Manual Firewall Pfsense

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NAVOMAMJ\C@NÔJ LM GNTM[COO @IJ VGPMJPM

Vit

[noamt Ctomr @cp|tnooôj

Kt}vi

02336

Njp|t}`|it

Ac}tn`ni It|nx

@mj|ti lm pmtwn`nip ~ kmp|nðj mavtmpctnc

\m`jðoiki mj clanjnp|tc`nðj lm tmlmp

Pmjc

Amlmooáj

4633



3

Nj|til}``nðj

Mj mp|m |tcdchi omp lctî c ìji`mt `ðai navomamj|ct ~ ìjgnk}tct }jc gntm{coo ìj vgpmjpm*

Vgpmjpm mp }jc lnp|tnd}`nðj vmtpijconxclc lm GtmmDPL clcv|cli vctc p} }pi ìai Gntm{coo ~

Ti}|mt* Pm `ctc`|mtnxc vit pmt lm `ðlnki cdnmt|i/ v}mlm pmt njp|cocli mj }jc ktcj wctnmlcl lmitlmjclitmp/ ~ clmaãp `}mj|c ìj }jc nj|mtgcx {md pmj`nooc vctc p} ìjgnk}tc`nðj

]j gntm{coo mp }jc vct|m lm }j pnp|mac i }jc tml s}m mp|ã lnpmóclc vctc dois}mct mo c``mpi ji

c}|itnxcli/ vmtan|nmjli co anpai |nmavi ìa}jn`c`nijmp c}|itnxclcp* Pm |tc|c lm }j

lnpvipn|nwi i ìjh}j|i lm lnpvipn|nwip ìjgnk}tclip vctc vmtan|nt/ onan|ct/ `ngtct/ lmp`ngtct/ mo

|tãgnì mj|tm oip lngmtmj|mp ãadn|ip pidtm oc dcpm lm }j ìjh}j|i lm jitacp ~ i|tip `tn|mtnip*



4

Gntm{coo mj Vgpmjpm

@iai oi bcdác ln`bi cj|mtnitamj|m mj oc nj|til}``nðj Vgpmjpm mj }j pnp|mac dcpcli mj

GtmmDPL s}m ~c wnmjm ìj }j pig|{ctm mrvon`n|i vctc pmk}tnlcl njgitaã|n`c*

Cj|mp s}m |ili lmdmaip lm njp|coct j}mp|ti Vgpmjpm* Vctc lmp`ctkc Vgpmjpm oi v}mlmp bc`mt c|tcwîp lm mp|ip onjep8 b||v8)){{{*gomrna}p*itk)anttit)vgpmjpm)li{joiclp /

b||v8))gnomp*jo*vgpmjpm*itk)anttit)li{joiclp) ~

g|v8))tmgom`|nij*j`pc*}n}`*ml})v}d)vgPmjpm)li{joiclp * Vctc pcdmt oip tms}mtnanmj|ip

aájnaip lm bctl{ctm cj|mp lm njp|coct vilmaip nt co pnk}nmj|m onje8

b||v8)){{{*vgpmjpm*itk)njlmr*vbv9iv|nij1ìaYìj|mj|'|cpe1wnm{'nl1<='N|manl1<2 *

Ji|c8 Mp jm`mpctni |mjmt aãp lm }jc nj|mtgcx lm tml mj oc aãs}njc s}m pm wc c njp|coct Vgpmjpm*

Mj mo |tcp`}tpi lm oc njp|coc`nðj pm v}mlm ìjgnk}tct ocp lntm``nijmp nv lm ocp nj|mtgc`mp c }pct*

Mj mp|m onje omp lmhi ìai njp|coct Vgpmjpm8b||vp8))pn|mp*kiikom*ìa)c)|mtanj}pvti*ìa)nj|mtjm|)acj}comp)njp|coc`nij!lm!vgpmjpm *

Mj j}mp|ti `cpi pconaip c nj|mtjm| c |tcwîp lm oc lntm``nðj nv 36*3*3*0/ ln`bc lntm``nðj mp

cpnkjclc vit j}mp|ti vtiwmmlit lm pmtwn`nip*

Ji|c8 \ilc mp|c navomamj|c`nðj pm bc`m c |tcwîp lm wnt|}co dir ~ oc s}m bc`m p}vijmt j}mp|tc

tml [CJ pmtnc oc acs}njc tmco* Wnt|}co dir am vmtan|m |mjmt wctncp aãs}njcp ìai pn g}mtcj

tmcomp*

MP@MJCTNI C \TCDCHCT

http://www.fleximus.org/mirror/pfsense/downloads


http://files.nl.pfsense.org/mirror/downloads/

ftp://reflection.ncsa.uiuc.edu/pub/pfSense/downloads


http://www.pfsense.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=45&Itemid=48


https://sites.google.com/a/terminuspro.com/internet/manuales/instalacion-de-pfsense





http://files.nl.pfsense.org/mirror/downloads/




0

Njktmpcaip c |tcwîp lmo jcwmkclit {md lmplm oc [CJ ìj lntm``nðj nv s}m g}m cpnkjclc vit

lb`v* Mj mp|m `cpi pm v}mlm wmt oc lntm``nðj nv lm Vgpmjpm s}m g}m cpnkjclc vit lb`v mj oc

nackmj pnk}nmj|m* Co njktmpct jip pcoltã mo pn|ni clanjnp|tc|nwi lmo Vgpmjpm*

C ìj|nj}c`nðj jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Nj|mtgc`mpvctc wmtngn`ct `}cj|cp nj|mtgc`mp |nmjm oc

aãs}njc lm Vgpmjpm* Mj mp|m `cpi |mjmaip |tmp nj|mtgc`mp ~ pm bc`mj oocact [CJ/ OCJ ~ LAX*

@clc }jc lm moocp pnkjngn`c8

OCJ8 Tml oi`co*

[CJ8 Nj|mtjm|*

LAX8 Xijc lmpanon|ctnxcli/ s}m mp lijlm |mjmaip j}mp|tip pmtwn`nip vødonìp*

Mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m pm v}lm còctct oi lm ocp nj|mtgc`mp mj mo Vgpmjpm*



<

@tmct tmkocp lm jc|mi

Mrnp|mj lip òcpmp lm tmkocp lm jc|mi s}m pij8

Tmkocp lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK8 S}m pij ocp am vmtan|mj tmlntm``nijct mo |tãgnì s}m wnmjm

vctc oip pmtwn`nip s}m mp|ãj v}don`clip mj oc LAX vctc s}m oip lm i|tcp tmlmp c``mlcj c mooip*

Mhmavoi8 @}cjli lmplm oc tml [CJ s}nmtc c``mlmt co pn|ni {md lm oc mavtmpc lmdm c``mlmt c

|tcwîp lm oc lntm``nðj vødon`c ~ `}cjli mo Vgpmjpm |nmjm }jc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj vtmti}|njk s}m

ln`m |ili oi s}m wmjkc vit oc nj|mtgcx [CJ ~ |mjkc ìai lmp|nji mo pmtwnlit {md oi

tmlntm``nijm c oc lntm``nðj nv lmo pmtwnlit {md s}m mp|ã mj oc LAX*

Tmkocp lm jc|mi mj VIP\TI]J\NJK8 S}m pij ocp s}m am vmtan|mj mjacp`ctct oc tml ocj ìj

oc lntm``nðj nv v}don`c vctc s}m oip ms}nvip lm oc tml ocj v}mlcj c``mlmt c nj|mtjm| vit amlni

lmo mjacp`ctcanmj|i lm oc lntm``nðj vødon`c*

Ji|c8 ìai ji |mjmaip }jc lntm``nðj vødon`c oi s}m bc`maip mp s}m lmplm }jc aãs}njc s}m

|mjkc pconlc c nj|mtjm| ìai oi mp oc acs}njc tmco ~c s}m |nmjm }j NPV s}m om dtnjlc pconlc c

nj|mtjm|* Mo NVP |nmjm }j pmtwn`ni LB@V ìj lntm``nijcanmj|i vtnwcli s}m mp 36*3*3*6 ~ ~c mp|ã

ìjgnk}tcli vctc s}m ln`bc tml v}mlc pcont c nj|mtjm|* Vit mpi mp s}m ìoi`caip ìai

lntm``nðj v}don`c }jc lntm``nðj nv vtnwclc oc `}co g}m cpnkjclc vit mo LB@V lmo NPV*

^c |mjnmjli òctcamj|m s}m pij ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi wcaip c vti`mlmt oc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj

VIP\TI]\NJK* Jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Gntm{coo ~ lcaip òn` mj oc iv`nðj JC\*



=

Mj Vgpmjpm ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi pm bc`mj oocact lm i|tc gitac* Vctc `tmct oc tmkoc lm

VIP\TI]\NJK lmdmaip nt c oc vmp|cóc I}|di}jl* O}mki lm mp|ct cooá pmom``nijcaip oc

pmk}jlc iv`nðj s}m cvctm`m ~ om lcaip òn` mj Pcwm* @}cjli om lcaip òn` mj Pcwm

c}|iaã|n`camj|m mo Vgpmjpm kmjmtc oc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VIP\TI]\NJK* Oc tmkoc pm idpmtwc co

gnjco lm oc nackmj mj }j tm`}clti tihi* Ln`bi vti`mlnanmj|i pm v}mlm wmt òctcamj|m mj oc

nackmj pnk}nmj|m*



7

O}mki lm |mjmt j}mp|tc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VIP\TI]\NJK ji lntnknaip bc`nc }j ms}nvi lmj|ti

lm oc tml OCJ vctc vti`mlmt bc`mt vt}mdcp* Oc vt}mdc `}cjli oc tmkoc lm jc|mi mp mj

VIP\TI]\NJK mp wmtngn`ct s}m oip ms}nvip lm oc tml OCJ v}lm pcont c nj|mtjm|*

Mj oc pnk}nmj|m nackmj pm a}mp|tc }j ms}nvi ìj }j lntm``nijcanmj|i nv vtnwcli/ oi `}co

s}nmtm lm`nt s}m mp }j ms}nvi lm oc OCJ* Mp|m ms}nvi mp|ã aij|cli mj }j pnp|mac ivmtc|nwi

@mj|ip*

Mj mo ms}nvi cdtnaip mo jcwmkclit m njktmpcaip c oc vãknjc lm kiikom ~ d}p`caip coki mj

kiikom* Mj oc nackmj pm a}mp|tc ìji mo ms}nvi pn mp|ã pconmjli c nj|mtjm| mp|i s}nmtm lm`nt

s}m oc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VIP\TI]\NJK pn mp|ã g}j`nijcjli ìttm`|camj|m*



;

C ìj|nj}c`nðj vti`mlmaip c `tmct ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK/ s}m am wcj c

vmtan|nt mj tmlntm``nijcanmj|i lm v}mt|ip* Jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Vit| Git{ctl~ lcaip

òn` mj mo `}cltn|i s}m cvctm`mj ìj }j pnkji %/ vctc mavmxct c `tmct ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi mj

VTMTI]\NJK*

@tmctmaip vtnamti oc tmkoc lm VTMTI]\NJK vctc mo pmtwn`ni B\\VP s}m pmtác j}mp|ti pn|ni {md

pmk}ti s}m mp|ã mj oc LAX*

Vctãam|tip c ìjgnk}tct pm a}mp|tc mj oc pnk}nmj|m nackmj* ^ lijlm ln`m JC\ NV mp oc nv c

lijlm s}mtmaip lntm``nijct mo |tcgnì B\\VP/ s}m pmtác oc nv lmo pmtwnlit {md mj oc LAX ~

lcaip òn` mj Pcwm*



2

O}mki lm bc`mt mo vcpi cj|mtnit oip pcoltã }jc nackmj ìai oc s}m pm a}mp|tc c ìj|nj}c`nðj

s}m ìj|nmjm oc tmkoc ~ jip pcom }j clwmt|mj`nc s}m lmdmaip lm cvon`ct oip `cadnip/ mj|ij`mp

lcaip òn` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp ~ j}mp|tc tmkoc pmtã cvon`clc*

@iai oi lnhm cj|mtnit ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]J\NK am wcj vmtan|nt tmlntm``nijct mo

|tãgnì lm }j pmtwn`ni bc`nc }j ms}nvi mpvm`ngnì* Lmplm oc acs}njc tmco s}m bc`m vct|m lm oc

tml [CJ wcaip c c``mlmt co pn|ni {md vødonì lm pm mj`}mj|tc mj oc LAX* Vctc njktmpct co pn|ni

{md lmdmaip lm njktmpct ìj oc lntm``nðj nv vødon`c* Ln`bc vm|n`nðj wc lntnknlc co Vgpmjpm ~

ìai `tmcaip }jc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK vctc mo vti|iìoi B\\VP oi s}m wc bc`mt mo

Vgpmjpm mp tmlntm``nijctoi bc`nc pmtwnlit {md*

Mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m vilmaip wmt òctcamj|m c``mlnaip c |tcwîp lm oc nv v}don`c co pn|ni

{md s}m pm mj`}mj|tc mj oc LAX*



>

Cbitc vctc ìjgntac s}m pn mp|caip njktmpcjli co pn|ni {md clm`}cli jip lntnknaip bc`nc mo

pmtwnlit {md/ onp|caip mo lntm``nijcanmj|i nv vctc ìavtidct s}m pn mp|ã lmj|ti lm }j lm }j

tmjki vtnwcli*

O}mki lm pcdmt oc lntm``nðj nv lmo pmtwnlit {md vti`mlmaip c c``mlmt co pn|ni {md lmplm oc

anpac acs}njc* Vctc mooi cdtnaip mo jcwmkclit ~ mj|tcaip ìai

b||vp8))lntm``nijnvlmopmtwnlit{md * @}cjli c``mlcaip co pn|ni {md jip lmdm cvctm`mt mo

anpai ìj|mjnli s}m `}cjli c``mlnaip lmplm oc tml [CJ* Pn mo ìj|mjnli mp mo anpai octmkoc pm VTMTI]\NJK pm mp|ã cvon`cjli ìttm`|camj|m* Mj oc nackmj c ìj|nj}c`nðj pm cgntac

oi cj|mtnit*

https://direccionipdelservidorweb/





36

Cbitc `tmctmaip i|tc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK* Jip lntnknaip lm j}mwi c oc vmp|cóc

Vit| Git{ctl ~ lcaip òn` mj mo `}cltn|i ìj mo pnkji %*

Mj mp|c i`cpnðj oc tmkoc lm jc|mi pmtã vctc mo pmtwnlit LJP* Vctc `tmct oc tmkoc lm jc|mi vctc mo

pmtwnlit LJP oip vctãam|tip c oomjct pij oip s}m pm a}mp|tcj mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m/ o}mki lm

oomjct oip vctãam|tip lcaip òn` mj Pcwm*

Lcaip òn` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp vctc cvon`ct oip `cadnip ~ vilmt cvon`ct oc tmkoc vctc mo mtwnlit

LJP*



33

Vctc wmtngn`ct oc tmkoc jip wcaip vctc mo ms}nvi s}m vmt|mjm`m c oc tml [CJ ~ cdtnaip oc

ìjpioc @AL ~c s}m mj mp|m `cpi mo ms}nvi s}m vmt|mjm`m c oc tml [CJ |nmjm }j pnp|mac

ivmtc|nwi [njli{p ;* Mj oc ìjpioc @AL lnkn|caip s}m pm wmj mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m ~ mp|ãj

mj }j tm`}clti tihi* @}cjli wc~caip c lct mo ìacjli pmtwmt lmdmaip lm ìoi`ct oc

lntm``nðj nv lm oc s}m pm bc`m vcpct vit lntm``nðj vødon`c mj mp|m `cpi 36*3*3*0 s}m mp oc

lntm``nðj nv s}m |nmjm mj Vgpmjpm* Pn jip tmp}mowm ìttm`|camj|m mp vits}m oc tmkoc pm mp|ã

cvon`cjli dnmj* Pn vilmaip wmt mj oc nackmj `}cjli tmpiowmaip }j jiadtm îo jip wc c

aip|tct oc lntm``nðj nv ~ mo jiadtm lmo pmtwnlit lmo pmtwnlit LJP*

Wcaip c tmconxct oi anpai vctc `tmct oc tmkoc lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK vctc mo pmtwnlit PA\V

s}m pmtác mo pmtwnlit lm ìttmi s}m mp|ã mj oc LAX* Jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Vit| Git{ctl ~

lcaip òn` mj mo tm`}clti ìj mo pnkji% s}m cvctm`m co gnjco*



34

Oip vctãam|tip c oomjct vctc oc tmkoc lm jc|mi vctc mo pmtwnlit PA\V pm a}mp|tcj mj oc

pnk}nmj|m nackmj* O}mki lm oomjct oip vctãam|tip k}ctlcaip oip `cadnip*



30

Lcaip òn` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp vctc cvon`ct oi `cadnip mj oc tmkocp lm jc|mi*

Lmplm mo ms}nvi s}m pm mj`}mj|tc mj oc [CJ mj|tcaip c oc ìjpioc @AL ~ wcaip c tmconxct }j

|mojm| vctc wmtngn`ct s}m pn bcooc }j pmtwnlit lm ìttmi ~ pn pm mp|î tmlntm``nijcjli co pmtwnlit

lm ìttmi* ]|nonxcaip mo ìacjli ìai oi a}mp|tc oc nackmj* Vctãam|tip8

\mojm|8 ìacjli c mhm`}|ct

36*3*3*08 lntm``nðj nv lmo pmtwnlit PA\V " Mp|c mp oc lntm``nðj vødon`c s}m `}cjli mj vgpmjpm

tm`ndc oc vm|n`nðj PA\V oc tmlntm``nijm c oc nv 3>4*372*366*36.*

4=8 v}mt|i lmo pmtwnlit PA\V*

Pn |ili mp|ã dnmj jip lmdm cvctm`mt coki cpá ìai mj oc nackmj* \cadnîj mhm`}|m mo ìacjli

s}m mj }j tm`}clti tihi vctc cpmk}tctam s}m mo pmtwnlit lm ìttmi mp|m g}j`nijcjli*



3<

C ìj|nj}c`nðj wcaip c vti`mlmt c tmconxct oi anpai s}m bmaip wmjnli bc`nmjli vmti mp|c

wmx pmtã vctc mo pmtwnlit VIV0* Jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Vit| git{ctl~ lcaip òn` mj mo

`}cltn|i ìj mo pnkji %*

Oomjcaip oip `cavip lm nk}co acjmtc s}m pm a}mp|tc mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m vctc kmjmtct oc

tmkoc lm jc|mi vctc mo pmtwnlit VIV0 ~ k}ctlcaip*



3=

Cvon`caip oip `cadnip mj ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi*

Lm j}mwi jip lntnknaip c oc aãs}njc s}m mp|ã mj oc [CJ ~ cdtnaip oc ìjpioc @AL ~

mhm`}|caip mo ìacjli |mojm| 36*3*3*0 336* Ln`bi ìacjli oi mrvons}m cj|mtnitamj|m*



37

Pn |ili mp|ã dnmj jip lmdm cvctm`mt oi anpai s}m pm wm mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m*

@tmct tmkocp mj mo gntm{coo

@iai oi lnhm cj|mtnit mj oc nj|til}``nðj }j gntm{coo mp momamj|i lmj|ti lm }jc tml lnpmóclc

vctc dois}mct c``mpip ji c}|itnxclip* ]ji lm oip ìt|cg}mkip acp }|nonxclip mj mo gntm{coo lm

gno|tcli lm vcs}m|mp*

]j gntm{coo |nmjm ìai g}j`nðj lmjmkct i vmtan|nt c``mpip*

Mj mp|c i`cpnðj wcaip c navomamj|ct }j gntm{coo mj vgpmjpm* Mj pn|ni {md s}m |tcm vgpmjpm

vctc clanjnp|tct wcaip c oc vmp|cóc Gntm{coo ~ pmom``nijcaip oc iv`nðj T}omp vctc mavmxct c`tmct tmkocp lm gno|tclit lm vcs}m|mp*

Pmom``nijcaip oc vmp|cóc [CJ vctc mavmxct c `tmct tmkocp lmo |tcgnì lm wnmjm lmplm

nj|mtjm|* @}cjli pmom``nijcaip mp|c vmp|cóc jip wcj c cvctm`mt }jcp tmkocp s}m g}mtij



3;

`tmclcp c}|iaã|n`camj|m `}cjli mp|ãdcaip `tmcli ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi mj VTMTI]\NJK* Oc

vtnamtc tmkoc mj mp|m `cpi mp oc vit lmgm`|i ~ mp|c mj vmtan|nt |ili vmti acp clmocj|m oc

wcaip c ìoi`ct mj lmjmkct vit lmgm`|i ~ jclc acp pm wc c`mv|ct mo |tcgnì lm ocp tmkocp s}m

mp|îj vmtan|nlcp mrvoá`n|camj|m*

Pn ìoi`caip oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i mj lmjmkct oc lmdmaip lm ìoi`ct vtnamti vctc s}m ocp i|tcp

tmkocp lm gno|tcli lm vcs}m|mp mp|ãj mj c`mv|ct pm `}avocj*

Mp|i jip cbitti |tcdchi ~c s}m vgpmjpm oc tmìji`m ìai pn ocp tmkocp s}m jc|mi mj

VTMTI]\NJK s}m wnmjm lmplm oc [CJ bc`nc oc LAX pij oip øjnìp c``mpip s}m wc c vmtan|nt mo

gntm{coo lmplm oc [C*

Cbitc oi s}m bctmaip mj `tmct }jc tmkoc vctc aip|tct ìai pm `tmcj* Oc tmkoc c `tmct wc bc`mt

vctc c``mlmt lmplm oc [CJ c |tcwîp lmo vti|iìoi B\\V mo c``mpi co pn|ni {md lm

clanjnp|tc`nðj lmo vgpmjpm* Vctc `tmct oc tmkoc pioi dcp|c ìj lct òn` mj mo `}cltn|i s}m

ìj|nmjm }j pnkji % mj oc vct|m njgmtnit lmtm`bc co gnjco*

Oip vctãam|tip c ìjgnk}tct vctc vmtan|nt mo c``mpi co pn|ni {md lm clanjnp|tc`nðj lmo vgpmjpmc |tcwîp lmo vti|iìoi B\\V pm a}mp|tcj mj oc pnk}nmj|m nackmj*



32

O}mki lm tmconxct mo vcpi cj|mtnit ~ bcdmt k}ctlcli jip wc c vctm`mt }jc nackmj `ij oc

pnk}nmj|m lijlm wcaip c lct `on` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp vctc s}m oip `cadnip pmcj cvon`clip* Co

cvon`ct oip `cadnip jip wc c cvctm`mt oc tmkoc `tmclc co gnjco*



3>

C ìj|nj}c`nij vti`mlmtmaip c dittct oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i s}m mp|c mj vmtan|nt |ili mo |tcgnì*

Vctc mooi `b}omcaip oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i ~ co gtmj|m cvctm`m }j `}cltn|i ìj oc om|tc R/ dcp|c

ìj pioi lct òn` coon onp|i*



46

O}mki lm bc`mt mo vcpi cj|mtnit lcaip `on` mj Cvvo~ `cbjkmp vctc cvon`ct oip `cadnip lm ocp

tmkocp*



43

Vti`mlmaip c `tmct oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i mj lmjmkct |ili/ ln`bc tmkoc bc~ s}m `tmctoc co gnjco*

Vctc `tmct oc tmkoc ~ s}m s}mlm co gnjco lcaip òn` mj mo `}cltn|i ìj mo pnkji % s}m cvctm`m co

gnjco lm oc nackmj mj oc vct|m njgmtnit lmtm`bc*

Oip vctcam|tip vctc ìjgnk}tct oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i mj lmjmkct |ili pm a}mp|tc mj oc

pnk}nmj|mp lip naãkmjmp ~ co gnjc lcaip òn` mj Pcwm*



44

Vctc cvon`ct oip `cadnip mj ocp tmkocp lcaip `on` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp*



40

Vti`mlmaip c tmonxct }jc vt}mdc/ mj mp|m `cpi wcaip c tmconxct oc vt}dm ìj }j vnjk* Jip

lntnknaip c oc acs}njc tmco s}m bc`m vct|m lm oc tml [CJ/ cdtnaip oc ìjpioc @AL ~ onp|caip

oc ìjgnk}tc`nij nv lm oc acs}njc*

^c pcdnmjli oc nv lm oc acs}njc wcaip c lctom vnjk c oc lntm``nij nv v}don`c s}m |nmjm mj

vgpmjpm*

Ji|c8 Tm`}mtlmj s}m oc oocacaiip nv v}don`c c ln`bc nv vit s}m c|tcwmp lm mpc mp s}m pconaip

c nj|mtjm| ~ ln`bc nv pcom c nj|mtjm| ktc`ncp co NPV*

Mj oc pnk}nmj|m nackmj mo vnjk mp gtc`cxcli ~c s}m ji bc~ }jc tmkoc mj mo gntm{coo s}m vmtan|c

s}m om bckcj vnjk co vgpmjpm*



4<

Cbitc oi s}m wcaip bc`mt mp c vmtan|nt mo vnjk lmplm oc [CJ bc`nc mj vgpmjpm* Vctc mooi jip

lntnknaip c pn|ni {md clanjnp|tc|nwi lmo vgpmjpm ~ jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc Gntm{coo ~

pmom``nijcaip T}omp*

Cbitc lcaip `on` mj mo `}cltn|i s}m |nmjm mo pnkji % co vtnj`nvni s}m mp|c }dn`cli mj oc vct|m

p}vmtnit lmtm`bc ~ mp|c mj`mttcli mj }j `}clti tihi vctc cóclnt oc tmkoc s}m vmtan|c mo vnjk*



4=

Vctc vmtan|nt mo vnjk lmplm oc tml [CJ oomjcaip oip vctma|tip `iai oi a}mp|tc ocp lip

nackmjmp pnk}nmj|mp ~ lcaip `on` mj Pcwm*



47

Pmom``nijcaip Cvvo~ `bcjkmp vctc cvon`ct oip `cadnip m`bip mj ocp tmkocp*

Jip lntnknaip lm j}mwi c oc acs}njc tmco vctc wiowmt c tmconxct oc vt}mdc lmo vnjk* Pn vilmaip

wmt mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m mo vnjk mp pc|npgc`|itni mpi s}nmtm lm`nt s}m oc tmkoc lm pn mp|c

cvon`cjli*



4;

Cbitc wcaip c vti`mlmt c `tmct tmkocp mj oc LAX/ jip lntnknaip c oc vmp|cóc LAX* Oi vtnamti

s}m wcaip c tmconxct mp mln|ct s}m tmkoc s}m wnmjm vit lmgm`|i mj vmtan|nt |ili ~ oc wcaip c

ìoi`ct mj lmjckct |ili*

Mj oc vct|m lmtm`bc lm oc nackmj cvctm`m }j `}cltn|i ìj oc om|tc m ~ mp|c mj }j tm`}clti tihi/

lcaip òn` coon vctc mln|ct oc tmkoc*

Oip vctcam|tip vctc ìoi`ct oc tmkoc mj lmjmkct |ili cvctm`m mj ocp lip pnk}nmj|mp naãkmjmp ~

co gnjc lcaip òn` mj Pcwm vctc k}ctlct oip `cadnip*



42

Vctc cvon`ct oip `cadnip lcaip `on` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp ~ vilmaip idpmtwct s}m oc tmkoc c

`cadncli ̀ ittm`|camj|m*

Cbitc wcaip c vti`mlmt c `tmct }jc tmkoc s}m pm om wc c vmtan|nt c oc tml LAX pcont c |ili

bc`nc oc tml [CJ* Jip lntnknaip c mo `}cltn|i `ij mo pnkji % s}m cvtm`m co vtnj`nvni mj oc vct|mlmtm`bc lm oc nackmj*



4>

Vctc vmtan|nt s}m pcoki |ili mo |tcgnì lm oc LAX bc`nc nj|mtjm| oip vctcam|tip c ìjgnk}tct mj

oc tmkoc lm a}mp|tcj c ìj|nj}c`nij mj ocp lip pnk}nmj|mp naãkmjmp*



06

Lcaip òn` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp ~ wmtmaip c tmkoc `tmclc mj mo vcpi cj|mnit*

C ìj|nj}c`nij `tmctmaip }jc tmkoc vctc vmtan|nt mo vnjk lmplm oc LAX bc`nc oc anpac LAX

mp|i am wc c vmtan|nt vtidct ìjm`|nlcl lmj|ti lm oc anpac tml ~ mp acp am wc vmtan|nt lctom

vnjk c oc v}mt|c lm mjoc`m lm oc LAX* Jip lntnknaip co tm`}clti s}m ìj|nmjm }j pnkji % vctc

cóclnt oc j}mwc tmkoc*

Vctc cóclnt oc tmkoc lm vnjk mj oc anpac LAX oip vctcam|ti c ìjgnk}tct mj oc tmkoc pm v}mlmj

idpmtwct mj ocp lip pnk}nmj|mp naãkmjmp*



03



04

Lcaip `on` mj Cvvo~ `bcjkmp ~ viltmaip wmt oc tmkoc `tmclc mj mo vcpi cj|mtnit*

Bctmaip vt}mdcp lcjliom vnjk c oc v}mt|c lm mjoc`m lm oc LAX ~ lcaiom vnjk c oc v}mt|c lm

mjoc`m lmo gntm{coo s}m mj mp|m `cpi mp oc nv s}m |nmjm c``mpi c nj|mtjm|* Mj oc pnk}nmj|m nackmj

pm idpmtwc s}m oip vnjk pij pc|npgc`|itnip* Lmplm oc LAx om v}mlmj lct vnjk c `}cos}nmt ms}nvi

lm oc [CJ vit s}m pm om mp|c vmtan|nmjli |ili mo |tcgn`i bc`nc oc [CJ*



00

Mj oc nackmj s}m pnk}m pm a}mp|tc s}m lmplm op tml LAX ji pm om v}mlc lct vnjk c jnjk}j

bip|p lm oc tml OCJ ~c s}m cj|mtnitamj|m ji pm mpvm`ngnì s}m oc LAX om vilnc lct vnjk c

`}cos}nmt bip|p lm oc OCJ*

Oc tmkoc vit lmgm`|i mj oc tml OCJ mp vmtan|nt |ili |tcgnì bc`nc ocp i|tcp tmlmp s}m pij o tml

LAX ~ oc [CJ* Ji pm a}mp|tc mj }jc nackmj vit s}m vit lmgm`|i wnmjm cpn*

Mj oc nackmj pnk}nmj|m pm a}mp|tc mo pn|ni {md lm oc tml OCJ*

Cbitc oi s}m wcaip c bc`mt mp tmconxct oc vt}mdc lmplm oc LAX ~ wmtngn`ct s}m lmplm oc LAX ji

pm v}mlm c``mlmt co pn|ni {md lm oc OCJ ~c s}m ji bc~ }jc tmkoc s}m oi vmtan|mtc lmplm oc

LAX* @ia ipm idpmtwc mj oc nackmj ji pm v}mdm mp|cdom`mt }jc ìjmrnðj ìj mo pmtwnlit {md

lm oc tml OCJ*



0<

Jip lntnknaip c oc acs}njc s}m mp|c mj oc tml OCJ ~ tmconxct oc vt}mdc s}m lmplm `}cs}nmt

ms}nvi lm oc tml Ocj pn v}mlm c``mlmt c oc pn|ni {md lm oc tml LAX* Pm v}mlm idpmtwct mj oc

nackmj pnk}nmj|m s}m pn pm v}li c``mlmt co pn|ni {md lm oc LAX*



0=

Lmplm oc anpac acs}njc lm oc OCJ wcaip c vtidct oip pmtwn`nip PA\V/ VIV0 ~ LJP ~ oc

ìjm`|nwnlcl c |tcwmp lmo vnjk*

]|nonxcaip mo ìacjli |mojm| ~ oc lntm``nij nv lmo pmtwnlit s}m ìj|nmjm oip pmtwn`nip ln`bipcj|mtnit ~ co gnjco lmo ìacjli ìoi`caip mo v}mt|i vit lijlm mp`}`bc mo pmtwn`ni*

Mp|c mj oc vt}mdc ìj mo pmtwnlit PA\V i ìttmi ~mp pc|npgc`|itnc*

Mp|c mp oc vt}mdc ìj mo pmtwnlit VIV0 ~ mp pc|npgc`|itnc*

Vctc bc`mt oc vt}mdc lmo LJP }|nonxcaip oip ìacjli aip|tclip mj mo tm`}clti tihi lm oc

nackmj pnk}nmj|m* Vit `clc ìacjli pm lc mj|mt ~ co gnjco pm tmp}owm }j jiadtm s}m mp|m mj

pmtwnlit LJP*



07

Cbitc vtidctmaip s}m lmplm oc tml OCJ pm v}mlm vtidct ìjm`|nwclcp ìj ocp tmlmp [CJ/LAX ~ oc anpac OCJ*

Lmplm oc ìjpioc onp|caip oc ìjgnk}tc`nij nv lm oc acs}njc vctc wmtngn`ct s}m pn mp }j ms}nvi

lm oc OCJ*

Cbitc vtidcaip vnjk ìj `clc }jc lm ocp lntm``nijmp nv s}m mp|cj mj ̀ clc }jc lm ocp tmlmp*



0;



02

@IJ@O]PNIJMP

Ocp tmkocp lm jc|mi am wcj c vmtan|nt tmlntm``nijct mo |tãgnì mj|tcj|m ~

mjacp`ctcanmj|i lm nv* Mrnp|mj lip |nvip lm tmkocp vctc jc|mi s}m pij 8 VTMTI]\NJKs}m pij ocp s}m am vmtan|nt mo tmlntm``nijcanmj|i lmo |tcgnì mj|tcj|m ~ ocp tmkocp lm

jc|mi mj VIP\TI]\NJK s}m pij ocp s}m am vmtan|mj mjacp`ctct an tml OCJ ìj oc

lntm``nðj nv v}don`c ~ cpá oc tml ocj v}mlc pcont c nj|mtjm|*

]j gntm{coo am wc vmtan|nt ìj|tioct |ili mo |tãgnì s}m pm wc c |tcpan|nt lm }jc tml c

i|tc tml ìj tmkocp lm vmtan|nt i lmjmkct* Ocp g}j`nijmp lm }j gntm{coo pij ocp lm

vmtan|nt i lmjmkct mo |tãgnì*

Co navomamj|ct }j momamj|i pm tml ìai oip mp mo gntm{coo pm wc c dtnjlct aãp

pmk}tnlcl vctc oc tml* ^c s}m v}mlm ìj|tioct mo |tãgnì lij mo gntm{coo ~ cpá pmtãj

amjip ocp vipndnonlclmp lm c|cs}mp c bc`nc an tml*

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