beam, and not to the bottom of the lasertransmitter. Principle:Let the laser beam pass through two fixed points,at least 1 meter apart. Turn the laser transmitter180° and tilt the beam to pass through the twopoints again. Adjust the vials to half the travel.One of the fixed points is the laser transmitter,because the beam aperture is at the same heightthe whole turn around. The other fixed point is adetector with fixed position of the laser beam.

Use the progam Values during calibration. Long distanceto detector will get you a better result (at least 1 m). Turnthe entire laser transmitter 180° with the laser head at thecentre and aim the beam backwards within 1 mm in sidedirection (H-value). Note: Never move the detector!

A. Level according to vials.B. Zero set on the display unit (press ).C. Turn entire laser transmitter 180°.C. Level according to vials.D. Halve the displayed value (press ).E. Level the V-value to zero.F. Adjust the vial using a hexagon wrench.G. Turn entire laser transmitter 90°.G. Level the V-value to zero.F. Adjust the second vial using a hexagon wrench.

Vials

A

LASER D22, D23: calibrating the vials

A10

When calibrating the single vial on laser-transmitter D22, the sweep of the laser can beused. Place the detector in two positions, at least1 m apart, and let the laser beam pass throughthis from two directions.Use the three point washers placed on themagnets for proper elevation, and mount thelaser as shown on picture below.1. Level according to vial at A.2. Zero set display at B.3. Note the value at C.4. Move the laser to D and level according to vial.5. Zero set display at E.6. Note the value at F.7. Add C- and F-value and divide by 2.8. Level the laser to the result from point 7.9. Adjust the vial using a hexagon wrench.

Self calibration of vials when high demands of horizontalplane. The vials on laser D22 and D23 are normally calibratedto the laser beam. Measurements that need an absolutehorizontal plane to be the reference will put great demands onthe calibration. Therefore any errors in the calibration aremeasured and compensated for. The principle is the same asfor normal calibration, but can get you a better accuracybecause it is done during measurement.1. Level according to vials.A. Zero set value.B. Read the value (for example 1.00)2. Index the laser 180°, level according to vials.C. Zero set value.D. Read the value(for example 2.00)3. E. Calculate the middle of B and D (in this case 1.50)This shows the difference in level of the measurement points.

A B1.

C2. DC

EBCalculated value

D

3.

SPINDLE LASER D146

A

A11

Laser aperture

Battery cap(use a coin to lock)

Alt. 1 Alt. 2

Laser adjustmentscrews

Laseraperture

On / Off

Mounting plate andclamping pin (changeable)made of stainless steel.

Laser transmitter D146 for measurement ofspindle direction and straightness. Attached to aspindle it will project concentric circles when thespindle is rotated. The centres of those circles arethe same as for the pointing direction of thespindle. This allows measurement of the pointingdirection of the spindle relative to the movementof the detector, as well as straightness along thespindle direction. The clamping pin can bemounted at both ends of the transmitter (Alt. 1 andAlt. 2). Pins of different diameters can be used.(See page B20 for more information on D146.)

A12

SPINDLE LASER D146: technical specifications

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSHousing material Anodized aluminumLaser diode < 1mW, Class 2Measurement distance 20 m [60´]Battery type 1x R6 (AA)Operating time appr. 6 hoursMax. speed 2000 rpmClamping diameter* Adapted with pinWeight 300 g [10.5 oz]

9.53 [3/8”]*

M6-1 depth 6 [0.25”] 2x both sides

Ø60 [2.36”]

35 [1

.38”

]63

[2.4

8”]

40 [1

.58”

]

54 [2

.1”]

The laser transmitter D75 is used formeasurement of straightness and spindledirection. At the sides M6-threads allowalternative mounting possibilities. This transmittercomes as standard with the Extruder, Lineboreand Turbine system.(See page B20 for more information on D75.)

LASER TRANSMITTER D75

A13

Battery cap (+ to outside)

Laser adjustmentVertical:

FineCoarseLocking

Laser adjustmentHorizontal

Laser aperture

On / Off

M6 threads (x6)

A


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSLaser diode < 1 mW Class 2Laser wavelength 635–670 nmBeam diameter 6 mm [1/4”] at apertureMeasurement distance 40 meter [130´]Battery type 1 x 1.5 V R14 (C)Operating time / battery >15 hrsLaser adjustment 2 ways + 2° (+ 35 mm/m)Housing material Anodized aluminumDimensions 60x60x120 mm

[2 3/8”x2 3/8”x4 3/4”]Weight 700 g [1.5 lb]

LASER TRANSMITTER D75: technical specifications

A14

MEASURING UNITS PSD 18x18mm

Detector aperture

Sliding target

Vials

Connections

Measuring units with PSD detector (18x18 mm),thermal sensor, electronic 360° inclinometer andlaser diode in one housing. The housing has anumber of threads and mounting holes, two vialsand target. Two alternative connections for displayunit and other measuring units. There areversions with 2-axis detectors available (optional).Delivered as a pair with S-unit and M-unit (forStationary and Movable machine).

Locking knobs (when mounted on risers)

Laser aperture

Laser adjustment

Measurement values when moved according to arrows.

SH +

SV +

MH +

R +

MV +

R +

A

A15

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 1-axis alt. 2-axis PSDDetector size 18x18 mm [3/4”x3/4”]Linearity Better than 1%Laser diode < 1 mW Class 2Laser wavelength 635-670 nmBeam diameter 3 mm [1/8”] at apertureVial scaling 5 mm/m [0.3o]Inclinometer resolution 0.1°Thermal sensors + 1° accuracyDimensions 60x60x50 mm

[2 3/8”x2 3/8”x2”]Housing material AluminumWeight 198 g [7oz]

MEASURING UNITS: dimensions, technical specifications

A16

*Centre of laser*Centre of unit*Centre of PSD

*Three threads on theback allow a lot ofvarying attachments forother machines and newapplications.

MEASURING UNITS PSD 10x10mm

Measuring units with PSD detector (10x10 mm),and laser diode in one housing. The housing hasa number of threads and mounting holes, twovials and target. Two alternative connections fordisplay unit and the other measuring unit.Delivered as a pair with S-unit and M-unit (forStationary and Movable machine).These are standard with the D450 system.

Detector aperture

Sliding target

Connections


Laser aperture

Laser adjustment

Three threads on the back allow a lot ofvarying attachments for other machinesand new applications.

A

Vials

A17

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 1-axis PSDDetector size 10x10 mm [3/8”x3/8”]Linearity Better than 1%Laser diode < 1 mW Class 2Laser wavelength 635–670 nmBeam diameter 3 mm [1/8”] at apertureVial scaling 5 mm/m [0.3o]Dimensions 60x60x50 mm

[2 3/8”x2 3/8”x2”]Housing material AluminumWeight 198 g [7oz]

MEASURING UNITS: dimensions, technical specifications

A18

Centre of laserCentre of unitCentre of PSD

DETECTOR D5

Detector aperture

Sliding target

Vials

Connections on two sides

Detector that can read the position of alaserbeam. Built-in electronic 360° inclinometerand thermal sensor. A number of threads andmounting holes allow varying attachmentpossibilities. Vials and target for rough alignment.Two alternative connections for display unit andother detectors. Markings for measurementdirections.


Facing towards the laser, movements of the detector tothe right will give positive H-values and moving upwardswill give positive V-values. Rotation anticlockwise aro-und a horizontal axis will give positive angle values.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 2-axis PSDDetector size 18x18 mm [3/4”x3/4”]Linearity Better than 1%Vials scaling 5 mm/m [0.3o]Inclinometer resolution 0.1°Thermal sensors + 1° accuracyDimensions 60x60x50 mm[2 3/8”x2 3/8”x2”]Housing material AluminumWeight 198 g [7oz]

H +

V +R +

A

A19

A20

DETECTOR D157

Front Back

Facing towards the laser, movements of thedetector to the right will give positive H-valuesand moving upwards will give positive V-values.Rotation anticlockwise around a horizontal axiswill give positive angle values.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 2-axis PSDDetector size 20x20 mm [0.79”x0.79”]Linearity Better than 1%Inclinometer res. 0.1°Dimensions Ø40[1.58”], length 60 mm [2 3/8”]Housing material Brass, stainless steelWeight 198 g [7 oz]

M5 (x8)

Detector aperture Connections (x2)

Detector that can read the position of a laserbeam. Built-in electronic 360o inclinometer.Housing with eight threads (M5) allow a varyingattachment possibilities. Two alternativeconnections for display unit. Markings formeasurement directions.

[mm]

DETECTOR D6

A

A21

Detector aperture

Connections on two sides

With SpinLaserTechnology™. Detector that canread the position of a rotating laser beam from theD23 laser transmitters. Two alternativeconnections for display unit and other detectors. Locking knobs (when mounted on risers)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 1-axis PSDDetector size 18x18 mm [3/4”x3/4”]Linearity Better than 1%Dimensions 60x60x50 mm[2 3/8”x2 3/8”x2”]Housing material AluminumWeight 190 g [7oz]

Marked center line

Facing towards the laser, movingupwards will give positive V-values.

V +

A22

LARGE TARGET BASE LINE TRIPOD

Target for datum line finding/setting. For useon floor or at magnet base with rods. Instead ofa target, a detector can be mounted. Targetarea: 200x200 mm [8x8”].

Tripod for laser transmitter and angular prism.Usable for example when measuring rolls for parallel.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSTransport dim. 1110 mm [44”]Weight 7,9 kg [17.4 lbs]Min. – Max. height 500–2730 mm [19”–107”]Mounting thread 5/8 UNC

Support

Guiding pinVial

Rod for optionaldetector attachment

Leveling setting

90O ANGULAR PRISM D46

Tilting plate

Horizontal tilt

Vertical tilt

Fine turning screw

Locking knob for fine turning

Vertical adjustment

Sliding way for transversalworking range

Vials for rough alignment

5/8 UNC and 2 pcs. M6threads for mounting ontripod or magnetic base.

Press here to switchthe prism away.

Horizontal adjustment

For measurement of squareness and parallelism.A built-in penta prism deflects the laserbeam 90°.To keep the accuracy of the prism whenmeasuring, the prism should be aligned to thecenter of and parallel to the laser beam. Theprism can be switched away to let the laser beamhit a target that is used for alignment of the unit.

A

A23

90O ANGULAR PRISM: calibration, technical specifications

Parallel alignment1. Switch the prism away to let the beam hit the target.2. Slide the prism toward A and adjust with B and C untilthe target is concentric to the laser beam.3. Slide the prism away from A and adjust with D and Euntil the target is concentric to the laser beam.4. Repeat 2 and 3.5.Switch the prism in, tighten the locking knob andmeasure.Now the angular prism can be moved to a new positionon the sliding way to aim the laser beam to the detector.

(The 90° unit is shown mounted on tripod.)

Locking knob

5/8 UNC - M6 spindle for mounting on magnetic base

Laser beam in

Target

TECHNICAL DATADeflection 2 arc sec. (+ 0,01 mm/m)Turning range 360°Fine turning 0.1 mm/m [20 arc sec.]Sliding range + 2” [+ 50 mm]Horizontal range + 3/16” [+ 5 mm]Vertical range + 3/16” [+ 5 mm]Tilting range + 2°Aperture size Ø 3/4” [Ø 20 mm]Vials scaling 0.3° [5 mm/m]Threads 5/8 UNC and M6Housing material Aluminum/steelWeight 4 lbs [1800 g]

A24

Laser beam out

SHAFT BRACKETS

Thin shaft brackets.W=Width: 12 mm [1/2”]. With chain and thin toolfor chain tensioning.

Standard Shaft brackets with chains.For shafts Ø20–450 mm [3/4”–18”], width 20 mm[3/4”]. Extension chain for shafts larger thanØ150 mm [6”].

Magnetic brackets for axial mounting.W=Width: 10 mm [3/8”]

A

A25

Chain tension knob

Hook for the chain

Tool for tighteningthe rods

Attachment to shaft

Offset bracketsAllows axial offset on brackets.

Radial support pins.

Offset bracket mountedto magnetic base andshaft brackets.

W

W

SLIDING BRACKETS

Brackets for use when turning ofshafts is not possible.To be used with standard chainsor magnets and with or withoutturnable head depending onmeasurement application.

A26

Laser D75 mounted to fixture formeasurement of e.g. straightness of shaft.

Move the four supports to the inner threads whenmeasuring shafts Ø60–180 mm [2 3/8”–7”].

The bracket assembled formeasurement of plumbline. Bracket with standard chains.

Magnet (x2)

Turnable head

MAGNET BASE D45

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDimensions WxHxD 50x80x60 mm [2”x3 1/8”x2 3/8”]Weight 1200 g [2.8 lbs]Holding power 800 N

Magnet base with turnable head for detectormounting, 90° angular prism or laser. On thepicture shown with risers mounted.

Turnable head (360°)

On / Off

Alternativemounting threads

V-shape allowsattachment to e.g. rolls.

A27

A

CABLE SUPPORT

Cable support for use for example when doingflange flatness measurement on vertical flanges.Minimises the risk of moving the detector out ofposition, caused by a pull or a heavy load on thecable.

A28

ACCESSORY BRACKETS

Laser bracket (D75)For mounting on standard rods.

Side support for detector D5For straightness measurement.

Laser bracket (D75)For mounting at shaft end.

Side support for laser D75For straightness measurement.

Magnets (x3)

Magnets (x2)

Support pins (x2)

Support pins (x2)

CARDAN BRACKET

Cardan bracket setFor measurement and alignment of offset mountedmachines. Largest offset 900 mm [3´].2 Magnetic bases2 Bracket arms1 Bracket arm with swivel head1 Turnable magnet bracketGuiding pins: M12, M16, M20, M24, M304 pcs. T-bolts4 pcs. Knobs5 pcs. M6x30 screw4 pcs. M8x20 screw2 pcs. M8x16 screwHexagon wrench 5 mmHexagon wrench 6 mm2 pcs. Large targets

Bracket arms mounted on shaft flange.

Mounting of measuring uniton turnable magnet bracket.

A

A29

Picture of mounted equipment.

TURBINE; fixtures etc.

A30

Note!On special request we manufacture a measurement systemfor turbines where the axial flange and the center line of theturbine housing are the references to which the journals anddiapraghms are adjusted.

Detector fixture

Locking handle

Magnet base (x2)Detector slide

Measuring probe

The design of the fixture allows for many different ways ofmounting the magnet bases and detector slide.The fixture can easily be extended if needed (see pictures up tothe right).

Instead of the picturedprobe standard rodscan be used to extendthe measuring range.

LINEBORE SYSTEM: coordinate hub

A

A31

Coordinate hub with three arms and magnetsfor mounting and parallel movement (adjustmentto centre) of the laser transmitter D75.

Coordinate hub with laser and arms mounted.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSLaser adjustment ±5 mm [3/16”] in 2 axisDimensions Ø99x62 mm [3 7/8”x2 3/8”]Housing material AluminumCoordinate table weight 1 kg [2.2 lbs]Arms for diameters Ø100–500 mm [4–20”]Weight 1.2 kg [2.6 lbs]

Verticalparallel movement andangular adjustment.

Horizontalangular adjustment andparallel movement.

When mounting the laser on the coordinate hub,screw the horizontal adjustment as far out aspossible so that the two fastening screws for thelaser can be reached.

Horizontal adjustment

Measure and adjust the arms to the radius. Adjust the thirdarm when the unit is in position in the measuring object.

Centre support

Fastening screws

Placing the laser in a bearing journal:

Alt. 1Alt. 2. One of the arms mounteddownwards when the upper bearingjournal part is removed.

D75

LINEBORE SYSTEM: detector

Detector with offset hub. Built-in electronic 360°inclinometer. Three adjustable arms for placing thedetector in circular measurement places.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDetector type 2-axis PSDDetector size 18x18 mm [3/4”x3/4”]Linearity Better than 1%Vials scaling 5 mm/m [0.3°]Inclinometer resolution 0.1°Dimensions Ø99x60 mm [3 7/8”x2 3/8”]Housing material AluminumWeight detector 400 g [14 oz]Measuring diameters Ø100–500 mm [4–20”]Weight for set of arms 2.4 kg [5.3 lbs]

A32

Vials

Detector aperture

Sliding target

Arm

Foot

Detector mounting for Ø150–500 mm

Measure and adjust the arms to the radius. The arm witheccentric-locking should be adjusted in the measured object.

Alternative armsfor Ø100–150 mm

Arms in vertical andhorizontal position(measurement at bottomand side).

Eccentric-locking

EXTRUDER: fixtures etc.

A

A33

Magnets (x3)

Bracket for laser D75

Adapter plates (two) for Detector D157.Manufactured to actual tubediameter at order time.

Large target with adjustablemagnets. Transparent plastics.

Detector positioning rodsMax. length as standard 6 m.

PRINTER KYOLINE BAT

Thermal printer for Easy-Laser® systems.When the power is turned on, the printer performs manyinternal tests and initializations. When the tests arecompleted, the printing head moves. The indicator lights up,and the printer is then ready for use.

The red indicator shows the state of the printer:Constant light – printer readyFlashing slow, short lighting – memory full, wait to launch thenext printingFlashing slow, short extinction – Battery charging in progressFlashing fast – printing head jammed; turn the printer off,remove the paper and replace it correctly.No light – printer needs to be charged. (First check thatthe printer is turned on.)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSInterface Serial RS232C, 9600 baudsPower supply Battery.Operating conditions 5–35° C, 20–70% humidityDimensions 165x135x50 mmWeight 560g [19 oz], with a 20 m paper rollRoll paper Thermal black printing,

Part No.03-0041width 112 mm, length 20 mdiameter 42 mm.

Spare printer cable Part No. 03-0241

Press and hold the roundbutton to advance the paper.

A34

When replacing the paper roll, cut the paper straight.

VIBROMETER PROBE D283

A

A35

Vibrometer probe D283: To use together withthe Vibrometer program in display unit D279.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS(Instrument/Software)Measurement range 0–50 mm/s [0–2 inch/s] RMSResolution 0.1 mm/s [0.01 inch/s]Frequency range Total level: 2–3200 Hz (Lp), 10–3200 Hz (Hp)

Bearing condition: 3200–20000 Hz(Probe)Sensitivity 100 mV/g +/-10%Dimensions Magnet: L=20 mm [4/5”], Ø=15 mm [19/32”]

Gauge tip: L=65 mm [2 1/2”9

Gauge tipMagnetic mounting

A36

LASER TRANSMITTER D22, D23 and D75: tilting screws

The tilting screws on the levelling table of theD22 and D23 lasertransmitter, and on the D75transmitter have to be operated carefully andaccording to instructions on this page.

Visual rough alignment to (detector) targetCheck the position of the fine adjustment screw (C). Itshould be in its nominal position appr. 2.5 mm according tothe figure (Fig. 2).1. Loosen the locking screw (A)2. Adjust with the course screw (B) to wanted position.3. Tighten the locking screw (A)

Digital fine adjustment to detector and read valuesImportant! The fine adjustment screw (C) must not exceedits upper (Max.) position (Fig. 3). That might damage thethreads of the screw.1. Check so that the locking screw (A) is tightened.2. Adjust with the fine adjustment screw (C) to wanted value.

Fig. 1

Fig. 3. Maximal adjustment

Max

. 5.5

mm

Fig. 2. Nominal position

2.5

mm

Fine (C)

Course (B)

Locking (A)

BHandling B. Handling the display unitMain menu ........................................................ B2Help menus ....................................................... B3Store measurement result ................................... B4Restore and Delete measurement result .............. B5Printouts and PC transmitting ............................... B6EasyLink™ PC software for Windows ................. B7Measurement value filter ................................... B19Programming the laser (D22, D75, D146) ........ B20

The menu for main settings, print and store isshown when pressing . This can of course bedone during measurement. When the display unitis shut off, all the settings will remain (exceptmeasurement filter value and tolerance checkeddisplay of measurement result).

Press corresponding numeric key to change or executesettings. Only available choices are shown.

Battery condition is shown as a series of *, Max. at H andMin. at L.

Toggle the Backlight of the display between On and Off.

Each touch changes the Contrast of the display to one of ten steps.

Set the current Date in the system clock.

Set the current Time in the system clock.

Set the time until Auto-Off between 10 and 99 minutes. 00 disables Auto-Off.

Set Measurement Filter Value between 0 and 30. (see page B19)

Toggle the units of measurement between 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mm: 5, 0.5, 0.05 mils: 5, 0.5, 0.05 thou.

Print the previous screen on a connected printer.

Send the measurement result to a connected printer or PC.

Store and Restore measurement results.

Help: Shows available program choices at each step of the measurement program procedure.

Return.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

Shows thenumber ofmeasuring units/detectorsconnected.

Number ofmeasurementsstored.

MAIN MENU

.

B2

NOTE!6: Program BTA DIGITAL; no filter available.7: Program BTA DIGITAL only uses the re-solution level 0.1 mm, 5 mils, 5 thou.Therefore only the unit will be affected whenyou toggle between the choices, not the re-solution.

1. To show current Help menu, first press

2. Then press , and the current help menu isshown.

HELP MENUS ETC

.

Help menus are available at most steps in themeasurement program procedure. “Help menu” isa display page that shows available buttonchoices (direct commands). This is for exampleusable when the printed manual is not available.

What the display shows in most programs:

Current Program step

If the measurement unit hasan inclinometer, the anglevalue is shown.

Both vertical andhorizontal values areshown if the unit is a2-axis.

Current measurement values becomes +++++ whenloss of signal, for example if the laserbeam isinterrupted.When connection failure, for example if cable isn’tconnected, measurement values become --------

Example from Straightness program when themeasurement result is shown digitally. Press andthe result will be shown graphically instead.

3. NOTE! The shown button choices are only active inthe measurement procedure, and not when the Helpmenu is shown. Therefore, return to the Main menuand the measurement procedure by pressing Menu-button twice. Then press appropriate numeric key.

B

B3

Current measurementvalues.

The measurement result with date, time anddescription can be stored in the internal memory,and will be kept even when the display unit is shutoff. The stored result can later on be reviewed onthe display, printed or transferred to a PC.Date and time are stored automatically. When youtype the letters and figures in, the cursor jumps tothe next position after 1 second. Repeatedpressings will give the next letter or figure.The memory is very large. 1000 shaft alignmentsor 7000 measurement points can be stored.Occassionally, if the memory is full the oldestmeasurement stored will be erased and a newresult is stored.

STORE MEASUREMENT RESULT

B4

blank _ - 1

A B C 2

D E F 3

G H I 4

J K L 5

M N O 6

P Q R S 7

T U V 8

W X Y Z 9

/ 0

& ( ) .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

. 9

Characters

Example: press threetimes and you have entered Y.

1. The measurementresult is displayed...

2. Press the Menu-button

3. Press (Store) 4. Enter a label (Max. 20 characters).

5. Finish and store

(Example from shaft alignment.)

RESTORE AND DELETE MEASUREMENT RESULT

B

B5

Restore a measurement by turning the systemon and then press the Menu-button before startingany program. Choose Restore and each storedmeasurement is displayed with Date, Time andLabel. The measurements are sorted inchronological order with the latest at the firstposition (number 1). Up to five measurements

1. Start the system

2. Press Menu-button 3. Press (Restore)

4. Press correspondingfigure to display desiredmeasurement.[Toggle betweenpages with ]

Number of storedmeasurements.

can be displayed at each time. Enter thecorresponding number for the measurement tobe restored or deleted, then select desiredfunction. When the data is displayed it can beprinted or transferred to a PC. This is done asusual via the Main menu by pressing Print orSend.

Your labelPage number andtotal amount of pages.

5. Select desired function:Restore measurementDelete this measurementDelete all storedmeasurementsBack

The measurementresult is displayed.[Return to list bypressing ]

Press to confirmdeletion of thismeasurement.

[Return to list ]

Press to confirmdeletion of all storedmeasurements.

[Return to list ]

Two options are available for measurementdata transfers. These are carried out from theMain menu. The Print Screen commandtransfers a copy of what is shown on the display.Actually a screen-dump.The Send command transfers a complete set ofinformation, in text mode. Transferring apreviously stored measurement also includesdescription if available.When using the programs Offset and Angle andValues, measurement values can be sent directlyfrom the detector to the serial port. TheEasyLink™ software (or other similar terminalprogram) can recieve the data sent.

1. Press

2. Press (print) or (send)

(For installation of EasyLinkTM, see next page.)

Easy-Laser® is equipped with an RS 232 C, 9 pinD-sub connector for printer or PC. The printer mustbe Epson compatible to achieve a proper graphicprintout.

Port settings:9600 Baud, no parity check, 8 data bits,1 stopbit

Example: printout fromStraightness-program.

Print Screenperforms a graphicscreen dump.

Send transfers acomplete set ofinformation aboutcurrent measurementin text mode.The serial number ofthe equipment usedand the measurementtemperature will alsobe specified.

PRINT and SEND

B6

B

B7

EASYLINKTM PC software for Windows

Fig.1

EasyLink™ requires;DOS: Windows® 98, NT, 2000, XP or Vista.RAM: 32 MBAvailable hard disk space for program files: 5 MB.Serial cable – nullmodem type (i.e. serial LapLink cable).

EasyLinkTM is a data transfer and database softwarefor Windows. The export function supports the Excel,Works and Lotus programs.The import function supports, besides Easy-Laser®,also measurement systems from some othermanufacturers. Up to 16000 measurements perdatabase can (at the time of publication of thismanual) be handled/stored by the program.

For the best functionality the EasyLink™ programshould be upgraded continuously. The latest versionis always available for download at our web site:www.damalini.comBecause of this some of the functions in the programmight differ from what is described on the followingpages. When necessary, please check the internalHelp files of the program.

Installing the program1. Place the Easy-Laser® CD in the CD drive of yourPC. The presentation program that also includes theinstallation files for EasyLink™ will normally autostart.Choose language. Then the image according to Fig.1 will appear. Click on the image (at the arrow), thenchoose type of installation (”full installation” if this isthe first time the program is installed).If the CD doesn’t start automatically, do like this:Under the [Start]-menu, choose [Run]. Then type the path”D:\ Software \ Easylink \ Install.exe”. Press [OK].)

2. The program will be installed with presetalternatives if you don’t choose otherwise ( Fig. 2–3).Press [Next] in the following dialogs until theprogram installation starts (Fig. 4).

3. Press [Finish] to finish the installation.

4. Remove the CD from the CD drive.

When installation is complete the programicon appears at the desktop. You can also find theprogram in the [Start]-menu.


B8

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

B9


B

Fig.5

Fig.6 Continued➥➥➥➥➥

The first time you start EasyLink™ the pro-gram asks for registration data (Fig. 5). You shoulde-mail this to get information on programupdatings.

Update EasyLink™ via the internetIf you want to update an older version ofEasyLink™ for Windows, do as follows :1. Under “Help” in EasyLink™, choose “Update via internet”2. The dialog in Fig. 6 will appear.3. Press “OK” and your internet browser starts*and locates the address assigned in the dialog.4. In the next dialog, choose “Save to disc”5. Download the file to C:\Program\Well (which isthe EasyLink™ folder)6. Under the “Start” menu, choose “Run” andbrowse for the file (C:\Program\Well \Update.EXE)where x is the update version)*Some browsers doesn’t support this function.Then you have to download the file manually fromwww.damalini.com instead.

Communication setupStart the EasyLink™ program.Under ”Settings”, choose the Com-port to whichthe serial cable is connected. Only available portscan be selected. Note that a port that appear to beavailable sometimes can be assigned to cameraor phone programs in your PC, which makes itnecessary to reconfigure these.

Transferring data from the Display unit.Connect the Display unit to the PC with the serialcable that came with the measurement system.

In the Display unit, display the measurement youwant to transfer to EasyLink™ by pressing ,

then (restore),

and finally choose your measurement file.

Press the menu button again, and then totransfer the data to the PC.

When the transfer is finished the currentmeasurement will appear in the data window inthe EasyLink™ program.

B10


Important! When transferring data to a PC,be sure that there are no reference pointsset, otherwise the EasyLink™ programcannot calculate absolute values.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 2 6 5 4 8 7

Null modem cable


B

B11Continued ➥➥➥➥➥

Start page for EasyLink™ with saved measurements tothe right (image can vary).

Note that it is only from the Start page ofEasyLink™ communication with the Display unitcan be established. The program automaticallyassigns a suitable picture, but you can change thispicture later to one of your own.

A serial cable for EasyLink™ can usually bebought from any computer store. The cable is a“null modem” cable (also known as Laplink). Theconnections of the cable must be configured as inthe picture to the right.Note! The length of the cable should not exceed 3meters.

When you start the EasyLink™-pro-gram the START WINDOW appears withall saved measurements listed to the right.You can sort these by type of measure-ment, date, time or file name by clicking atthe buttons right above the list.

Open a saved measurement by doubleclicking on it in the list.

To right-click at a measurement in thelist gives you more options (see below).

Sort list by: Back tounsorted list

Picture window

Roll-down menus

Saved measurements

View reportView graphExport to spreadsheetRename itemDelete itemAdd photoRemove photo

[Right-click at a measurement]

The Start Window

EASYLINKTM PC program for Windows

B12

Open databaseExport to spreadsheetPrint reportPrint pictureDownload from otherinstrumentExit

Copy pictureCopy value list

Options

Choose alternative databaseExport to spreadsheet(only in measurement window)(only in measurement window)

(only in measurement window)

(see next page)

HelpUpdate via internetSend Email for supportEasyLink registrationAbout

Exit Program

Download measurement datafrom instrument other thanEasy-Laser®


B

B13Continued ➥➥➥➥➥

In the Options dialog you can makesettings suitable for you.

The data base that isdisplayed when theprogram is started(default).

Settings for graphic functions forsome geometry programs.

Choose to which formatyou want to export yourmeasurement data.

Set Com-port. Only availableports can be selected.

Allows for downloading ofmeasurement data from instrumentsother than Easy-Laser®.

Warn if the measurement data beingtransmitted is at a low resolution.

Warn if references are set on themeasurement data beingtransmitted, i.e. if there are pointsset to 0.00. Then the EasyLink™program cannot calculate absolutevalues.

When having problem finding a Comport that is available a Deepscan canbe made. This means that the programtries to release Com-ports.

Set data baseto default(ell.csd).


B14 Return to Start window

Print Picture window and Data window

Copy Picture window

Rotate object (possible for 3D-graph)

The different MEASUREMENT WINDOWSare all handled similarly to each other, butin some of them some functions are notpossible, such as “Rotate object”.

Data window(Active measurement data;

updates when referencepoints are moved)

Picture window

Change picture angle (possible for 3D-graph)

Change visible scale

Example of a Measurement Window

Open databaseExport to spreadsheetPrint reportPrint pictureDownload from otherinstrumentExit

Copy pictureCopy value list

Export to spreadsheetPrint Data windowPrint Picture window

Copy picture windowCopy Data window as picture

EASYLINKTM, PC-program for Windows

B15

Copy the DATA WINDOW to other programsIn the Data window to the right the current datais shown. This window can be copied as apicture, and then pasted in to another document,e.g. Word or Excel documents.

Do like this:1. Under “Edit”, choose “Copy value list”2. Open your document3. Paste the picture in [ Ctrl+V ]

Copy the PICTURE WINDOW to other programs“Copy Picture” copies the picture in the Picturewindow, which you then can paste in to anotherdocument.

Do like this:1. Press , or under “Edit”, choose “Copy picture”2. Open your document3. Paste the picture in [ Ctrl+V ]

Example: Word document with the Picture window pasted

B



B16

Print the PICTURE WINDOW

Do this:1. Under “File”, choose “Print picture”2. Printout is done on your default printer.

Print the DATA WINDOW and thePICTURE WINDOWYou can make a printout of both the pictureand the measurement data at the same time.

Do this:1. Under “File”, choose “Print report”, or press2. Printout is done on your default printer.

Example: Printout of the Picture Window


B17

Copy the screen of the Display unit directly tothe EasyLink™ program

Do this:1. Connect the Display unit to the PC.2. Start the EasyLink™ program.3. Show the display you want to copy from theDisplay unit.4. Press to go to the Main menu.5. Press and the display is directly copied intothe EasyLink™ program, and opened in a newwindow.

B

Continued➥➥➥➥➥


B18

Exporting measurement data to spreadsheet

When exporting to MS Excel, do this (the Excel programmust be installed on your computer):1. In the Start window, first left-click once on themeasurement, then right-click it to see the pop-up menu.2. Choose “Export to spreadsheet” in the pop-up menu.3. Excel automatically starts and the data is exported to anew spreadsheet.

MEASUREMENT VALUE FILTER

1. Unstable values...

2. Press

3. Press (filter).

4. Select suitable value.

Unstable..

5. Press to return to measurement.

When measurement values areregistering, “WAIT 5” is displayed,where the number corresponds tochosen filter value and counts downto 0. NOTE! Do not interrupt thelaserbeam or move the detectorbefore countdown is complete.

B

B19

If the laser beam passes through air with varyingtemperature, this may influence the direction ofthe laser beam. If measurement values fluctuate,this could mean unstable readings. Try to reduceair movements between laser and detector by, forinstance, moving heat sources, closing doors etc.If the readings remain unstable, increase the filtertime (more samples will become available to thestatistical filter). In the Main menu, choose a filtervalue between 1 and 30. Use as short a time aspossible that still produces acceptable stabilityduring the measurement.

Filter value 0=filter not active.

Note! Settings for filter value are not saved whenthe Display unit is turned off.

Note! Filter is not available for program BTA digital.

Always ensure a good measurementenvironment.

The laser transmitters D22, D75 and D146 can beprogrammed to minimize the consumption ofelectricity, and you can choose between twomodulation frequencies to fit other systems thanEasy-Laser®.When the laser lights up, current modulation isshown with four blinks for 32 kHz and five blinks for5 kHz.Default settings for Easy-Laser® are 32 kHzmodulation and no Auto-Off.

ProgrammingA. Turn the laser on by pressing the ON-button.

B. Press and hold the ON-button at the same time as youpress the OFF-button the number of times correspondingto the list below:

0 (just press ON) Restarts Auto-Off (if enabled)1 Disables Auto-Off2 Auto-Off after 30 minutes3 Auto-Off after 60 minutes4 Sets the modulation frequency to 32 kHz5 Sets the modulation frequency to 5 kHz6 Disables modulation

C. When you release the ON-button the laser transmitterconfirms selected function with one to six blinksaccording to the list above.

PROGRAMMING OF THE LASERS

Laser D75

Swivelling laser D22

B20

Spindle laser D146

CPrograms

C. The measurement programsIntroduction to shaft alignment .............................. C2Mounting the measuring units .............................. C3Rough alignment ................................................ C4Shaft alignment: enter the distances ..................... C5Program 11, Horizontal ....................................... C6

Measurement result for horizontal machines ........ C8Tolerance Check ................................................ C9Thermal Growth Compensation ........................ C10Program 12, Easy-TurnTM. ............................... C12Program 13, Softfoot ......................................... C15Program 14, Cardan ........................................ C16Program 15, Vertical ......................................... C20Program 16, Offset and Angle ........................... C22Program 17, Values .......................................... C24Program 18, Machine train ............................... C26Program 19, Vibrometer ................................... C31Program 21, Spindle ........................................ C36Program 22, Straightness ................................. C39Program 23, Center of Circle ............................ C42Program 24, Flatness ....................................... C46Program 25, Plumbline ..................................... C49Program 26, Squareness ................................. C53Program 27, Parallelism .................................... C55Program 28, Flange ......................................... C58Introduction to sheave alignment ....................... C60Program 29, BTA Digital .................................... C61Program 31, Half Circle .................................... C67Program 34, Straightness Plus .......................... C71Program 35, Center of Circle Plus ..................... C74Program 36, Half Circle Plus ............................. C78Program 38, Parallelism Plus ............................ C82

Misaligned machines cause:Bearing failure, shaft failure, seal failure, couplingwear, overheating, energy loss, high vibration etc.

Shaft alignment means adjustment of therelative position of two coupled machines, e.g. amotor and pump, so that the centre line of the axiswill be concentric when the machines are runningduring normal working conditions.

Measuring with Easy-Laser® shaft alignmentsystems means that the system registersmeasurement values in three positions viameasuring units mounted on each shaft. Thesystem calculates and displays the offset value atthe coupling, the angular value and theadjustment values for the machine feet on themovable (M) machine.

INTRODUCTION TO SHAFT ALIGNMENT

Adjustment value (V)

Procedure

- Safety precautions. Be sure that the machinesyou are working at cannot be startedunintentionally.

- Mount the measurement equipment.

- Select the desired program, then follow theinstructions.

- Measure and specify the distances betweenmeasuring units, machine feet and coupling.

- Do the measurement.

- If neccessary, adjust the machines.

- Document the measurement result.

Movable machine (M)Stationary machine (S)

C2

S MOffset value

Angular value

Important!S-unit on stationary machine.M-unit on movable machine.

Face the stationary machine (S) from the movable machine (M) .

Then 9 o’clock is to the left as shown on the picture.

The cables can be connected toany of the two connectors on themeasuring unit/detector.

MOUNTING THE MEASURING UNITS

C

C3

When you are doing a shaftalignment the measuring units canbe mounted with a lot of differentbrackets. For more examples, seethe page “shaft brackets”.

The units mounted with standard shaft brackets.Labels facing away from coupling.

M

S

ROUGH ALIGNMENT

When turning the shafts with measuring unitsmounted, the laserbeams will project arcs, wherethe centres will coincide with the centres of theshafts. During the turning the laser beams willmove on the detector surfaces. When thealignment is poor the beams may travel outsidethe detectors. If this happens you will have to do arough alignment first.Preparation: mount the equipment, specify thedistances.

Rough alignment procedure1. Turn shafts with measuring units to the 9 o’clockposition. Aim the laserbeams at the centre of the closedtargets.2. Turn shafts with measuring units to the 3 o’clockposition.3. Check where the laser hits, then adjust the beam halfthe travel in direction to the centre of the target (seepicture below).4. Adjust the movable machine so that the laserbeamhits the centres of both the targets.5. Open the targets before the measurement. Done.

The laser hits outside the detector.

Adjust the movable machine sothat the lasers hit the centres.

Adjust half the travel.

The arc described by thelaserbeam from theM-unit during turning.

Position 9 Position 3

(Only S-unit shown)

C4

Type the distances in byusing the numericalkeys.

Confirm each distancewith

[ Redo with ]

SHAFT ALIGNMENT: entering the distances

When you select a shaft alignment program the sys-tem asks for the distances between measuring units,coupling and feet. Enter the distances according tothe pictures below. The system can handle distancesbetween 1 and 32000 mm (1260 Inch).

S-M=distance between measuring units.

S-F1=distance between stationary detector (S) and feetpair 1 (F1).(To enter a negative [S-F1] value, first press for minus sign,then enter the value.)

S-C=distance between S and Center of coupling (if the coupling isin the middle between the measuring units, just press “Enter”. Ifnot, enter the right value).

S-F2=distance between S and F2 (must be longer than S-F1).

[S-F2]=if the machine has three pairs of feet, you can add thisdistance after finished measurement, and let the systemcalculate a new shimming and adjustment value for this pair offeet (see page C7).

Type the distances inwith the numerical keys.

Confirm eachdistance with

[ Redo ]

Vertical program:

Horizontal program:

S - CS - M

S - F1S - F2

S - C

S - M

C

C5

Diameter

[S - F2]

3. Turn shafts to the12 o’clock position.Record second value.

Confirm

[ Redo ]

4. Turn shafts to the3 o’clock position.Record last value.

Confirm

1. Enter the distances, asprompted by the system.

Confirm each distance with

[ Redo with ]

(11) HORIZONTAL: shaft alignment with positions 9, 12, 3

With the Horizontal program you read values at the 9, 12 and 3 o’clock positions. That is, you turnthe shafts a total of 180°. Measurement procedure: mount the equipment, start the Horizontal program,enter the distances, if neccessary make a rough alignment, start the measurement.NOTE! Check in each position (9, 12, 3) that the laser beams hit the detectors.

The mark blinks to showwhere the measuringunits are to be positioned.

2. 9 o’clock. Turn the measuringunits/shafts according to the vialsinto the 9 o’clock position. Adjustthe lasers. Open the targets.Record the first measurementvalue.

Confirm

[ Redo ]

S- and M-unit value

C6

(11) HORIZONTAL: shaft alignment with positions 9-12-3


C

C7

An indicator for measurement direction ( ) inthe middle of the display shows that the measuringunits now have to be in the 3 o’clock position. Thehorizontal values now updates continuously (live),indicated by filled foot symbols.Button changes between Horizontal andVertical live values. The indicator for measurementdirection shows in which position the measuringunits have to be placed (3 or 12 o’clock) and filledfoot symbols shows which direction is displayinglive values.

5. The result is displayed. Horizontal and verticalpositions for the movable machine are shown bothdigitally and graphically.

See page C8, “Result for Horizontal machine” fordetailed information of the result display.

[ By pressing when the measurement values aredisplayed, a new S-F2 distance can be entered for a thirdpair of feet. New F2-values (adjustment and shimming) willbe calculated for this pair of feet and displayed. ]

[ Press to do a new measurement from the 9o’clock position ]

[ Press to select tolerance checked displaying of themeasurement result. See page C9. ]

[ Press to set values for Thermal growthcompensation. See page C10.]

Horizontal valuesupdates continuously.

Vertical values updatescontinuously.

MEASUREMENT RESULT FOR HORIZONTAL MACHINE

C8

The result from a measurement of a horizontalmachine displays the position of the movablemachine, and how to shim and adjust to align themachine. (Note! The indicator for measurementdirection works differently for the Horizontal andthe EasyTurn™ program. See below*.)

1. Read the values and decide if the machine needs tobe aligned. If so:2. Shim according to the vertical adjustment values.3. Adjust sideways according to the horizontal values.

Vertical:Offset valueAngular valueAdjustment values

Horizontal:Offset valueAngular valueAdjustment values

F1F2

F1 F2

*Indicator for measurement direction,that in the EasyTurn™ programshows the real position of the units.Note! In the Horizontal programthe indicator shows how the unitshave to be positioned for live values.

The foot symbols are filled for that direction (horizontal orvertical) in which the measurement values are updated live.Note! Be sure that the units are positioned in the rightdirection (3 or 12 o’clock).

Face the stationary machine (S)from the movable machine (M).9 o’clock then is to the left,as shown at the picture.

Movablemachine

MEASUREMENT RESULT WITH TOLERANCE CHECK

C

C9

The measurement result can be checkedtowards tolerance value table. This is based onthe speed of the machine. When the alignment iswithin tolerance, the left part of the coupling symbol isfilled. This also works live. The coupling symbols forhorizontal and vertical offset and angle is filledindependently of each other. This clearly displayswhich values are within tolerance, making it easy toadjust the others.Note! There is a Speed Range ”User”. Here youcan define your own setting. This setting will onlyremain during this measurement, and will be clearedif you start a new measurement, or turn the Displayunit off.

1. The result is displayed.Press to selecttolerance checkeddisplaying.

2. Select Speed range.No tolerance values are displayed from thestart (the function is disabled every time themeasurement system is started).

Press or to select speedrange. The tolerances is displayed at thesame time.

Confirm Speed range

3. The result is displayed withfilled coupling for values whichare within tolerance.

(In the example above the angularvalues are within tolerance, but theoffset is too large.)

Speed 0–1000 rpm

Offset3,5 mils

mm

Angularerror

mils/inch

mm/100mm

2,8 2,0 1,2 0,4

0,09 0,07 0,05 0,03 0,01

0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3 0,1

0,09 0,07 0,05 0,03 0,01

1000–2000 2000–3000 3000–4000 4000–

Tolerance table with maximum values for offset and angle,towards which the actual values are checked.

MEASUREMENT RESULT: thermal growth compensation

1. Enter the direction for the horizontal offset:

Press to go to the first question.

Toggle Between with

Confirm choice with

[ Redo ]

Procedure for setting thermal growth values:1. At the display, show the result for the coupling you wantto set compensation value for.2. First enter the direction for the Horizontal offset, then thevalue.3. Horizontal angle; direction and value.4. Vertical offset; direction and value.5. Vertical angle; direction and value.6. Go back to result display, now it is compensated forthermal growth.

Special notes for Machine Train Program:NOTE1! When using the Machine Train Program, note thatit is the machine “to the right” at each coupling you entervalues for. Select coupling by pressing and .

Go to the next coupling you want to set compensationvalues for and repeat steps 2–6 above.NOTE2! Works both at graph and digital display.NOTE3! You can also enter the values directly after themeasurement of each coupling.

2. Enter the value for horizontal offset:

Type the value with the numerical buttons.

Confirm value with

[ Back to step 1 ]

Example:Entering compensation valuesfor coupling A. (If you areworking with Machine TrainProgram it will indicate B, Cetc here.)

Compensation for thermal growthYou enter specified values (from the manufacturer ofthe machines) for offset and and angular deviationcaused by thermal growth. The system compensatesfor these and recalculates the foot values to trueadjustment values. This function works with programsHorizontal, EasyTurn™ and Machine Train. Read moreabout thermal growth at page E9.

C10

MEASUREMENT RESULT: thermal growth compensation

5. Enter the direction and value for vertical offsetaccording to steps 1 and 2.

3. Enter the direction for horizontal angle:

Toggle between with

Confirm choice with

[ Back to step 1 ]

4. Enter value for horizontal angle:

Type the value with the number buttons.

Confirm value with

[ Back to step 1 ]

6. Enter direction and value for vertical angleaccording to steps 3 and 4.

7. The program returns to measurement value display,now with compensation for thermal growth.If wanted, go to the next coupling (display the result for thecoupling) and enter compensation values for this accordingto steps 1–6.(The compensation values are shown at the print out.)

[ At a compensated coupling, press to change values.By confirming no value the compensation will be reset. ]

C11

3, ready !

With the EasyTurnTM program shaft alignmentis possible even if machine parts or pipinginterfere with 180° of shaft rotation. The smallestangle needed between measurement points is20°.Note! For this program the measuring units S, Mmust have built-in inclinometers.Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,start the EasyTurnTM program, enter the distances,if necessary do a rough alignment, start themeasurement.

Built-in electronic inclinometers detect theangular position of the units. The angles aredisplayed as hands on a clock (angular marks). Ifmachines are severly misaligned, the beam fromthe M-unit may not strike the S-unit detectorsurface. The second and third positions of the M-unit are therefore dependent on the laserbeamfrom the S-unit.

The EasyTurnTM program permits shaft alignment evenwhen you cannot turn the shafts with measuring unitsto the 9, 12 and 3 o’clock positions.

1

2

3, ready !

(12) EASY-TURNTM: horizontal shaft alignment

C12



C

C13

3. Second reading. Turn theshafts at least 20o in anydirection (displayed as smallmarks on the circle). If the shaftsare uncoupled; first turn theshaft with the S-unit, then closethe target at the M-unit, turn theshaft with the M-unit so that theS-laser hits the target.Open the target.

Confirm

[Show/hide M-angle mark with

[ Redo first value ]

4. Third reading. Similar tosecond reading. Turn shaftsbeyond the 20o mark.

Confirm

S angle mark

20o mark



[ Redo with ]

2. Place the measuring unitsso that the marks are on top ofeach other (or almost on top).Adjust the laserbeams to theclosed targets.Open the targets.Record the first measurementvalue.

Confirm

[ Back ]

S and M unit marks

S- and M-unit values


C14

The foot symbols are filled for the horizontalor vertical values when the measuring unitsare positioned 3, 6, 9 or 12 o’clock (+2o). Thenthe values are updated continuously in eachdirection. The indicator for measurementdirection ( ) in the middle of the displayshows the actual position of the units.

5. The measurement result is displayed. TheHorizontal and vertical positions for the movable machineare displayed both digitally and graphically.

See page C8, “Result for Horizontal machine” fordetailed information of the result display.

[ By pressing a new S-F2 distance can be typed in.A new F2-value will then be calculated and dislayed. ]

[ Press to do a new measurement from firstposition “9” ]

[ Press to select tolerance checked displaying of themeasurement result. See page C9. ]

[ Press to set values for Thermal growthcompensation. See page C10. ]

Horizontal valuesupdates continuously.

Vertical values updatescontinuously.

(13) SOFTFOOT

C

C15

Before you begin a shaft alignment you should do a softfootcheck. Previous shimming or a twisted machine bed may cause themachine to rest unevenly on the feet (=softfoot). The result from thismeasurement program displays the difference between tightenedand loosened bolt. You can go from softfoot check directly to theHorizontal or EasyTurn™ shaft alignment program and keep theentered machine distances.Procedure: Tighten all bolts, mount the measure-ment equipment,start the softfoot program, enter the distances, start the measurement.Note! the ”Store” function can not be used in this program.

1. Enter the distanceswhen prompted on thedisplay.

Confirm

[ Redo ]

2. Turn to position 12.Adjust the beams.Open the targets.

Confirm

[ Back ]

3. Release and tighten first bolt.

Confirm

Redo step 3 for each of the otherfeet (foot 2-4).

[ If desired, zero set with ]

[ Back ]

Shimming is requiredwhere large

variations appear.

4. The result for all feetare displayed.Shim the foot/feet with thehighest value.

[ Remeasure ]

[ To go directly toalignment, and keep theentered distances,press ]

1. Mount the fixture arm with magnets on the shaft endof the stationary machine (if needed, use extension armto compensate for the whole offset).

The Cardan program is used when aligningoffset mounted machines. The procedure isshown step-by-step.

2. Mount the measuring unit S on the fixture arm.Attach the large target to the measuring unit.

Compensating for the offset.

When there are threads at the end of the“movable” shaft, mount guiding pins on theturnable magnet bracket. The guiding pincentres the bracket and permits turning whenindexing. Attach the measuring units to thefixtures using the central M6-threads.NOTE! When the distance between movable (M)and stationary (S) fixture/unit is short (<300 mm),it might happen that the adjustment range in themeasuring units will not get the beam to hit withinthe detector. Then use the M6-thread back at theunit that centres with the laser beam apertureinstead.

Guiding pins

3 magnets

Handle for turning

S

(14) CARDAN

C16

(14) CARDAN

3. Mount the turnable magnet fixture on the end ofthe shaft of the movable machine. Mount the measuringunit M on the fixture.


C

C17

M

4. Connect the S- and M-unit to the display unit andstart the Cardan program.

5. Adjust the M-laser beam, see fig. C1 to the right.Attach a large target on the unit.

6. Adjust the fixture arm so the center ofthe target is hit by the M-laser.

Fig C1. Turn the unit so oneof the vials is levelled.Adjust the beam to the centreof the opposite target (A).Turn the unit half a turn (beamhits B).Adjust the beam to the centreof rotation (C).

7. Adjust the S-laser, see fig. C1.

8. Roughly align the movable machine. NOTE! Finaladjustment of the fixture arm may be needed. Removethe large targets.

S MS M

10. Face the stationary machine from themovable machine. Turn both measuring units toposition 9 (S and M-labels to the left). Adjust thebeam to the centre of the closed targets. Openthe targets. Record the first value.

Confirm [ Redo ]

11. Record the secondvalue in position 12.(Labels upwards.)

Confirm

[ Redo ]

12. Record the third value inposition 3. (Labels to the right.)

Confirm

(14) CARDAN

C18

9. Measure and enter the distances.


[ Redo ]

(14) CARDAN

13. The result is displayed.When parallel adjustment is not needed, only one end ofthe machine should be adjusted, therefore the other pairof feet is set to zero.[ Pressing will toggle the LIVE display between thehorizontal and vertical direction (Measuring units mustbe in position 3 or 12). ]

[ Press to restart a measurement from position 9. ]C

C19

Explanation of the measurement result

(15) VERTICAL: vertical- and flange mounted machines

The Vertical program is used for themeasurement of vertical and flange mountedmachines. Position the measuring units andrecord the values at positions 9, 12 and 3.The 9 o’clock position is selected at any bolt.Rotate the measuring units a total of 180°.

3. Enter the diameter betweenthe bolts.

Confirm

[ Back ]


Confirm each distance

[ Redo with ]

2. Enter the number of bolts.(4, 6 or 8)

Confirm

[ Back ]

4. Place the units in position 9(Bolt 1), record the value.

Confirm

[ Back ]

5. Place the units in position 12.Record the value.

Confirm

[ Back ]

6. Place the units in position 3.Record the value.

Confirm

Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,start the Vertical program, enter the distances,number of bolts and the diameter, start themeasurement.

C20

7. The result is displayed.Offset and angular error in two directions (9-3 or 6-12)for the movable machine are shown both digitally andgraphically. If the machine is adjusted, a newmeasurement is needed to get all the values updated.

Adjust sideways according to the offset value(continuously updated).The direction depends on the position of the measuringunits; 3 or 12.

[ Toggle LIVE with ]

[ To enter new distances, press ]

[ Press to restart measurement from position 9 ]

8. The shim values are shown by pressing .The “highest” bolt is displayed as 0.00.

Shim according to the shim values.

[ Press to restart measurement from position 9 ]

[ Back to offset and angular error (step 7) ]

(15) VERTICAL: vertical- and flange mounted machines

View from position6, measuringunits inposition 3.

View from position 3,measuring units inposition 12.

C

C21

Absolute valuesHalve the valuesSend to serial port (continuously)

(16) OFFSET AND ANGLE

The Offset And Angle program continuouslydisplays measurement values from two measuringunits S and M. The measurement values can bezeroed and any offset and angular changes betweenthe units that may occur are displayed. If you areusing two-axis measuring units you will get both hori-zontal and vertical values at the same time. The pro-gram is intended for dynamic measurements.

2. Enter the distance S - M.

Confirm

Adjust the beams.

Open the targets.

3. The measurement values are shown.

Zero the values by pressing

Distance S - M

Stat

iona

ry re

fere

nce

Mov

able

obj

ect

1. Mount the measuring units.Close the targets.

C22

Section to which theoffset value relates.

(This example shows bothhorizontal and vertical values,which means that a two-axismeasuring unit is used.

(16) OFFSET AND ANGLE

Explanation of movementsHorizontal and vertical angle changes andoffset for the movable object.

Example of measurement values

C

C23

Stationary (S) Movable (M)

Distance S-M: 1000 mm

+ angle - angle

Zero actualAbsolute valuesHalveSend to serial port (continuously)Large figures / small figures

Last unit

Next unit

Confirm

Clear display

H-value on/off

(17) VALUES

The Values program continuously displaysmeasurement values from one detector (of up tofour connected). The detector can be the D5, D6,D157 or measuring unit S or M. The laser trans-mitter can be another measuring unit or a lasertransmitter from the Easy-Laser® assortment.With series connection of detectors/measuringunits these will be numbered by the system soft-

1. The measurement values are displayedimmediately when starting the program.The example shows both vertical and horizontal valuesfrom the M-unit. This can be done with two-axis units.

M-unit Vertical

M-unit Horizontal

The angle of the unit with0o in the start position.

Registeredmeasurement values

The number ofconnected units

Actual unit

Angle

C24

ware so that the one with the lowest serial number(counted on the three last figures) will be 1, thenext higher serial number will be 2, and so on.Therefore you should connect the units in thisorder to avoid misunderstanding of which unit youare reading.Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,start the Values program, start the measurement.NOTE! The “Store” function cannot be used withthis program.

(17) VALUES

MH +

MV +

R +

H +

V +

R +

Detector D5 (seen from behind)

Measuring unit M (seen from behind)

C

C25

Explanation of the measurement values ( + , - )

The example shows how four detectors areseries connected and placed (shown withoutfixtures on the picture) to detect how e.g. a motorand a gearbox move relative to each other, forexample depending on thermal growth. Eachdetector can be zeroed individually.

Dynamic measurement

(18) MACHINE TRAIN

C26

With the Machine train program up to tencoupled or uncoupled machines in a row (ninecouplings) can be measured. The EasyTurn™function is used, which allows for a completemeasurement with only 40° turn of the shafts. Thedisplay shows live values both digitally andgraphically, which makes the alignment easy. Note!The measuring units S, M must have built-ininclinometers.

FeetlockThe program has Reflock function which meansthat any two pairs of feet in the machine train can beused as stationary reference, e.g. pair 1 and 10 or 3and 4 (see fig.). The program is also suitable formeasurement of two machines, e.g. a motor and apump. You can choose which machine you want touse as stationary by changing references in the pro-gram.

Compensation for thermal growthYou enter specified values (from the manufacturerof the machines) for offset and and angular devia-tion caused by thermal growth. The systemcompensates for these and recalculates the footvalues to true adjustment values.

(18) MACHINE TRAIN

C

C27


NoteDuring the measurement, the S-unit must always bemounted on the left machine (see fig).

Explanation of signsOn the display these signs are displayed:A, B, C, ....=the order and name of the couplings.H=horizontallyV=verticallyS=stationaryM=movableL=liveRef.=referenceAng.=angleOff.=offset1, 2, 3, ....=the order of the feet pair.

S

S

S

S

A

B

C

D

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Measurement procedure (briefly)1. Mount the measuring units at the first coupling (A).2. Enter the distances according to the display.3. Record the values at the first coupling.4. Move the measuring units to the following couplings (B, C and D if four couplingsare to be aligned), enter the distances and record the values.5. If wanted, enter values for thermal growth compensation.6. Enter which pair of feet that are to be references (by default the feet of the firstmachine, 1 and 2, are set to reference).7. Document the measurement result.

M

M

M

M

(18) MACHINE TRAIN

C28

1. Enter the distances, asprompted by the program.


[ Back ]

3. Second value. Turn shafts aminimum of 20° in any direction(shown as small angular marks atthe circle). For uncoupled shafts;first turn the shaft with the S-unit,close the target on the M-unit, thenturn the shaft with the M-unit sothat the S-laser hits the target.Open the target.

Confirm with

[Show/hide M-angular marker ]

[Redo first value ]

4. Third value. As secondvalue. Turn units beyond 20°markings.

Confirm with

S unit marker

Angular mark

2. Place the measuring unitsso that the unit markers are ontop of each other (or almost ontop). Adjust the laser beams tothe targets.Open the targets.Record the first value.

Confirm value with

[ Back ]

S and M measuring unit marker

S and M unit value

(18) MACHINE TRAIN

C

C29


5. The result for coupling A is shown. Horizontal andvertical position, and angle and offset for the machinesare displayed digitally. As default pair of feet 1 and 2 areset as stationary references.

Press to continue the measurement at coupling B.

(See step 11 for graph display.)(See step 12 for reference setting.)(See page C10 for thermal growth compensation.)(See page “Measurement result” for adjustment of themachine.)

6. Enter the distances forcoupling B, as prompted by theprogram.


[ Back ]

(Note! The program alreadyknows the distance 3–4.)

7. Place the units so that themarkers are on top of each other(or almost on top). Adjust thelaser beams to the targets.Open the targets.Record the first value.

Confirm with

[ Back ]

8. Second value.

Confirm with

[ Redo first value ]

9. Third value. As secondvalue. Turn units beyond 20°markings.

Confirm with

(18) MACHINE TRAIN

C30

The result is displayed.Horizontal values areshown in “Live”. Thismeans that the measuringunits are in position 9 or 3.

10. The result for coupling B is displayed. Horizontaland vertical position, and angle and offset for themachines are displayed digitally.

Press to continue the measurement at coupling C(and after that D when the result for C is displayed),then follow the procedure according to steps 6–9.

[ It says “LIVE” at either the horizontal or the verticalvalues when you turn the shafts with measuring units topositions according to 3, 6, 9 or 12 o’clock (+2°).Then the value updates continuously in each direction. ]

[ Change which coupling result is displayed by pressing

or ]

[ Press to set values for Thermal growthcompensation. See page C10.]

11. Graph display of the result:

Toggle between graph/digital display of the values

Example:Feet pair 7Feet pair 8Coupling D

12. Change references:

Press to set new references. Enter the figures ofthe feet that are to be references. Confirm each with

(NOTE! Works both at graph and digital display.)

Window for reference setting. Feet pair 1 and 10 asreferences.

H=Horizontal values

V=Vertical values

(19) VIBROMETER

C

C31


GeneralEasy-Laser® Vibrometer can be used in preven-tive as well as active maintenance work on rotat-ing machinery. Easy-Laser® Vibrometer is meas-uring the effective velocity (mm/s or inch/s RMS)in the frequency range between 10 and 3200 Hz(alt. 2–3200). This range covers most of the fre-quencies that will occur for the majority of me-chanical malfunctions and imperfections, for ex-ample unbalance and misalignment. The judge-ment of the measured leveIs is greatly supportedby several vibration standards. A comparison be-tween vibration levels and actual wear being per-formed on the machinery will quickly build up aknowledge of the machine, and which type ofaction is required when higher vibrations are found.A common standard for judgement of vibrations isISO 10816-3. This standard is an upgrade of olderstandards that has been in use for several dec-ades and has a world wide acceptance as a goodjudgement for continuos and long lasting opera-tion of machinery. (For tooling machines, usestandard ISO 10816-1.)

1. The display shows Vibration Level(mm/s [inch/s]) and Bearing condition value (g) atthe same time. (For interpretation of the values, seethe following pages.)

The current frequency range is indicated.

Press to toggle frequency range between10–3200 Hz (Hp) and 2–3200 Hz (Lp).

Pressing will exit the program back to ProgramMenu.

[ Store measurement value: see page B4 ]

Hp

(19) VIBROMETER

C32

How to make good measurements.Place the transducer (the probe) firmly against the measurementpoint. The sensitivity direction of the transducer coincides with thecentre axis of the transducer. The main purpose is to make thecomplete transducer to fully participate in the motion of the meas-urement point. Try to hold the probe as vertical, horizontal or axialas possible, even if the machine surface does not have thesedirections.

Note! When using the magnet or the measuring tip the bearingcondition value can be substantially changed. Use the M6 stud onthe transducer for high frequency measurements, and mount theprobe directly to the machine.

When the transducer is mounted with the magnet the frequencyrange of the measurement is reduced to about 2000 to 3000Hzdepending on the flatness of the measuring surface.When the measuring tip is used the frequency range is reduced toabout 800 to 1500Hz.Vibrations at high frequencies can sometimes cause measurementproblems. Pressing the transducer mora firmly should not changethe reading. If in doubt, always try to adjust the contact point first.Secondly, if shown to be necessary, mount the transducer with theM6 stud.

All normal measurements on vertical or horizontal machineryshould follow the three perpendicular axis of true vertical, horizon-tal and axial directions. The reason is that you should keep to themain stiffness directions caused by normal non symmetrical proper-ties of the foundation, piping, supports etc. It will result in betterunderstanding if the basic measurements are made in this way.

Placing the measuring points. The measurementsshould be made as close as possible to the bearingand only horizontal (A), vertical (B) or axial (C).

A

B

C

(19) VIBROMETER: vibration level

C

C33


Small vibrations. None or very small bearing wear. Rather low noise level.0 – 3 mm/s

3 – 7 mm/s

7 – 18 mm/s

> 18 mm/sVery large vibrations and high noise levels. This is detrimental to the safe operationof the machine. Stop operation if technically or economically possible consideringthe plant stop cost. No known machine will withstand this level without internal orexternal damage.

Large vibrations. Bearings running hot. Bearing wear-out cause frequentreplacements. Seals wear out, leakage of all kinds evident. Cracks in weldings andconcrete foundations. Screws and bolts are loosening. High noise level. Plan actionsoonest. Do your best to reveal the reason.

Noticeable vibration levels often concentrated to some specific part as well as di-rection of the machine. Noticeable bearing wear. Seal problems occur in pumpsetc. Increased noise level. Try to investigate the reason. Plan action during nextregular stop. Keep the machine under observation and measure at smaller timeintervals than before to detect a deterioration trend if any. Compare vibrations toother operating variables.

Recommended vibration levels in mm/s and common findings.This simplified list can be used, as a first consideration, when you approach a machine newly commis-sioned or after some time in operation. Take as a good housekeeping rule to investigate the reason forany machine that vibrates above 3 mm/s [0.12 inch/s] RMS. Do not leave them above 7mm/s [0.27 inch/s]without being assured that they will sustain long term operation without increased wear.

0 – 0.12inch/s

0.12 – 0.27 inch/s

0.27 – 0.71 inch/s

> 0.71 inch/s

(19) VIBROMETER: bearing condition value (g)

C34

What is a bearing condition value?The bearing condition value is the sum averagevalue, RMS value, of all high frequency vibrationsbetween 3200 Hz to 20000 Hz. This value is anacceleration average with the unit “g” becausehigh frequencies give a large signal if it is meas-ured in acceleration. When the balls or rollersrotate inside the bearing a wide-band noise andvibration arises. This noise and vibration are in-creased if the bearing is poorly lubricated, over-loaded due to misalignment or has a damagedsurface.Because this is a wide-band noise and vibration itis possible to select any frequency or frequencyband as a measurement of bearing condition.If the selected frequency band includes low fre-quencies the bearing condition value would alsoinclude vibrations from unbalances, misalign-ment, etc., and not purely from bearing vibrationsand would therefor be difficult to interpret.If the selected frequency band only includes veryhigh frequency noise and vibrations we wouldneed special vibration transducers that are veryrigidly and closely mounted to the bearing be-cause the machine structure works as a mechani-cal filter for high frequencies.High bearing condition values can appear at gear

boxes, converting machines with cutters and simi-lar machines without any bearing faults becausethey “naturally” produce frequencies above 3200 Hz.

NOTE! A high bearing condition value shouldalways be used as a request to make frequencyanalysis, for example with Easy-Viber™. Do notchange bearings before this is done.

(19) VIBROMETER: bearing condition value (g)

C

C35

The bearing condition value is RMS value of all high frequency vibrations in the range of 3.200 Hz to20.000 Hz. This average has the unit “g” (=acceleration due to gravity).

Note! The diagram below is only a guide to interpret the bearing condition value.

Failing

Good

AcceptableFair

Replace

(g)

Speed(RPM)

For spindle alignment you can use the D146,the D22 or S-unit as transmitter mounted in thespindle. The detector is placed at the part of themachine that can be moved along the workingarea of the machine. It can be a D5 detector or aM-unit.Procedure: mount the laser in the spindle and thedetector on a magnet base, start the Spindleprogram, enter the distances between first andsecond position, if neccessary rough align thelaser, start the measurement.

Laser D146 can be used during rotating spindlemeasurement. This eliminates eventual statichang down of the spindle. You run the machine at500–2000 rpm. When the Spindle programprompts you, record value 1 and 2 at eachquestion. Then move the detector to pos. 2 andregister measurement values 3 and 4.

NOTE! It is only the D146 that can be used tomeasure during rotation.

(21) SPINDLE

C36

(21) SPINDLE

C

C37Continued ➥➥➥➥➥

4. Move the detector the entereddistance, then record the thirdmeasurement value at the secondposition of the detector.

Confirm

[ 2-axis detector:H-value on/off with ][ Back ]

5. Rotate the spindle 180°. Recordthe fourth measurement value at po-sition 2 of the detector.

Confirm

6. The measurement result isdisplayed.

[Back ][Remeasure from position 1 ]

2. Record the first value at position 1.

Confirm

[ 2-axis detector:H-value on/off with ][ Back ]

1. Enter the distancesbetween position 1 and 2.

Confirm

3. Rotate the spindle 180°.Record the second value atposition 1.

Confirm

The symbol indicates that the spindle+laser mustbe rotated 180° before recording the value.

Horizontal pointing direction

Vertical pointing direction

The result displays the pointing direction and avalue in mm/meter (mils/inch). Horizontal valueonly when the H-value has been displayedwhen registering the fourth value.

Horizontal value with 1-axis detector willneed this to be placed in the 90° posi-tion with the label to the right.

(21) SPINDLE

C38

(22) STRAIGHTNESS

C

C39

2. Are the points evenly placedon the object?Yes or No?

Toggle between No / Yes with

Confirm choice with

Straightness program. Prepare for themeasurement by marking the desiredmeasurement points. The program can handle upto 150 measurement points with two zero points.Aim the laser according to measurement principleon page E15.

Use laser transmitter D22, D23 or D75 anddetector D5, D6 or D157 with suitable fixturesdepending on application.For straightness measurement you can also useS- and M-unit (see page D5).

1. Enter the number ofmeasurement points(2–150).

Confirm

[ Redo ]

3. Enter the distances.If evenly placed points, just enterthis distance and confirm

If different distances, enter eachdistance and confirm each

Continued➥➥➥➥➥

Note: Also see programStraightnessPlus(34), page C71.

4. Place the detector at the assignedpoint, then record the value.

Confirm

[ Zero value ](only at measurement point 1)

[ Show / Hide H-value with ]NOTE! If the H-value is not displayedwhen registering the last measurementvalue this cannot be displayed again.

[ Show absolute value ]

[ Half the value ]

[ Back ]

Next: move the detector to thefollowing points and register thevalues.

5. The result can be displayed as a graph oras a table.The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal(H) measurement values. Measurement point 1is at the left. The biggest deviation from zerosets the scale to one of three possible. Thesmallest and largest measurement values aredisplayed as Min. and Max.

[ Back to registration of the last point ](only possible before pressing another button).

[ Shift to previous page ](only possible after pressing another button).

[ Shift to next page ]

[ Toggle between table and graph ]

[ Toggle V / H at graph display ]

[ New measurement from point 1 ]

(22) STRAIGHTNESS

C40

(22) STRAIGHTNESS

C

C41

Selecting reference points.Two of the measurement points can beselected as reference points, which will setthem to zero. The values of the rest of themeasurement points will then be recalculated.Selecting the same measurement point asref.1 and ref.2 will give one zero point. Newreference points can be set on a previouslystored measurement.

[ Select ref. points ]

[ Restore ref. points ]

Printout from Straightness program.

2

Straightness measurement with the horizontal plane as reference.

If the laser is levelled according to its vials and only one reference point isselected, then the graph will display the points of the object relative tothe horizontal plane.

The Center of circle program is used forstraightness measurement of bores e.g. bearingjournals when the diameters vary.Best performance when using the Lineboresystem, but lasers D75/D22 and detectors D5/D157 can also be used with suitable fixtures.

(23) CENTER OF CIRCLE

C42

Note: Also see programCenter Of CirclePlus(35), page C74.



C

C43

1. Adjust the angle of the laserbeam to closed target inbearing journal with the detector in the furthest position.

2. Place the detector in pos.6 in the bearing journalclosest to the laser and zero the value at the display unit.

3. Turn the detector to pos.12 and halve the value at thedisplay unit. Move the laser parallel within 0.5 mm[20 mils] in the vertical and horizontal direction.

4. Move the detector to the bearing journal furthest awayfrom the laser and adjust the angle of the laser within0.5 mm [20 mils] in the vertical and horizontal direction.

Note!Adjustment of the center point and pointingdirection of the laserbeam before measurement. 1

2

3

4


C44

5. Turn the detector 180o.Record second value in position 12.

Confirm

Move the detector to the followingmeasurement points and record thevalues similar to steps 4 and 5 again.

[Back ]

4. Place the detector on the assigned point,record first measurement value in position 6.

Confirm value

[ Show / Hide H-value with ]NOTE! If the H-value is not displayed when registeringthe last value it cannot be displayed again.

[Back ]

R 180.1

2. Are the points evenly placedon the object? Yes or No?


Confirm choice with

1. Enter the number ofmeasurement points (2–150).

Confirm

[ Redo ]




C

C45

6. The result can be displayed either as atable or as a graph.The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal(H) measurement values. Measurement point 1is to the left. The biggest deviation from zerosets the scale to one of three possible. Thesmallest and largest measurement values aredisplayed as Min and Max.

[ Back to registration of the last point ](only possible before pressing another button)

[ Shift to previous page ](only possible after pressing another button)



[ Toggle V / H at graph display ]


Selecting reference points.Two of the measurement points can beselected as reference points, which will setthem to zero. The values of the rest of themeasurement points will then be recalculated.Selecting the same measurement point asref.1 and ref.2 will give one zero point. Newreference points can be set on a previousstored measurement.


[ Restore ref. points ]

When the detector is pointing atthe laser, movement of thedetector to the right will givepositive H-values and liftingupwards positive V-values.Rotation anticlockwise around ahorizontal axis will give positiveangle values.

Values V+

R+

H+

Program for flatness measurement,where the measurement points are to beplaced in a coordinate system. Up to 300measurement points can be handled.The measurement values can berecalculated so that three of thembecome zero references.Procedure: Plan the measurement andmark the points where the detector willbe placed. Level the laser within 0.5 mm[20 mils] in both X- and Y-direction. Startthe Flatness program.Use laser D22 with detector D5 or M-unit,or use laser D23 with D6 detector.

1. Enter the number of measurement pointsin X-direction (2–99) and Y-direction (2–99).

Confirm

[ Redo ]

(24) FLATNESS

2. Enter the distance between first and lastmeasurement point in X-direction and Y-direction.

Confirm

[ Redo ]

C46

Mark the measurement points in a coordinate system where the pointsare numbered in columns according to the picture in x- and y-direction.NOTE! The distances between the points must be equal for all pointsin each direction.

4. The result is displayed.Up to 10 measurement values can be displayed oneach page.

[ Back to registration of the last measurement point(can only be done before pressing another button)]

[ Shift to previous page(can only be done after pressing another button)]


[ New measurement from point 1,1 ]

(24) FLATNESS

3. Place the detector on the assignedpoint, record the value.Repeat for each point in the coordinatesystem (the display assigns which point in thecoordinate system to place the detector at).

Confirm each

[ Zero the value(only on measurement point 1,1) ]

[ Back to absolute value ]

[ Back to previous measurement point ]


C

C47

(24) FLATNESS

Selecting reference points.Three of the measurement points can be selectedas reference points, which will set them to zero.The measurement value of the rest of the pointswill then be recalculated. New reference pointscan be set on a previous stored measurement.

[ Select reference points ]

[ Values without reference points ]

[ Remeasure ]

NOTE! The measurement result can be displayedas a graph after transmitting the data to a PC viaEasyLinkTM.

Without ref. points With ref. points

Laser plane

C48

Example: The size of the values displayed as columns.

(25) PLUMBLINE

Plumbline program. For measurement of thestraightness of shafts and their centre linerelative to an absolute plumbline. The programuses the self-calibrating function of the laserwhen it is indexed 180°. Plan the measurementby placing the laser at the first “side” (9) of theshaft. Mark the measurement points. Registerall measurement values on this side of theshaft, then move the laser to the opposite side(indexing) and register the points on this side atthe same heights as before.Use laser D22 and detector D5+sliding bracket.


C

C49

Use the laser beam to mark the points at the shaft.Measure a quarter of the circumference to get the four“measurement lines”. Take extra care on shafts thatdeviate a lot from the plumbline.

The lasertransmitter is placed atfour sides of the shaft (9, 3, 6 and12) with the same side of thetransmitter towards the shaft.By doing a very careful levellingaccording to the vials you will getan accurate plumbline whenindexing the laser 180°.

9 312 6

Measurement line

Measurement point

Turbine shaft.

(25) PLUMBLINE

3. Place the detector on the lowestmeasurement point on measurement line“9” and record the value. (The H-value isused for positioning the detectorsideways.) Move the detector to the otherpoints on the same measurement line andrecord the values.

Record the value

[ Redo ]

1. Enter the number ofmeasurement points (2–10)at each measurement line.

Confirm

[ Redo ]

2. Enter the vertical distancebetween measurement points1–2, 2–3 and further on.

Confirm each

[ Redo ]

4. Measurement line “3”.When you have finished recording values onmeasurement line “9”, move the detector and laser tothe opposite side and continue with the recording.

Record the value [ Redo ]

C50

(25) PLUMBLINE

5. The result for the first direction (9–3) isdisplayed.If no or only one reference point is set, thevalues relate to the plumbline with optionalpoint through zero.

[ Back to registration of the previous point(only before pressing another button) ]


[ Toggle displayed direction; 9–3 or 6–12.(after completed measurement of bothdirections) ]

[ New measurement from measurement line “9”,point 1 ]

Continue the measurement atmeasurement line “6”

6. The measurement in the other direction(6–12) is done in the same way as the first one.Move the detector and laser to measurementline “6” and record the values. Then move thedetector to measurement line “12” andcomplete the measurement. When finished, themeasurement result for the “6–12” direction isdisplayed according to step 5.

The values can be displayed as a graph for onedirection at a time.

6-12 6-12


C

C51

(25) PLUMBLINE

Important!When moving the units to the opposite side, the lengthfrom shaft to detector can be altered only if allmeasurements is done on the same shaft diameter (A).Measurement on a shaft with different diameters (B), canonly be done at point 3 and 4 with another complete set ofdetector, risers and magnet base. These two sets must notbe changed and must be used again on the opposite sideof the shaft.

Selecting reference points.Two of the measurement points can beselected as reference point. Doing this will setthem to zero. The other points will then berecalculated. Selecting the samemeasurement point as ref. 1 and ref. 2 willgive one zero point. New reference points canbe set on a previous stored measurement.


[ Values without ref. points ]

NOTE! If two ref. points are set, themeasurement values will not correspondto the plumbline, but can be used as aguide to the straightness of the shaft.

C52

1. Enter the distance between the measurementpoints 1–2, and then points 3–4.

Confirm each

[ Redo ]

(26) SQUARENESS

For measurement of squareness. This programuses the perpendicularity in the D22 prism. Two ofthe measurement values on one of the surfacesare compared to the measurement values on theother surface. The values are recalculated to anangular value that shows any deviation from 90°that may occur. Mark where the detector shall beplaced. The laser transmitter D22 is placedaccording to the picture and levelled to the table inboth directions (x and y). As detector the D5 or M-unit can be used.


C

C53

(26) SQUARENESS

2. Record the first two measurement points.Place the detector at each point and recordvalues 1 and 2 according to the display.

Confirm each

[ Redo ]

3. Record the following two measurement values.Place the detector at each point and record values 3and 4 according to the display.

Confirm each

[ Redo ]

4. The result is displayed graphicallyto explain the direction and a value for the angle in mm/m or mils/inch.

[ Back to registration of previous point ]


C54

(27) PARALLELISM

Parallelism program. For the measurement ofparallelism between e.g. rolls. The program usesthe 90° deviation in the angular prism D46 tocreate a number of parallel laser beams. Up to 150rolls or other objects can be handled by theprogram. The result is displayed graphically withthe angular value for an eventual deviation fromparallelity. Any object or the base line can beselected as the reference afterwards.The most common setup for parallelismmeasurement is laser D22 and prism D46 mountedon tripods, detector D5 on magnet base or slidingbracket. Large target base line may also be used.


Example of a parallelism measurement :1. Level the vertical swivel of the laser according to the vial.2. Rough align the vertical turning according to the vial on the laser head.3. Aim the laser perpendicular to the measurement objects (e.g. rolls). If the line made out bythe laser beam is to be the reference, you now fine adjust to the detector on the machine sides.4. Place the Angular prism D46 with free sight to both two positions of the detector on the roll tobe measured. Calibrate the prism according to its instructions (see page “D46” in chapter A).5. Adjust the beam on to the detector at one end of the roll and record the first value.6. Move the detector to the other end, adjust the beam and record the second value.7. Move the Angular prism to the next roll, calibrate and then record according to step 5 and 6.NOTE! Measurement shall only be done with the detector levelled according to its vials, oraccording to the angular value on the display, supported by the electronic inclinometers.

C

C55

Note: Also see programParallelismPlus(38), page C82.

4. Enter the position of the firstmeasurement point (left / right andfront / rear).

Move the detectormark on the display with

(27) PARALLELISM

4. (continued) Place the detector at themeasurement point assigned on thedisplay and record the first value.

Confirm value

The measurement value is automaticallyzeroed after registration. Then move thedetector to the next point as assigned on thedisplay. Record measurement value two.

[ Redo ]

1. Enter the number ofmeasurement objects (2–150).

Confirm

[ Redo ]

2. Name the (first) object.(See page “Store measure-ment result” for information)

Confirm

3. Enter the distances betweenthe measurement points 1–2.

Confirm

C56

Place the detector inhorizontal position(90° or 270°).

(27) PARALLELISM

6. The result display with graphicsdisplaying the angle direction and a valuefor the angle in mm/m or mils/Inch.As standard the reference is set to the laserbeam direction (Base), but optionally ameasurement object can be set as thereference instead. The reference object isset to zero.

[ Set displayed object as reference ]

[ Set “Base” as the reference ]

[ Remeasure from object 1 ]

[ Toggle between measurement objects

5. The following measurement objects.Follow the procedure in steps 2–4 for therest of the objects.

C

C57

Selecting reference for the measurement

These two examples shows the same set of rollsbut with different references, and how that affectsthe measurement values.

Example 1. Base line as reference

Example 2. First roll as reference

Base line (Ref.)

Base line

Printout from theParallelism program.

]

(28) FLANGE

1. Enter the number ofmeasurement points (6–150).

Confirm

[ Redo ]

The Flange program is used for flatness measurement of circularplanes such as slewing bearings and flanges. The laser is placed at

three points evenly placed on the circle. The program can measureup to 300 points, measurements can be taken on the inner and/or theouter circle. (When measuring inner and outer circles always beginwith the inner circle position at each measurement point, then continuewith the outer position, then go on with next point/inner position etc. Inthe display unit all points are registered as being on one and the samecurve, but two circles can be displyed in the EasyLink™ program byadding // (”doubleslash”) before the name of the measurement whensaving in the display unit. Mark all the measurement points before themeasurement. Always measure clockwise. After completedmeasurement you can recalculate the measurement values so thatthree of them are zeroed as the reference. The program calculatesthese three points with 120° split.Use laser D22 with D5 detector, or laser D23 with D6 detector.

2. Enter the diameter for themeasurement points(only for documentation).

Confirm

[ Back ]

3. Place the detector on the firstmeasurement point and record the value(zeroing can be made at the first point).Then continue with the rest of the points.

Confirm

[ Zero set the value ]

[ Back ]C58

or near the measurement object and levelled within 0.1 mm [4 mils] to

(28) FLANGE

4. The result can be displayed as atable or a graph. The largest deviationfrom zero sets the scale on the display toone of three possible. Smallest and largestmeasurement values are displayed as Min.and Max. Up to 10 measurement pointscan be displayed at each page.

[ Back to registration of the last point(can only be done before pressing anotherbutton).]

[ Shift to previous page ]




Selecting reference points.Three of the measurement points can be set as referenceby setting one point as reference. The program calculatesthe two others, evenly placed on the circle. The referencepoints are set to zero. The other points will be recalculated.New reference points can be set on a previous storedmeasurement.

[ Set reference points ]

[ Restore reference points ]

C

C59

Ref. points

Last pointLine that connectsfirst and last point.

First measurementpoint again.

With reference points.

Flatness measurementof slewing bearing.

INTRODUCTION SHEAVE ALIGNMENT

C60

(A) (B) (C)

Softfoot

Negative alignment(much exaggerated)

Errors for belt transmissionsThe two sheaves/shafts are not parallel ................................Unparallelity (A)The two sheaves are parallel but not in line ........................... Parallel offset (B)The machines are neither parallel or in line ........................... Unparallelity (C)

Causes:Abnormal wear on sheaves, belts, sealings and bearings.Decreased efficiency.Increased vibration and noise.

Check before alignment:Check the sheaves for radial runout. Uncentered sheaves or bent shafts willmake it impossible to perform an accurate alignment.

Check the sheaves for axial runout. If possible, adjust withthe mounting screws of the bushings.

Check that the machine is resting evenly on the feet(e.g no softfoot).

Recommendations for alignment:When the right belt tension is achieved, the shafts, and maybe the foundation,will be bent a little. When you start the machine the shafts will straighten again.Therefore it is recommended that the sheaves/shafts point a little bit negative(see picture to the right).

(29) BTA DIGITAL; measurement procedure

C

C61

Mounting the equipment on the machinesThe magnets are super magnets with great force whichmeans you have to be careful not to get your fingerscaught. Also try to soften the touch to the sheaves byputting just one magnet to sheave first, then turningthe other ones in.


Mount the Laser transmitter on the sheavesof the (S) machine with the laser aperturetowards the sheaves of the (M) machine.

Mount the detector unit.Aim the laser scan at the detector unit.Start program “BTA DIGITAL”

S M

M S

On steel surface

On non-magnetic object

(29) BTA DIGITAL

C62

M M

Alt. 1 Alt. 2

2. Face the side of the sheave on which the BTAd shallbe attached to and is to choose with between theabove shown settings; movable (M) machine to the rightor to the left of the stationary machine.

Confirm with

NOTE! From here on, the manual only describessetting Alt. 1 with movable machine to the right,since the procedure is the same as for Alt. 2.

1. Start program BTA DIGITAL

(29) BTA DIGITAL

C

C63

F1F2

3. Measure and enter the distance between the feetpair F1 and F2 on the movable machine.

Confirm distance with

[ Back ]


(29) BTA DIGITAL

C64

4. Enter the sheave face widthIf equal widths on both the sheaves, accept _with for both S and M sheave.

If different widths, enter each width S and M.

Confirm each width with

[ Back ]

The distance from the belt tothe axial face of the sheavecan be different for both thesheaves. To calculate apossible offset the systemrequires both the sheavewidths. If the sheave widthsare equal for the twosheaves you just confirm thepre set (_) for both S and M.

(29) BTA DIGITAL

C

C65


5. Measurement values are displayed.All values in live mode.Adjust within acceptable tolerance.Save or Print out the measurement result if wanted.

[Back ]

C66

With the detector unit mountedhorizontally, any difference ofthe measurement values fromthe detectors will give ahorizontal angle (side–side).Angle and offset are shown.

M

S

With the detector unit mountedvertically, any difference of themeasurement values from thedetectors will give a verticalangle (top–bottom). With thehelp of the feet distance thecorrection value is calculated(F1 or F2).F2

Offset

Offset: The measurement value at a calculated pointbetween the detectors will give a measure of the axialoffset. By compensating for possible difference insheave face width, the value is calculated and displayed.Take care of the axial offset by, if possible, loosing andmoving the sheave on the shaft, otherwise by paralleladjusting the whole movable machine. Check so that theaxial runout does not exceed the limit value.

(29) BTA DIGITAL

(31) HALF CIRCLE

C


Measurement positions with program Half Circle

9 6 3

The Half-Circle program is used mostly for themeasurement and alignment of bearing journalsand diapraghms in turbines together with theturbine fixtures.

Rough adjustment of laser

E: Vertical parallel adjustmentF: Horizontal parallel adjustmentG: Vertical angle adjustmentH: Horizontal angle adjustment

Place the laser transmitter at the first journal.

EG

HF

1. Place Centring target at the measurement position furthest away from the lasertransmitter. Adjust the angle of the laser beam on G and H until it hits the centre of target.2. Place Centring target at the measurement position nearest the laser transmitter. Adjustthe parallelity of the laser beam on E and F until it hits the centre of target.Redo step 1: Place Centring target at the measurement position furthest away from thelaser transmitter. Adjust the angle on G and H again until the laser beam hits the centre of target.Now the laser beam is roughly adjusted to the centre of journals.

1 2

Note: Also see programHalf CirclePlus(36), page C78.

(31) HALF CIRCLE

C68

1. Mount the right length of measurement probe.2. Mount the detector on the fixture. In the 6 o’clockposition, adjust the detector position on risers so that thelaser hits at the same height as closed detector target.3. Adjust fixture horizontally until the laser beam hits thecentre of closed target. Lock the handles.

Adjusting the detector fixture 3

21

The fixture can easily beextended for larger diameters.

There are a lot of possibilities andcombinations for mounting the magnetbases and detector slide.

(31) HALF CIRCLE

C

C69


1. Enter the number ofmeasurement points(2–150).

Confirm

[ Redo ]



2. Are the distances between themeasurement points equal?Yes or No?


Confirm choice with

4. Turn detector unit tothe 9 o’clock position.

Record the value

5. Turn detector unitto the 6 o’clock position.

Record the value

R 0.1

1


Record the value

1

R 270.0

1

R 90.1

(31) HALF CIRCLE

C70

7. Move the fixture to the next measurement point (2).

Adjust the fixture according to instructions at page C68for this measurement position.

Turn the detector unit to the 9, 6 and 3 o’clock positionsand record the values at each position as before.

8. Continue with the other measurement points untilthe whole object has been measured.

9. The result can be displayed either as a table or as a graph.The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal (H) measurementvalues. Measurement point 1 is to the left. The largest deviationfrom zero sets the scale to one of three possible. The smallestand largest measurement values are displayed as Min. and Max.

Selecting reference points.Two of the measurement points can be selected as referencepoints, which will set them to zero. Example:

1. Press to get to “set reference points”-mode.

2. Press then to set measurement point 1 to zero.

3. Press then to set measurement point 5 to zero.

Without reference points

Ref.

Ref.

2

R 270.0

C


(34) STRAIGHTNESS PLUS

The StraightnessPlus program differs from thestandard Straightness program (22) in that way that youcan add and delete measurement points, orremeasure a previously recorded point anytime duringthe measurement. You can also set an offset value forthe reference line, making the program calculate thecorrect offset adjustment values automatically. Otherdifferences are that you always enter the distancemeasured from point 1 (the distance is what tells theprogram which point is which), and that you tell thedistance when adding a point, not in advance.

As you do not have to tell the program how manypoints you are going to measure before starting themeasurement it is not cruicial to prepare for themeasurement by marking the desired measurementpoints, but it is still a good idea to do so. The programcan handle up to 150 measurement points with twozero points.Set the laser according to measurement principle onpage E15.

Use laser transmitter D22, D23 or D75 and detectorD5, D6 or D157 with suitable fixtures depending onapplication.For straightness measurement you can also use S-and M-unit (see page D5).

Note: Also see programStraightness(22), page C39.

Point No.

Point No.

Point No.

Distance

Distance always measured from point 1.

Adding points in between renumbersthe existing following points.

Deleting points in between renumbersthe existing following points.

2. Measurement values are listed.No live values. Recorded points, sorted bydistance. Maximum five points at eachpage.

Add new point or remeasure

[Set ref. points ]

[Cancel all ref. points ]

[Set offset ]

[Graphic display of the values ]

[Return to Memory Menu (if restored) ]

[Delete point from the list ]

[Next list page ]

[Previous list page ]

C72


1. Detector values are displayed.Current values calculated upondistances and reference settings.The measurement point number iscalculated from the distances.Recording a new point will renumberhigher points. Recording values at aprevious recorded distance will erasethe old values. Two points can atthis moment be set to ref. points.

Record the values

[Set the point as a ref. point(after two references are set this isperformed from the list displayinstead.)]

[Show/hide the H value ]

[ Back to distances ]

3. Add/edit measurement point.Enter the distance from point 1 (theleftmost point).(Remeasuring or adjusting values for aprevious recorded point is performed byentering the distance to that point.Recording will delete the old values forthe point.)

Confirm entered distance

(After confirming a new point/distancethe program jumps to step1, ”Detectorvalues are displayed”.)

[Back to list ]

(Perform additional steps only if wanted, or continue with step 3.)

C

C73


ReferencesShows the current reference points.Set new or cancel a ref. point.

Set the entered point as a ref.

Entering number 0 will cancel apreviously set ref. point. Diagram

Graphical display of the values. Point 1is to the left. The highest deviation fromzero sets the scaling.

[Back to list ][Toggle between V / H display ]

Delete pointEnter the number for the point to delete.NOTE! The remaining points with highernumber will be renumbered.

Delete the entered point

[Back to list (no deletion will be made) ]

Offset1. You always get the questionto change/set Ref. pointsbefore setting Offset value.When/if OK, press

2. Next step is to enter values for Vertical andHorizontal offset for the Reference points.

Enter figure, then press

[Press before figure for negative value (-) ]

C74

(35) CENTER OF CIRCLE PLUS

The Center of circle Plus program is used forstraightness measurement of bores e.g. bearingjournals when the diameters vary.

The Center of circle Plus program differs fromthe standard Center of circle program (23) in thatway that you can add and delete measurementpoints, or remeasure a previously recorded pointanytime during the measurement. You can alsoset an offset value for the reference line, makingthe program calculate the correct offsetadjustment values automatically. Otherdifferences are that you always enter the distancemeasured from point 1 (the distance is what tellsthe program which point is which), and that youtell the distance when adding a point, not inadvance.Best performance when using the Lineboresystem, but lasers D75/D22 and detectors D5/D157 can also be used with suitable fixtures.

Note: Also see programCenter Of Circle(23), page C42.

Point No.

Point No.

Point No.

Distance




C

C75



2. Turn the detector 180°.Record second value in position 12.

Confirm

[Back ]

1. Place the detector on the assigned point,record first measurement value in position 6.

Confirm value

[ Show / Hide H-value with ]NOTE! If the H-value is not displayed when registeringthe last value it cannot be displayed again.

[Back ]

R 180.1

C76




[Set ref. points ]


[Set offset ]




[Next list page ]


3. Detector values are displayed.Current values calculated upondistances and reference settings.The measurement point number iscalculated from the distances.Recording a new point will renumberhigher points. Recording values at aprevious recorded distance will erasethe old values. Two points can atthis moment be set to ref. points.

Record the values

[Set the point as a ref. point(after two references are set this isperformed from the list displayinstead.)]

[Show/hide the H value ]

[ Back to distances ]



(After confirming a new point/distancethe program jumps to step1, ”Place thedetector on...”.)

[Back to list ]


C77


C













C78

(36) HALF CIRCLE PLUS

The Half-Circle Plus program is used mostly forthe measurement and alignment of bearing journalsand diapraghms in turbines together with the turbinefixtures.

The Half-Circle Plus program differs from thestandard Half-Circle program (31) in that way thatyou can add and delete measurement points, orremeasure a previously recorded point anytimeduring the measurement. You can also set an offsetvalue for the reference line, making the programcalculate the correct offset adjustment valuesautomatically. Other differences are that you alwaysenter the distance measured from point 1 (thedistance is what tells the program which point iswhich), and that you tell the distance when adding apoint, not in advance.

As you do not have to tell the program how manypoints you are going to measure before starting themeasurement it is not cruicial to prepare for themeasurement by marking the desired measurementpoints, but it is still a good idea to do so. Theprogram can handle up to 150 measurement pointswith two zero points.

Important! Read pages C67 and C68 beforestarting the measurement.

Note: Also see programHalf Circle(31), page C67.

Point No.

Point No.

Point No.

Distance




C

C79



1. Record first value.Turn detector unit tothe 9 o’clock position.

Record the value

R 270.0

1

2. Turn detector unitto the 6 o’clock position.

Record the value

R 0.1

1


Record the value

R 90.1

1

R 270.0

4. Detector values are displayed.Current values calculated upon distances andreference settings. The measurement pointnumber is calculated from the distances.Recording a new point will renumber higherpoints. Recording values at a previousrecorded distance will erase the old values.Two points can at this moment be set to ref.points. The H or V value can be Livedepending on the position of the detector andby pressing abutton.

Record the point

(When Live display, the point will beremeasured.)

[Set the point as a ref. point(after two references are set this is performedfrom the list display instead.)]

[Back to first measuring position 9 o’clock ]

[When Live display, toggle V / H ]

[Live display of V or H value ]

C80




(After confirming a new point/distancethe program jumps to step1, ”Recordfirst value”.)

[Back to list ]



[Set ref. points ]


[Set offset ]




[Next list page ]



C

C81














C82

(38) PARALLELISM PLUS

Note: Also see programParallelism(27), page C55.ParallelismPlus program. For the

measurement of parallelism between e.g. rolls.The ParallelismPlus program differs from thestandard Parallelism program (27) in that way thatyou can add and delete measurement objects, orremeasure a previously recorded object anytimeduring the measurement. Other differences arethat you add objects to measure one after eachother, not in advance, and that you can measurethe Baseline. Note! Baseline measurement canonly be performed at step 3.

The program uses the 90° deviation in theangular prism D46 to create a number of parallellaser beams. Up to 150 rolls or other objects canbe handled by the program. The result is dis-played graphically with the angular value for aneventual deviation from parallelity. Any object orthe base line can be selected as the referenceafterwards.The most common setup for parallelismmeasurement is laser D22 and prism D46 mountedon tripods, detector D5 on magnet base or slidingbracket. Large target base line or Large targetsupport with detector may also be used.

Object No.

Object No.

Object No.

Example: five rolls are measured...

Adding objects in between renumbersthe existing following objects.

Deleting objects in between renumbersthe existing following objects.

C



Example of a parallelism measurement :1. Level the vertical swivel of the laser according to the vial.2. Rough align the vertical turning according to the vial on the laser head.3. Aim the laser perpendicular to the measurement objects (e.g. rolls). If the line made out bythe laser beam is to be the reference, you now fine adjust to the detector on the machine sides.4. Place the Angular prism D46 with free sight to both two positions of the detector on the roll tobe measured. Calibrate the prism according to its instructions (see page “D46” in chapter A).5. Adjust the beam on to the detector at one end of the roll and record the first value.6. Move the detector to the other end, adjust the beam and record the second value.7. Move the Angular prism to the next roll, calibrate and then record according to step 5 and 6.NOTE! Measurement shall only be done with the detector levelled according to its vials, oraccording to the angular value on the display, supported by the electronic inclinometers.

Selecting reference for the measurementExample 1. Base line as reference

Example 2. First roll as reference

Base line (Ref.)

Base line

C84


3. If you want to perform a Baseline measurementpress and follow the instructions.(Note! This is the only time during themeasurement procedure that a baselinemeasurement can be performed.)

After this, enter the position of the firstmeasurement point (left / right and front / rear)as displyed.

Move the detector mark on the display with

Place the detector at the measurement pointassigned on the display and record the firstvalue.

Confirm value

[Back ]

1. Enter a name for theobject to be measured.

Confirm

2. Enter the distances betweenthe measurement points 1–2.

Confirm

[Back ]

Place the detector inhorizontal position(90° or 270°).

(Perform additional steps only if wanted,or continue with step 4, page C86.)

Example: One objectalready measured.

C

C85



Enter the distancebetween Baseline startand end points.

Confirm distance

[Back ]

Record the first point.

Confirm value

[Back ]

Record the second point.

Confirm value

[Back ]

Baseline measurementTo start with the laser is set as Reference. By recording two points at the baseline, the truebaseline can be used as ref. The baseline will be named object 0. Use the fixture for baselinemeasurement and enter the distance between the two points.

C86


4. Record point 2.The detector mark is positioned.Move the detector to theassigned point. The angle isdisplayed with changeable unit.

Confirm value

[Enter Object length ]

[Toggle Angular presentation ]

[Back ]

Object lengthIf entering an object length thisvalue can be used to recalculatethe angle of the object to a trueadjustment value, regardless ofwhere on the object the detectoris placed during themeasurement.

5. Recorded objects are listed.If Baseline or an object is referenceit is marked at the display.

Measure new object(Or remeasure existing)

[Enter Ref. Object ]

[Set Laser as ref. ]

[Enter Object length ]


[Graphical display ]

[Delete object ]

[Next List page ]

[Previous List page ]

6. Add new object.The Object number is default set toa new object. To edit an existingobject, enter the number of thatobject instead.

Add object(Or remeasure. The programjumps to step 1, ”Enter a name...”)

[Back ]

Graphical displayShowing the direction of the angle in graphics.

Measure new object (Or remeasure existing)

[Set displayed object as Reference ]

[Set Laser as Reference ]


[Back to list display ]

[Next object ]

[Previous object ]

C

C87


Reference objectEnter the object number. Object 0 isthe baseline.

Confirm object

[Back ]

Delete objectEnter the number for the object to delete.NOTE! The remaining objects with highernumber will be renumbered.

Delete entered object

[Back ]

Angle / unit(e.g. /meter, /inch) Angle / object length

Enter Object length.

Confirm value

[Back ]

DApplications D. Measurement applicationsStraightness ....................................................... D2Flatness ............................................................. D3Squareness measurement with indexing ............. D4Straightness measurement with S- and M-unit ..... D5Pointing direction ................................................ D6Aligning of workpiece .......................................... D7

Zero

STRAIGHTNESS

Fundamental straightness measurement wherethe measurement value from the detector is read,for example, in the Values program.

With two zero points as reference.The laser beam is adjusted to pass through twoselected reference points at the same distancefrom the measurement object. The measurementvalue is set to zero at the reference points. Themeasurement value at the other points will showthe deviation from the straight line between thereference points.

With the horizontal plane as reference.The laserbeam is levelled according to the vialson the transmitter and the value on the first pointis zeroed. The measurement values on the otherpoints will show the deviation from the horizontalplane.

D2

Zero

Zero

Level according to vials.

(One detector in five different positions.)

FLATNESS

Fundamental flatness measurement. The sameprinciple as for straightness measurement, butone dimension is added. Suitable program isValues.

With one reference plane that “rests” on threeref.points.The laser beam is adjusted to pass through 3selected ref.points at the same distance from themeasurement object. The measurement values atthe reference points are levelled to zero.The measurement values at the other points willshow the deviation from the laser plane.

With a reference plane parallel to the horizon-tal plane.The laser beam is levelled according to the vialsand the measurement value at the first point is setto zero. The measurement values at the otherpoints will show the deviation from the horizontalplane.

D

D3

Level according to vials.

(One detector in three different positions.)

SQUARENESS MEASUREMENT WITH INDEXING

D4

0.10-0.10

0

0.16-0.100.06

A B

0 0

L

0

Measurementpoints

Referenceplane

0 2-2

L

A B

Referenceplane

A B

L

-0.10

0

Measurementpoint

L

0.10

0

Measurementpoint

Referenceplane

Measurementobject

A B

L

-0.10

0

Measurementpoint

L

0.16

0

Measurementpoint

Referenceplane

Measurementobject

When a very high accuracy is wanted when measuringsquareness, where we need to get an even higher accuracy thanfor the laser transmitter (D22 according to technical specifications0.01 mm/m), we use a method where the laser transmitter isindexed 180°. The picture to the right shows the principle.The method is suitable for measurement of straightness comparedto two points on a reference plane, or for measuring plumb wherewe use the vials on the laser transmitter as reference.

0.06/2=0.03= The absoluteangle for the measuredobject at a distance L.

This means that theobject is perpen-dicular to thereference plane.

We suppose a constant “angularerror” for a set square. Thisangular error will be the same inabsolute values if we rotate theset square 180° around an axis“0” perpendicular to thereference plane. It is the valuebetween the measured positionsA and B that represents a squareangle.

STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT WITH S- AND M-UNIT

D

D5

1 2 3 4 5 6

You can perform a straightnessmeasurement with the S- and M-unit(i.e. no separate laser transmitter isused). The S-unit is used as referencetransmitter and the M-unit as detector.Follow the instructions below.

1. Mount the S- and M-unit on magnet bases.

2. Adjust the laser beam from the S-unit visually to hit detector centre on the M-unit, placed on the measurement position furthest away. (The beam from the M-unit is not used.) Then the beam will be parallel to the measurement object.

3. Decide the number of measurement points and the distance between them.

4. Start the Straightness program and follow the instructions on the display.

5. Move the M-unit to the measurement points and register the values accordingto instructions on the display.

6. After the last measurement point, choose zero points in the program. Readthe values and decide the straightness of the measured object. If you wish,make a printout of the graph and table on the display.

Exemple of straightness measurementwith 6 measurement points.

POINTING DIRECTION

D6

Fig. 1. The table as reference(the detector is moved).

Fig. 2. The machine bed as reference(the table is moved).

L L

1

2

1

2

Measuring pointing direction in an arbor or millingmachine can be done with the table as reference or themovement of the table as reference. By doing this we areable to see if the table is parallel to the machine bed.

The measurement in Fig. 1 shows the pointing direction ofthe spindle relative to two points at the table. Whenmeasuring the pointing direction of the spindle relative tothe machine bed/movement (Fig. 2), let us say we get adifferent measurement value. The difference between thesetwo values is the deviation from parallelity for the table andthe movement.

ALIGNING OF WORKPIECE

D

D7

With the spindle laser D146 or the swivellinglaser D22 mounted in the spindle of a machinetool. Place the Linebore detector D32 or thedetector D5 in a suitable fixture to fit the holes inthe workpiece that will be the reference for thealignment. Then a precise alignment can be doneeven when the distance between the spindle andthe reference holes is very large.

EMeasurement basics E. Measurement basicsFacts about laser ............................................... E2Facts about PSD ............................................... E3Divergence and Laser beam centre .................. E4Thermal gradients ............................................. E5Measurement and alignment ............................. E6Technical terms ................................................. E7Conditions for shaft alignment ........................... E8Shaft alignment methods ................................. E10Mathematical principles of shaft alignment ...... E11Centre of rotation ............................................ E12Angular deviation ............................................. E14Measurement principles for geometry ............. E15Straightness – reference points ....................... E16

FACTS ABOUT LASER

E2

Light is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum,which also includes UV, IR, microwaves etc.Wavelengths between 400 nm and 780 nm arecalled visible light.

The word laser means: Light Amplification byStimulated Emission of Radiation.There are many applications for lasers and evenmore kinds of lasers to handle them. Instrumentsfor length scale calibration (interferometers) ofmachine tools are most often equipped with gaslasers of helium-neon type. Within alignmentinstruments semiconductor lasers are the onespreferred. The benefits with this kind of lasers arethe extremely compact design and very highdirectional stability of the beam.

To describe the laser principle we use a HeNe-laser because of its simplicity. The HeNe-laserconsists of a glass tube with anode and cathode,filled with a mixture of helium and neon gas. Ateach end mirrors are placed, of which the one atthe front is partially translucent.The tube is powered from a high-voltage supplyunit. The light is then generated by the electricaldischarge in the gas (spontaneous emission), andbegins to “bounce” between the mirrors. Only lightthat is moving exactly parallel to the length axis ofthe tube can go on bouncing and get so powerful(stimulated emission) that it can pass through thetranslucent mirror as a laser beam. In principlelaser light is similar to normal light, but consists oflight with only one wavelength.

10nm 100nm

400nm 600nm500nm

700nm

Diode laser

1 m 10 m 1mm100 m

Visible light spectrum

UV IR

100% Mirror Partly translucent mirror

Cathode Anode

Simplified picture of a HeNe laser.

Electromagnetic spectrum

Eye sensitivity

Laser diode (semiconductor type) as used in the Easy-Laser®.

Laser PSD Display unit

FACTS ABOUT PSD DETECTOR

E

E3

PSD

CCD

PSD is short for Position Sensitive Device. ThePSD detector consists of a light-sensitive siliconwafer. For comparision the PSD can be called ananalogue component, with theoretically unlimitedresolution, on the contrary to a CCD detector(camera device), which is digital and with aresolution limited by the design.When the laserbeam hits the PSD, an electriccurrent flows through the point hit by the beam.The electric currents at the two electrodes areproportional to the position of the beam. Thismakes it possible to determine the position of thebeam center. The resolution possible is, quiteliterally, one in a million.

Easy-Laser® measurement systems uses avisible red laser beam as a measurementreference. The laser beam is directed to the PSDdetector. Then the measurement programs in theDisplay unit calculate the values from the PSDand present the result according to which programis used.

DIVERGENCE AND LASER BEAM CENTER

E4

DivergenceEvery laser diverges i.e. the beam diameterincreases with the distance depending on the typeof laser. Normally lasers diverge with less than1 mrad, i.e. the beam diameter increases with<1 mm/m. Due to their design, semiconductorlasers are always made with collimator optics. Toreduce the divergence of the laser even more,telescopic optics can be used. The laser beamcan then be focused at a specified distance, butthe optics also enlarge the beam diameter at theaperture (see picture).An example of a laser transmitter with telescopicoptics is the Easy-Laser® D22.

The centre of the laser beamNo laser beam is perfectly round. The energy fromthe beam is also somewhat different over thesurface. But this is of no importance for themeasurement result because the detectorcalculates/reads the energy centre for the beam,similar to how the centre of gravity of a body ofany material can be calculated. Because of this itis however important that the whole of the beamhits inside the detector surface. It is the size of thedetector surface in combination with the laserbeam divergence that limits the possiblemeasurement distance in each case.

Laser divergence: A; plain. B; with telescopic optics

Be sure that the whole beam hits the detector for correctcalculation of laser energy centre (i.e. correct measurementvalue).

Outside the detector surface.

The laser beam has anenergy centre.

A

B

THERMAL GRADIENTS

E

E5

Thermal gradientsYou can easily see the effects of thermal gradientswhen the air is moving above the asphalt a hotsummer day. It is then not possible to focus whatis on the other side of this area. If the laserbeampasses through air with varying temperature, thatmay influence the direction of the laserbeam inthe same way. During continous measurementthis could mean unstable readings. Try to reduceair movements between laser and detector by, forinstance, moving heat sources, closing doors etc.If the readings remain unstable, you can use themeasurement value filter feature in the Easy-Laser® systems.

Always ensure a goodmeasurement environment.

Thermal gradients

When you look down into the water, the light reflectedfrom what you see at the bottom will deflect similar to thelight from a laser when it breaks through two media, ortwo different temperatures of the same medium.

Air

Water

MEASUREMENT AND ALIGNMENT

Shaft AlignmentAlmost 50% of all down-time in rotating machinesdepends on misalignment. Misaligned shafts cancause:Bearing failureShaft failureSeal failureCoupling wearOverheatingEnergy lossHigh vibration

Carefully aligned machines will get you:Increased production timeLess bearing and seal wearLess coupling wearLess vibrationLower maintenance costs

To be able to handle the measurementequipment in the right way is an important part ofthe alignment. Knowledge about tolerances,different types of couplings, machines andfoundations etc. is also neccessary for a goodresult of the alignment work.

Demands on quality and performance in theindustry of today are increasing all the time. Down-time and maintenance need to be very well plan-ned. When maintenance is done, there should beno doubt about the result. Using laser equipment isthen a great advantage. With lasers the work is donevery quickly, it can be done with very high precisionand it can be documented. The measurement resultwill also be the same irrespective of who has donethe work (unlike conventional methods).

In this chapter we describe the fundamentalswithin measurement and alignment, both laser andconventional methods. To get the most out of yourEasy-Laser® measurement system it is importantthat you have fundamental knowledge aboutmeasurement. You will then do the measurementsand alignments much faster and more accurately.In addition, you will doubtless see new possibilitesto solve measurement problems you until thenthought were hard, or even impossible to solve. Evenif you have great experience in the field of alignment,you will probably get a better understanding of whatto notice when doing the alignment work. At thesame time you get an introduction to expressionsand technical terms we use on other pages in thismanual.

E6

Technical terms within measurement and alignmentthat is important to know:

Offset The centre lines of the two shafts are not concentric but parallel.

Angular deviation The centre lines of the two shafts are not parallel.

M-machine Movable machine. The machine that is adjusted relative to the stationary machine.

M-unit The measuring unit to be mounted on the movable machine.

S-machine Stationary machine. Must not be moved.

S-unit The measuring unit that shall be mounted on the stationary machine.

Softfoot A condition where the machine stands on three feet instead of four. This of coursemeans that the machine is standing unstably on the foundation. Should be adjustedbefore alignment.

TECHNICAL TERMS

E

Offset Angular deviation Offset and angular deviation Softfoot

E7

CONDITIONS FOR SHAFT ALIGNMENT

Misaligned shafts will always cause strains andstresses in bearings, shafts, couplings and thedriving machine.

Reliable alignment is not possible if the machinefoundation is not stable.

The conditions for a good alignmentBefore you start the alignment you have to knowhow the machines will react in normal workingconditions. To align machines that are in bad shape,or will move from their position just a short momentafter starting them is a waste of effort.

New machinesMake a rough alignment, followed by a moreaccurate alignment when the installation is finished.Before alignment, check how the machine isworking. Check the mounting bolts, coupling,vibrations, temperature, pipes and otherconnections.

Machine foundations (new installation)Check that the foundations of both the machinesare stable and flat, and that the concrete foundationhas hardened before placing the machines. Observethat the feet of the machines should not rest directlyon to the foundation, instead you should use shims.Clean the machine feet from dirt and rust. In addi-tion the stationary machine should be shimmed alittle bit higher than the moveable one beforealignment.To begin with, place approximately 2 mm of shimsunder each machine foot. Then you will be wellprepared for the following alignment.

E8

Dynamical movementsDuring operation, machinery will be influenced bydifferent factors and forces. These factors may bethermal growth, twisting forces, aerodynamicalforces and hydraulic forces to mention some. Thesum of these factors will result in an offset devia-tion from the position of a “cold” machine. Thisnew position of the shafts is normally called the“hot” condition. Depending on the kind ofmachinery, these changes can be of greatimportance.

Thermal growthThe result of the measurement can be influencedfrom different thermal growth factors for the S-and the M-machine. For example the thermalgrowth factor for steel is approxemately 0.01 mm/mfor each degree of temperature rising.

CONDITIONS FOR SHAFT ALIGNMENT

Example:Height from foundation to shaft 1 mTemperature when aligning +20 oCWorking temperature +50 oCThermal growth: 1 x 0.01 x (50-20)=0.3 mm

There is no problem when the S-machine has thesame characteristics as the M-machine. In othercases you have to do the alignment before themachine get cold, or you have to compensate forthe difference.

Example:If the S-machine rises with 0.25 mm more than theM-machine as a result of the thermal growth, theshims under the M-machine also have to beincreased with 0.25 mm (under all feet).

The machine manufacturers normally provideinformation about the thermal characteristics oftheir machines. Always check the following whendeciding the influences of thermal growth:The working temperature for both the machines.The temperature coefficient for both the machines.The influence of the surrounding temperaturesuch as machinery insulation, external heatsources, cooling systems etc.

E

E9

Cold condition

Hot condition

SHAFT ALIGNMENT METHODS

Reversed indicator method.

Rim and face method.

Alignment methodsRim and face methodTwo dial indicators mounted on a fixture indicatethe offset (rim) and angular error (face) of thecoupling. The readings are taken when the shaftsare turned 180° between positions 6 - 12 - 9 - 3.

Reversed indicator methodTwo dial indicators, mounted on each half of thecoupling shows the offset and angular error.Measurement values are read when the shafts areturned 180° between the measurement positions6 - 12 - 9 - 3. One of the dials indicates the offset,and the difference between the dials gives theangular error.

Laser methodWorks with the reversed method where, instead ofdial indicators, two laser transmitters/detectorsmounted on each part of the shaft/coupling areused. The measurement values are read when theshafts are turned to measurement positions 9 - 12 -3, or with the program EasyTurnTM to threearbitrary positions with as little as 20° between thepositions. The display unit calculates the offsetand angular error, and also the position of frontand rear feet pair. All values are displayed “live”. Laser method

E10

MATHEMATICAL PRINCIPLES OF SHAFT ALIGNMENT

E

Shaft alignment with laser is based on normaltrigonometrics, where the values are calculatedby the display unit. The diagram belowdescribes the mathematics behind thecalculations.

Example from ameasurementwhere thelaserbeams fromthe measuringunits hit in animaginedcoordinatesystem.

E11

CENTER OF ROTATION

1. Zero set.

2. Turn 180o and read the value.

3. Halve the value.

4. Turn and read absolute values over one fullrevolution.

Basic method to find the centre of the shaftswhen doing shaft alignment.

Stationary shaft

Example (only “movable” measuring unit shown):

Movable shaftMeasuring unit onmovable shaft

E12

E

E13

CENTRE OF ROTATION

If the laser isindexed 180°, itscentre ofrotation will becalculatedrelative to thedetector.

The centre of rotation for a detector whenmeasuring centre of circle.

When indexing the detector its centre of rotation iscalculated relative to the laserbeam.Zero the measurement values in position 1, and halvethe values in position 2.Now any different diameters will not affect themeasurement value from being a true value of thecentre point.

Centre of rotation for the laser whenmeasuring pointing direction.

The laser beam projects concentric circles. A linethrough two centre points will show the pointingdirection of the spindle.

Pos. 1

Pos. 2

Pos. 6

Pos.12

Example:The position of the detector will influence themeasurement value when measuring theparallelity between rolls. Therefore it is importantto place the detector at the same angle atmeasurement positions 1 and 2 at each object.

Radius to detector

Angular deviation

The measurementvalue difference

At a radius of 500 mm [20”] an angular deviation of 1°will give a difference of 0.1 mm [4 mils] in radialmeasurement value.

E14

ANGULAR DEVIATION

1

2[ 20” ]

[ 4 mils ]

MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES FOR GEOMETRY

E

E15

All measurement with Easy-Laser® such asstraightness, flatness, parallelism andsquareness is based upon the same principle. Allmeasurement values will reflect the position of thedetector relative the laser beam. To be able to usethe measurement values for adjustment anddocumentation, you need to select absolutereferences/zero points. These can be either pointson the measurement object or the horizontalplane.When using a horizontal reference, the laser beamis levelled to the vials on the laser transmitter.When the measurement object is to be thereference, the laser is levelled to the detectorsplaced at the reference points.This levelling is always carried out in the sameway: zero setting of the laser.

Zero setting of the laser1. Rough alignment to closed target.A- At a short distance, aim the detector at the laserbeam by sliding the detector on the risers.B- At a long distance, level the laser to the target.

2. Fine adjustment to open target.A- At a short distance, zero set detector with onthe display unit.B- At a long distance, level the laser to zero on thedetector.C- Redo steps 2A and 2B until you get zero at both ofthe reference points.

Now a measurement of the object along the laserbeamcan be made.

A. Zero set withat a short distance.

B. Level the laser tozero at a long distance.

E16

STRAIGHTNESS – REFERENCE POINTS

0 -0.15 -0.10 0.05 0

0 -0.10 0 0.20 0.20

0.40 0.10 0 0 -0.20

A

B

C

Example of a straightness measurementTaking a girder as example, we place our “zero points” (the gauge blocksunder the straight edge) at different positions. The straight edge will nowact as the reference line to which the other measurement values will refer.The measurement values are assumed according to example (A).NOTE! The measurement values have been compensated for thethickness of the gauge blocks (represented in the picture by the thin line).If we then move the zero points (examples B and C), the measurementvalues will also change, corresponding to the reference line. In the sameway as for the straight edge, the measurement values will change for anobject measured with a laser system when the reference points aremoved.

0 0

00

00

FAppendix F. AppendixTolerances for shaft alignment .......................... F2Tolerances for sheave alignment ....................... F3Checking the units .............................................. F4Conversion tables .............................................. F5Problem solver, Maintenance .............................. F6Notes ................................................................. F7

TOLERANCES FOR SHAFT ALIGNMENT

The rotation speed of the shafts will decide thedemands on the alignment. The table on this side can beused as a guidance if no other tolerances isrecommended by the manufacturer of the machines.The tolerances are set to the maximum allowed devia-tion from accurate values, with no consideration ofwhether that value should be zero or compensated forthermal growth.

rpm mils mm mils mm0000-1000 3.0 0.07 5.0 0.131000-2000 2.0 0.05 4.0 0.102000-3000 1.5 0.03 3.0 0.073000-4000 1.0 0.02 2.0 0.044000-5000 0.5 0.01 1.5 0.035000-6000 <0.5 <0.01 <1.5 <0.03

rpm mils/” mm/100 mils/” mm/1000000-1000 0.6 0.06 1.0 0.101000-2000 0.5 0.05 0.8 0.082000-3000 0.4 0.04 0.7 0.073000-4000 0.3 0.03 0.6 0.064000-5000 0.2 0.02 0.5 0.055000-6000 0.1 0.01 0.4 0.04

Excellent Acceptable

Angular error

Offset

F2

F

F3

TOLERANCES FOR SHEAVE ALIGNMENT

0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

1.753.495.246.988.7310.4712.2213.9615.7117.45

<° mm/mmils/inch

Recommended maximum tolerances frommanufacturers of belt transmissions are,depending on type of belt, 0.25–0.5°.

Recommended range

CHECKING THE DETECTOR READINGS

A method to check if the Easy-Laser®measuring units are within the specifiedtolerances.

1. Use program Values. Set the resolution to 0.5 mil[0.01 mm], display the M-values and set to zero bypressing the button.

2. Put a shim under the magnet base to lift the M-unit100 mils [1 mm] and the M-reading shall correspond tothe movement within 1 % (1 mil ±1 digit) [0.01 mm ±1digit).

3. Remove the shim, display the S-values, set to zeroand put the shim under the magnet base to lift the S-unit. S-reading shall now correspond to the movementwithin 1 % (1 mil ±1 digit) [0.01 mm ±1 digit).

Note!It is only the lifted unit that can be measured each time.

Parallel lift a known distance.

An alternative way to move the units a known distanceis to use the movement of a machine tool spindle.

F4

1 m

m

F

F5

CONVERSION TABLES

Conversion tables to convert measurementvalues from one unit to another.

Length

Angle

Mass

Temperature

Example:

F6

PROBLEM SOLVER, MAINTENANCE

A. The system will not start:1 Don not let go of the On-button so quickly.2 Check that the battery poles are facing thecorrect side according to the labels.3 Change batteries.

B. The laser does not light up:1 Check the connectors.2 Change batteries.

C. No measurement values are displayed:1 See B2 Open the target.3 Adjust the laser to the detector.

D. Unstable measurement values:1 Tighten the screws at the fixtures etc.2 Adjust the laser away from the PSD edge.3 Increase the filter setting (not for BTA digital).

E. Wrong measurement values?1 Study arrows and signs on the detector labels.2. BTA digital; check mounting direction ofdetector unit.

F. There is no printout from the printer:1 Check the printer cable.2 If red diode on the printer goes out, charge theprinter batteries.

CleaningFor the best measurement result, always keep theequipment clean and the optics at the detectorand laser very clean from dirt and fingerprints.Use a dry rag for cleaning.

BatteriesThe system is powered by four R14 (C) batteries.Most types of batteries can be used, evenrechargeable, but alcaline will give the longestoperating time. If the system will not be used for along time, the batteries must be taken out.

Avoid direct sunlightIf the measuring unit/detector has to be placed sothat sunlight hits thePSD directly, there is arisk of unstablemeasurement values.Try to shade thedetector, for exampleas shown in thepicture.

F

F7

NOTES

F8

NOTES

F

F9

NOTES

NOTES

F10

F

NOTES

F11

NOTES

F12

MANUAL - NDT Equipment | Pipe Inspection Cameras | … Sviwelling laser D22 ..... A7 Laser D22 and...

Documents

Transcript of MANUAL - NDT Equipment | Pipe Inspection Cameras | … Sviwelling laser D22 ..... A7 Laser D22 and...