175 Electrical Safety Analyzer

Users Guide

PN 2185754 May 2008 © 2007 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA Specifications subject to change without notice. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Warranty and Product Support

Fluke Biomedical warrants this instrument against defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of original purchase. During the war-ranty period, we will repair or at our option replace, at no charge, a product that proves to be defective, provided you return the product, shipping prepaid, to Fluke Biomedical. This warranty covers the original purchaser only and is not transferable. The warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse or has been serviced or modified by anyone other than an authorized Fluke Biomedical service facility. NO OTHER WARRANTIES, SUCH AS FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.

This warranty covers only serialized products and their accessory items that bear a distinct serial number tag. Recalibration of instruments is not covered under the warranty

This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that vary in different jurisdictions. Since some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of an implied warranty or of incidental or conse-quential damages, this limitation of liability may not apply to you. If any pro-vision of this warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other de-cision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.

07/07

Notices

All Rights Reserved © Copyright 2007, Fluke Biomedical. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmit-ted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language without the written permission of Fluke Biomedical.

Copyright Release Fluke Biomedical agrees to a limited copyright release that allows you to reproduce manuals and other printed materials for use in service training programs and other technical publications. If you would like other reproductions or distributions, submit a written request to Fluke Biomedical.

Unpacking and Inspection Follow standard receiving practices upon receipt of the instrument. Check the shipping carton for damage. If damage is found, stop unpacking the instrument. Notify the carrier and ask for an agent to be present while the instrument is unpacked. There are no special unpacking instructions, but be careful not to damage the instrument when unpacking it. Inspect the instrument for physi-cal damage such as bent or broken parts, dents, or scratches.

Technical Support For application support or answers to technical questions, either email techservices@flukebiomedical.com or call 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-446-6945.

Claims Our routine method of shipment is via common carrier, FOB origin. Upon delivery, if physical damage is found, retain all packing materials in their original condition and contact the carrier immediately to file a claim. If the instrument is delivered in good physical condition but does not operate within specifications, or if there are any other problems not caused by shipping damage, please contact Fluke Biomedical or your local sales representative.

Standard Terms and Conditions Refunds and Credits

Please note that only serialized products and their accessory items (i.e., products and items bearing a distinct serial number tag) are eligible for partial refund and/or credit. Nonserialized parts and accessory items (e.g., cables, carrying cases, auxiliary modules, etc.) are not eligible for return or refund. Only products returned within 90 days from the date of original purchase are eligible for refund/credit. In order to receive a partial refund/credit of a product purchase price on a serialized product, the product must not have been damaged by the customer or by the carrier chosen by the customer to return the goods, and the product must be returned complete (meaning with all manuals, cables, accessories, etc.) and in “as new” and re-salable condition. Products not returned within 90 days of purchase, or products which are not in “as new” and resalable condition, are not eligible for credit return and will be returned to the cus-tomer. The Return Procedure (see below) must be followed to assure prompt refund/credit.

Restocking Charges Products returned within 30 days of original purchase are subject to a minimum restocking fee of 15 %. Products returned in excess of 30 days after purchase, but prior to 90 days, are subject to a minimum restocking fee of 20 %. Additional charges for damage and/or missing parts and acces-sories will be applied to all returns.

Return Procedure All items being returned (including all warranty-claim shipments) must be sent freight-prepaid to our factory location. When you return an instrument to Fluke Biomedical, we recommend using United Parcel Service, Federal Express, or Air Parcel Post. We also recommend that you insure your shipment for its actual replacement cost. Fluke Biomedical will not be responsible for lost shipments or instruments that are received in damaged condition due to improper packaging or handling. Use the original carton and packaging material for shipment. If they are not available, we rec-ommend the following guide for repackaging:

Use a double-walled carton of sufficient strength for the weight being shipped. Use heavy paper or cardboard to protect all instrument surfaces. Use nonabrasive

material around all projecting parts. Use at least four inches of tightly packed, industry-approved, shock-absorbent

material around the instrument. Returns for partial refund/credit: Every product returned for refund/credit must be accompanied by a Return Material Authoriza-tion (RMA) number, obtained from our Order Entry Group at 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-446-6945. Repair and calibration: To find the nearest service center, go to www.flukebiomedical.com/service, or In the U.S.A.: Cleveland Calibration Lab Tel: 1-800-850-4606 Email: globalcal@flukebiomedical.com Everett Calibration Lab Tel: 1-888-993-5853 Email: service.status@fluke.com In Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Eindhoven Calibration Lab Tel: +31-402-675300 Email: ServiceDesk@fluke.com In Asia: Everett Calibration Lab Tel: +425-446-6945 Email: service.international@fluke.com

Certification This instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected. It was found to meet Fluke Biomedical’s manufacturing specifications when it was shipped from the factory. Calibration measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Devices for which there are no NIST calibration standards are measured against in-house performance standards us-ing accepted test procedures.

WARNING Unauthorized user modifications or application beyond the published specifications may result in electrical shock hazards or improper operation. Fluke Biomedical will not be re-sponsible for any injuries sustained due to unauthorized equipment modifications.

Restrictions and Liabilities Information in this document is subject to change and does not represent a commitment by Fluke Biomedical. Changes made to the information in this document will be incorpo-rated in new editions of the publication. No responsibility is assumed by Fluke Biomedi-cal for the use or reliability of software or equipment that is not supplied by Fluke Bio-medical, or by its affiliated dealers.

Manufacturing Location The 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer is manufactured in Everett, Washington by Fluke Biomedical, 6920 Seaway Blvd., Everett, WA, U.S.A.

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Table of Contents

Chapter Title Page

1 Introduction and Specifications.............................................. 1-1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 1-3

Simplicity.......................................................................................... 1-3 Versatility ......................................................................................... 1-3

General Safety Considerations.............................................................. 1-4 Symbols ............................................................................................ 1-4 Warnings and Cautions ..................................................................... 1-4

Key Features ......................................................................................... 1-6 Instrument Familiarity .......................................................................... 1-7 Specifications........................................................................................ 1-10 Accessories ........................................................................................... 1-11

2 Operation .................................................................................. 2-1 Preliminary Steps.................................................................................. 2-3

Preparing the Analyzer for Use......................................................... 2-4 Verifying the Power Outlet Connections .......................................... 2-4

Measuring Line Voltage ....................................................................... 2-5 Measuring Device Current.................................................................... 2-6 Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ............................................ 2-6 Measuring Leakage Current.................................................................. 2-7

Ground Leakage Current................................................................... 2-8 Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current ............................................... 2-9

Point-to-Point Measurements................................................................ 2-10 Leakage Current................................................................................ 2-10 Resistance ......................................................................................... 2-10

3 Maintenance and Service ........................................................ 3-1 Maintenance.......................................................................................... 3-3

Avoiding Damage ............................................................................. 3-3 Cleaning............................................................................................ 3-3

Service and Calibration......................................................................... 3-4 Packing Instructions.......................................................................... 3-4 Shipping............................................................................................ 3-5

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iii

List of Tables

Table Title Page

1-1. Symbols ................................................................................................ 1-4 1-2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer ........................................... 1-8 1-3. Standard Accessories ............................................................................ 1-11 1-4. Optional Accessories ............................................................................ 1-12

List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1-1. Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer ................................ 1-7 2-1. Block Diagram of a Typical DUT......................................................... 2-3

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1-1

Chapter 1 Introduction and Specifications

Contents Page

Introduction.................................................................................. 1-3 Simplicity ................................................................................. 1-3 Versatility ................................................................................. 1-3

General Safety Considerations ..................................................... 1-4 Symbols .................................................................................... 1-4 Warnings and Cautions............................................................. 1-4

Key Features ................................................................................ 1-6 Instrument Familiarity.................................................................. 1-7 Specifications ............................................................................... 1-10 Accessories................................................................................... 1-11

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Introduction and Specifications Introduction 1

1-3

Introduction The Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer, hereafter referred to as the “Analyzer”, is a portable instrument used for the evaluating the basic electrical safety of electrical systems, medical devices and physiological instrumentation. Its compact handheld size makes it an ideal addition to a service technician’s or engineer's toolbox for that after-service test, as well as serving as a bench top instrument for the laboratory.

Simplicity

The Analyzer is simple to use. A single master function switch, directly labeled with the test to be performed, leads the user through a complete measurement procedure. A single range meter for each measurement avoids potential erroneous readings.

The Analyzer utilizes simple, yet sophisticated, electronics for true-rms measurement of current and voltage. Input impedance uses the AAMI ES1-1993 or IEC 601-1 test load to compensate for high frequency components in the measurement. Resistance measurements are made with a four-wire Kelvin bridge to eliminate errors due to cable length and connector resistance.

Versatility

Unique to the Analyzer is its capability to make a broad range of point-to-point measurements. These include leakage current and/or voltage gradients and resistance between two points. Thus the Analyzer provides the additional versatility for evaluation of electrical systems, system installation, separate components, transducers, and conventional leakage current measurements.

Note

For point to point measurements, optional accessory cables must be purchased.

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General Safety Considerations This instrument and related documentation must be reviewed for familiarization with safety markings and instructions before you operate the instrument.

Symbols

Table 1-1 describes the symbols used in association with this instrument.

Table 1-1. Symbols

Symbol Description

W Important information; refer to manual.

X Hazardous voltage

Y Hazardous voltage

~ Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste. Go to Fluke’s website for recycling information.

CAT I

IEC Measurement Category I – CAT I equipment designed to protect against transients in equipment on circuits not directly connected to MAINS. Under no circumstances should the terminals of the Analyzer be connected to any MAINS voltage.

Warnings and Cautions

A Warning identifies hazardous conditions and actions that could cause bodily harm or death.

A Caution identifies conditions and actions that could damage the Analyzer, the equipment under test, or cause permanent loss of data.

Introduction and Specifications General Safety Considerations 1

1-5

XW Warning

To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines:

• Disconnect all patient connections before connecting the device to be tested to the analyzer. Continued connection may jeopardize patient safety by possible application of measurement currents.

• Ensure the mains installation current rating is adequate for the device under test to avoid overloading the mains installation.

W Caution

To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, follow these guidelines:

• Perform the dual lead leakage test only with an optional black test lead with the clamp with the red insulation (Fluke Biomedical part numbers 2392448 or 2231563) in the jack labeled DUAL. Using a black test lead with the clamp with the black insulation in the DUAL jack may result in a blown internal fuse and false readings of 000 to 002 µA, requiring the unit to be returned for servicing.

• Ensure that the power requirements for the DUT are within the capabilities of the Analyzer, labeled as 15 A at 120 V ac and 10 A at 240 V ac. The Analyzer requires that adapter cables match the appropriate connector for line voltages other than 120V.

• Do not leave the device under test connected and drawing high load current for extended periods. The Analyzer is not designed for continuous measurements and may overheat.

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• Always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from normal to reverse. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.

Key Features • Power line integrity

• Line voltage

• Instrument current

• Grounding resistance via 4-wire method

• Ground leakage current

• Enclosure (chassis) leakage current

• Voltage gradients

• Device-to-device resistance

• Device-to-device leakage current

• True-rms measurement

Introduction and Specifications Instrument Familiarity 1

1-7

Instrument Familiarity The Analyzer is shown in Figure 1-1, and Table 1-2 describes its labeled components.

GNDCLOSED

175ELECTRICAL SAFETY ANALYZER

DUAL

CHASSIS

NEUTRALCLOSED

OUTLETNORMAL

5

4

6

811

12

103

92

1

V - LINE VOLTSA - CURRENT

- RESISTANCE

µA - GROUNDµA - CHASSIS

µA - DUAL

120 VOLTS 15 AMP

OPEN

OPEN GND

AAMI

REVPOLOUTLET

OK

15A 250VTYPE T

ICE 601

REVERSED

OFF

7

fdx01.eps

Figure 1-1. Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer

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Table 1-2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer

Label Name Function

A Power Cord Supplies power to the Electrical Safety Analyzer and to the device under test (DUT); the measurement circuits are energized when the power cord is plugged into an outlet. There is no on/off switch.

B Outlet Indicators Verify the polarity and wiring of the outlet to which the Analyzer is connected; only correctly wired outlets should be used. Not applicable to isolated power systems

C Test Receptacle Supplies power to the DUT; this outlet is powered if the OUTLET switch is set to NORMAL or REVERSED and the NEUTRAL switch is CLOSED.

D Outlet Switch If in the center off position, there is no power to the device under test receptacle. This switch permits testing with both NORMAL (forward) and REVERSED polarity of the line. It is recommended that the switch be paused in the center OFF position before changing polarity.

W Caution

To avoid possible damage to the switch and to avoid blowing the internal pico fuse, pause the three-position switch in the OFF position.

E Neutral Switch Permits making leakage current measurements under the OPEN condition as required by UL and IEC

F Ground Switch

Permits opening the ground to the device for leakage current measurements

Introduction and Specifications Instrument Familiarity 1

1-9

Table 1.2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer (cont.)

Label Name Function

G Function Switch Provides direct, one-step selection of the measurement to be made

These are line V ac, instrument current, grounding resistance, ground (internal) and chassis (external) leakage currents. A DUAL position is provided to measure leakage current between two points or ground wire resistance between two points.

H Test Load Selection Switch

Selects either AAMI ES-1 1993 or IEC 601-1 input impedance and frequency response of all leakage current measurements

I Display This is a large, ½ inch, high-contrast LCD, 3½-digit display of the measured parameter. This will read up to 1999 with decimal points added where required.

J Fuse Provides the DUT receptacle overload protection

K Chassis Connector

Provides the means for inputting the chassis cable with its clip for connection to the DUT chassis or enclosure

The chassis ground resistance is measured with the FUNCTION switch in the RESISTANCE position, and the chassis leakage current is measured in the CHASSIS position.

L Dual Connector Used to make point-to-point measurements with optional leads available for purchase

For leakage and voltage measurements, the black cable with the clamp with black insulation is attached to the CHASSIS connector, and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation is connected to the DUAL connector. For point-to-point resistance measurements, the black cables with the clamps with black insulation are attached to the DUAL and CHASSIS connectors.

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Specifications The following are specifications for the Analyzer.

Line Voltage Range..................................................................... 90 – 240 V ac 50/60 Hz Accuracy................................................................. ±3 % of reading, ±1 LSD

Load Current Range..................................................................... 0 – 19.99 A Accuracy................................................................. ±5 % of reading, ±1 LSD

Ground Resistance Range..................................................................... 0 – 2.00 Ω Accuracy................................................................. ±1 % of reading, ±1 LSD Range..................................................................... 2.01 – 19.99 Ω Accuracy................................................................. ±3 % of reading, ±1 LSD Current source........................................................ 10 mA dc Type........................................................................ 4-wire bridge

Leakage Current Range..................................................................... 0 – 1999 μA Accuracy:

DC and 25 Hz to 1 kHz....................................... ±1 % of reading, ±3 LSD 1.0 kHz to 100 kHz ............................................. ±2.5 % of reading, ±3 LSD 100 kHz to 1 MHz............................................... ±5 % of reading, ±3 LSD Type measurement ............................................ True rms Impedance.......................................................... 1000 Ω, AAMI ESI 1993, or

1000 Ω, IEC 601-1

Current Capacity Line 90 to 140 V ac ................................................ 15 A; max. on time 10 min Line over 140 V ac ................................................. 10 A

Introduction and Specifications Accessories 1

1-11

Current Consumption ESA 175................................................................. 0.1 A @ 120 V – 60 Hz

Environmental Operating Temperature ......................................... 15 – 40 °C Storage Temperature............................................. -20 – 50 °C Relative Humidity................................................... 80 % max. at temperatures up to

31 °C, decreasing linearly to 50 % at 40 °C

Mains voltage range .............................................. 90 to 240 V ac

Accessories The following are accessories for the Analyzer. To order, contact your Fluke Biomedical equipment dealer and use the Fluke Biomedical part numbers provided. Table 1-3 lists standard accessories shipped with the Analyzer; Table 1-4 lists optional accessories.

Table 1-3. Standard Accessories

Description Quantity Shipped Part Number

Users Guide 1 2185754

8-foot black cable – with large clamp with black insulation

1 2392409

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Table 1-4. Optional Accessories

Description Part Number

8-foot black cable – with large clamp with black insulation (used for dual lead resistance)

2392409

16-foot black cable – with large clamp with black insulation

2392411

8-foot black cable – with large clamp with red insulation

2392448

16-foot black cable – with large clamp with red insulation

2231563

Soft carrying case 2248864

220 V Adapter kit 2185787

2-1

Chapter 2 Operation

Contents Page

Preliminary Steps ......................................................................... 2-3 Preparing the Analyzer for Use ................................................ 2-4 Verifying the Power Outlet Connections.................................. 2-4

Measuring Line Voltage............................................................... 2-5 Measuring Device Current ........................................................... 2-6 Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ................................... 2-6 Measuring Leakage Current ......................................................... 2-7

Ground Leakage Current .......................................................... 2-8 Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current....................................... 2-9

Point-to-Point Measurements....................................................... 2-10 Leakage Current ....................................................................... 2-10 Resistance ................................................................................. 2-10

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Operation Preliminary Steps 2

2-3

Preliminary Steps The Analyzer measures electrical parameters, as described below. These voltages and currents are a natural phenomenon, and their presence within reasonable limits does not constitute a hazard. However, it is necessary to measure their values to determine if there is a significant change from previous measurements or from the device specifications.

Figure 2-1 is a block diagram of a typical line-operated instrument with patient connections. All measured parameters are labeled, and the following topics are keyed to the labels in the diagram.

Hot

Neutral

Ground

Earth

Enclosure

Chassis

120/220VAC

GroundedData andControlCircuits

IsolatedPatientCircuits

IE

IL

ZI

RG

RL

VL

CL

CL

ZL

IC

IA

II IP

fdx02.eps

Figure 2-1. Block Diagram of a Typical DUT

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Preparing the Analyzer for Use

W X Warning

To avoid possible electric shock, burning of the skin, or personal injury to the patient, disconnect all patient connections to the device before starting the following procedure.

Prepare the Analyzer for use as follows:

1. Place the Analyzer's switches in the following starting positions:

FUNCTION switch V- LINE VOLTS

NEUTRAL switch CLOSED

OUTLET switch OFF [center]

2. Plug the Analyzer into a properly rated power outlet.

The Analyzer is equipped with a hospital-grade power plug. Grounding reliability can be achieved only when the Analyzer is connected to an equivalent power receptacle marked "Hospital Grade." Grounding is important for personnel safety and when making some of the tests offered by the Analyzer. Do not circumvent this step for any reason.

Verifying the Power Outlet Connections

Note

Not applicable to isolated power systems.

Three neon lamps indicate the polarity and condition of the outlet being used, as shown in the following chart:

REV ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○

OK ● ○ ○ ○ ● ●

Correct

wiring

Reverse

polarity

Open

ground Open hot

Open

neutral

Hot /

ground

reversed

Operation Measuring Line Voltage 2

2-5

Note

Review all power outlets that do not indicate "correct wiring" and have them corrected by a qualified electrician.

If the line is found faulty, correct the problem before proceeding. If the line checks OK, plug the device to be tested into the Analyzer's line receptacle.

W X Warning

To avoid electrical shock due to faulty DUT, DO NOT touch the metal chassis, any accessible conductive part, or terminal of the DUT with mains power applied until all applicable tests have been completed and the product is verified as compliant. Keep fingers behind guards on supplied test accessories and/or remove power from the DUT before making necessary connections.

Measuring Line Voltage Line Voltage [VL] is the mains power supplied by the electrical distribution system of the hospital. It is a three-wire system of HOT, NEUTRAL, and GROUND, with NEUTRAL, like GROUND, returned to true earth at their entry into the building.

The Analyzer measurement is made between the HOT and NEUTRAL wires via transformer coupling to isolate the measuring circuits from the line. As recommended, measurement of the line voltage with the DUT OFF and then ON indicates whether the line is adequate for the device.

To measure line voltage:

1. From the recommended start position, with the FUNCTION switch in the V - LINE VOLTS position, observe that the meter displays the line voltage with a resolution of one volt.

V - LINE VOLTS

A - CURRENT - RESISTANCE

µA - GROUNDµA - CHASSISµA - DUAL

fdx03.eps

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2. With the OUTLET switch in the NORMAL position and the DUT turned on, the meter continues to display line voltage, but under the load of the device being tested. Depending on the device's operating current and the electrical supply wiring, the voltage differential may be significant.

3. Check the value under load against the device's ratings to ensure that the actual value remains within prescribed limits. An excessive drop may indicate that the current carrying capacity of the line is insufficient to maintain the required voltage.

Measuring Device Current Device, or Instrument, Current [IL] is the current used by the DUT. When turned on, the device should be operated in its various modes to determine the worst condition to track. Verify that the current of the DUT is within the current rating of the Analyzer being used.

Measurement is made in the HOT wire via transformer coupling to ensure that the total current is measured, as it is possible that the NEUTRAL and GROUND wire could share the return path.

To measure device current:

1. Switch the FUNCTION switch to A - CURRENT. The meter displays the device's current to 19.99 A.

2. Place the OUTLET switch in the NORMAL position; the NEUTRAL switch remains in the CLOSED position.

3. Turn on the device and place it in its maximum load condition to obtain the proper reading.

4. Log this data to note changes in values that indicate early problems.

Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance

Note

This test is only applicable to devices utilizing three-wire (grounded) power cords.

Ground Wire Resistance [RG] (chassis grounding resistance) is the resistance from the device's conductive grounded chassis to the grounding terminal on the receptacle into which it is plugged. The resistance is largely composed of

Operation Measuring Leakage Current 2

2-7

the GROUND wire in the power cable and is directly proportional to its length.

XW Warning

To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, run this test before any other test that might place potentially hazardous voltages and currents on the chassis of a miswired or broken device.

To measure chassis grounding resistance:

1. Connect the standard cable (supplied with unit) that has a black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector on the front panel of the Analyzer.

2. Clamp the clip of the cable to the DUT exposed chassis or the enclosure, if conductive. Resistance is measured between the clip on the black chassis cable and the grounding pin receptacle of the Analyzer.

Ensure that bare metal is reached and that both jaws of the clip are in contact with the chassis. Metal labels or incidental conductive hardware should not be used for this test.

If a non-conducting enclosure is used and no chassis is readily accessible, a safety ground terminal can be used.

3. Once connection is made, rotate the FUNCTION switch to Ω - RESISTANCE and read its value directly from the meter in ohms, up to 19.99 Ω.

Note

The OUTLET switch should be in the OFF (center) position for this measurement.

Measuring Leakage Current Leakage current is the flow of current through or over the surface of an insulating material or insulator. For example, if a person comes in contact with an operational device, leakage current is the amount of current that flows from the point where the person came in contact with the device product, through the person’s body, and back to ground. Measurement of leakage current is required on all mains power products.

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Ground Leakage Current

Ground Leakage Current [IE] (internal chassis current) is the current that flows in the ground wire of the power cable to return the chassis leakage current to true earth ground. It is only applicable to devices utilizing three-wire (grounded) power cords.

This current does not constitute a hazard as long as the ground wire remains intact and the current does not become excessive. Leakage current is due to the proximity of the hot wire or line potential components to the chassis represented by ZL, a combination of capacitance, CL, and resistance, RL, components.

Note

The connection is made internally in the Analyzer, so no external connectors are required for this test.

To measure ground leakage current:

1. Set the FUNCTION switch to GROUND. The leakage current is displayed in microamperes, up to 1999 µA.

2. Make measurements under all combinations of the OUTLET switch, NORMAL and REVERSE; the NEUTRAL switch CLOSED and OPEN; and with the device power turned ON and OFF. Power to the outlet is OFF when the NEUTRAL switch is in the OPEN position.

W Caution

To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.

Operation Measuring Leakage Current 2

2-9

Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current

Chassis [Enclosure] Leakage Current [IC] flows between the accessible conductive chassis or enclosure and earth (ground) measured through a 1,000 Ω impedance.

The Analyzer measures chassis leakage from the exposed metal part on the DUT, through the black cable and the selected load, back to the ground.

To measure chassis leakage current:

1. Connect the standard cable (supplied with unit) that has a black cable with the clamp that has black insulation to the CHASSIS connector on the front of the Analyzer.

1. Clamp the clip on the cable to access conductive sections of the chassis and the enclosure. Metal labels or incidental conductive hardware are not applicable for this test.

If a non-conducting enclosure is used, present standards require connection to the enclosure via a 200 cm² conductive foil in intimate contact with the enclosure. This can be accomplished with a 14 X 14 cm (5.5 X 5.5 in) piece of aluminum foil taped to the surface and the cable clipped to the foil.

2. To make the measurement, place the FUNCTION switch in the CHASSIS position and read the display in microamperes.

4. Make measurements under all combinations of the OUTLET switch, NORMAL and REVERSE; the GROUND switch CLOSED and OPEN; the NEUTRAL switch CLOSED and OPEN; and with the device power turned ON and OFF. Power to the outlet is OFF when the NEUTRAL switch is in the OPEN position.

W Caution

To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.

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Point-to-Point Measurements The Analyzer provides the capability of making point-to-point leakage current resistance measurements between selected points, otherwise known as a dual-lead measurement.

Note

Additional optional accessory cables must be purchased to perform these tests.

Leakage Current

Leakage Current between two points is also measured for permanently installed equipment as additional verification of the integrity of the installation. These measurements are equivalent, as the relationship between volts and current across 1,000 Ω is one mV per µA.

To measure leakage current between two points:

1. Isolate the measurement circuit from ground; do not plug any device into the Analyzer's receptacle.

2. Connect the black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation to the DUAL connector.

3. Set the FUNCTION switch in the DUAL position.

4. Clip the two cables to the two points for which the leakage current is to be measured. The meter displays the leakage current between the two points to 1999 μA. The number displayed is also the voltage gradient in millivolts between the two points based on a volt meter with an input impedance of 1000 Ω.

Resistance

Resistance measurements between two points are made to verify the integrity of permanently installed equipment whose ground cannot be broken to measure the chassis leakage current. These are usually high-power devices that can have high leakage currents and depend on the bonding of all chassis to a common point for safety.

Operation Point-to-Point Measurements 2

2-11

To measure resistance between two points:

1. Disconnect any device attached to the Analyzer instrument receptacle.

2. Turn off any electrical devices to be tested.

3. Connect two black cables with clamps with black insulation to the CHASSIS and DUAL connectors, and clip onto the two points to be measured.

4. Set the FUNCTION switch to Ω - RESISTANCE, and the display will show the resistance between the two points.

5. To compensate for possible dc components in the leakage current flowing between the two points, reverse the two clips and average the readings.

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3-1

Chapter 3 Maintenance and Service

Contents Page

Maintenance................................................................................. 3-3 Avoiding Damage .................................................................... 3-3 Cleaning ................................................................................... 3-3

Service and Calibration................................................................ 3-4 Packing Instructions ................................................................. 3-4 Shipping ................................................................................... 3-5

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Maintenance and Service Maintenance 3

3-3

Maintenance The Analyzer requires little maintenance or special care; however, it is a calibrated measuring instrument and should be treated as such. The following describes how to maintain the Analyzer.

Avoiding Damage

Do not drop the instrument or subject it to any mechanical abuse that could cause a shift in the calibrated settings.

W Caution

To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, do not expose the system to temperature extremes. Ambient temperatures should remain between 15° C and 40° C.

Cleaning

Clean the exterior of the Analyzer occasionally with a cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Take care to keep liquids out of the device.

W Caution

To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, clean it only with a clean, lint-free cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Do not spray liquids on or immerse the unit.

Carefully wipe down the cables and inspect them for damage and deterioration of the insulation. Check the cable connections for integrity of the cable clamp and strain relief.

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Service and Calibration If your new Analyzer fails to operate successfully, please contact Fluke Biomedical Service Center immediately, as indicated under Warranty and Product Support.

W Caution

To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, allow only qualified technical personnel to service the Analyzer.

Annual calibration of the Analyzer by an authorized Fluke Biomedical Service Center is recommended. Fluke Biomedical Service Centers have the appropriate tools and procedures for performing calibrations as well as factory-authorized updates.

International customers should contact their Fluke Biomedical dealers for service/product support.

To obtain the name of your local dealer or service center, contact Fluke Biomedical as indicated under Return Procedures, Repair and Calibration.

Packing Instructions

If repairs are required, return the Analyzer to the factory or the nearest service center, as follows:

1. Before returning the Analyzer for factory service, contact the Fluke Biomedical Service Center for a required Return Authorization Number.

2. Provide the following information:

• The Analyzer serial number

• The specific steps that reproduce the problem

• A daytime phone number

• Your name/company

• A fax number (if available)

3. Pack the instrument carefully, using the original packing materials. If the original packing materials are not available, refer to Return Procedure” for a list of preferred materials or contact Fluke Biomedical for

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3-5

replacement packing. Failure to pack the instrument properly could void your warranty.

Shipping

1. Place the Return Authorization Number in a prominent place on the outside of the packing box, and refer to the number in any correspondence with Fluke Biomedical Service.

2. Enclose your return address and Return Authorization Number.

3. Insure the unit for full retail value and ship to the nearest Fluke Biomedical service center.

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Appendices

Appendix Title Page

A Abbreviations............................................................................... A-1

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Appendix A Abbreviations

Abbreviations The following list includes abbreviations used in this document.

A ampere

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AAMI Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

BLU blue (color)

BPM beats per minute

dB decibel

°C degrees Celsius (centigrade)

CQM Contact Quality Monitor

DMM digital multimeter

DUT device under test

EEPROM electrically erasable PROM

ECG electrocardiograph or electrocardiogram

ESU Electrosurgery Unit

EUT equipment under test

°F degrees Fahrenheit

GRA gray (color)

GRN green (color)

Hz hertz

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in inch

J Joules

k kilo (103)

kg kilogram

kHz kilohertz

kΩ kilohm

lb pound

LED light-emitting diode

LCD liquid crystal display

M meg(a) (106)

MHz megahertz

MΩ megohm

m meter

m milli (10-3)

mA milliampere

mm millimeter

mV millivolt

p-p peak-to-peak

REM Return Electrode Monitor

s second

YEL yellow (color)

μ micro (10-6)

μA microampere

μV microvolt

Ω ohm