Manual de Cnc Torno

Programming Manual

Boxford

Boxford Ltd.,Wheatley, Halifax, West Yorkshire,England, HX3 5AF.(Registered Office)Telephone: 01422 358311Fax: 01422 355924E-mail: [email protected]: www.boxford.co.uk

Boxford 280 BProgramming Manual

ContentsBoxford 280B

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Running the Demonstration Program

3 Axes and Tooling3.1 Axes and Datum3.2 Turret3.3 Quick Change Toolpost3.4 Gang Plate3.5 Driven Tool3.6 Spindle Speed, Rotation and Tool Orientation3.7 Tailstock3.8 Chuck3.9 Collet3.10 Tool Libraries3.11 Setting Up

4 CAM Programming4.1 Functions4.2 Information Required4.3 Creating a CAM Program4.4 Example4.5 Drawing Straight Lines4.6 Drawing Arcs4.7 Drawing Threads4.8 Processing a Profile4.9 Editing a CAM Profile4.10 CAM Tools

Boxford 280B Contents

5 CNC Programming5.1 Operations and Programming Sheets5.2 Absolute and Incremental Co-ordinates5.3 Speeds and Feeds5.4 Program Format5.5 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)5.6 Miscellaneous Functions (M Codes)5.7 Canned Cycles5.8 Inputting a New Program

5.8.1 Information Required5.8.2 Tabulated Format5.8.3 Compact Format

5.9 Saving a Program5.10 Examining an Existing Program5.11 Editing a Program

5.11.1 New Programs5.11.2 Existing Programs5.11.3 MENU Editing Options

5.12 Continuing a Program

6 CNC and CAM Machining6.1 Initial Checks6.2 Manufacture6.3 Options During Machining

7 Manual Machining

ContentsBoxford 280B

Tutorials and Exercises

Tutorial 1: Linear Interpolation -Tabulated and Compact Program Display

Exercise 1: Simple Programming - Absolute Co-ordinates

Tutorial 2: Incremental Co-ordinate Programming

Exercise 2: Simple Programming - Incremental Co-ordinates

Tutorial 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft

Exercise 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft

Tutorial 4: Circular Interpolation

Exercise 4: Circular Interpolation

Tutorial 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a ToolChange

Exercise 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a ToolChange

Tutorial 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning

Exercise 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning

Tutorial 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving

Exercise 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving

Tutorial 8: Canned Cycles - External LH Thread

Exercise 8: Canned Cycles - External RH Thread

Tutorial 9: Canned Cycles - Peck Drilling

Exercise 9: Canned Cycles - Deep Hole Peck Drilling

Tutorial 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs

Exercise 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs

Tutorial 11: Combining G Codes to Produce a Program

Exercise 11: Using a Combination of G Codes

Tutorial 12: Programming Spidle Orientation and Driven Tooling.

Operations Sheet

Programming Sheet

1 Introduction

This manual gives guidance in using the 280 B machine for creating and editing CNCand CAM programs for turned components, and in executing programs to manufacturecomponents.

The software includes a demonstration CNC program, and a number of tutorialprograms.

It is suggested that the manual should be used as follows:

1. Refer to Section 2 and run the demonstration program. This will provide rapidfamiliarisation with the operation of the software and the machining process.

2. Study Section 3 to become proficient in setting up the tooling.

3. Refer to Section 4 to demonstrate the convenience and ease of operation of a typicalCAM system.

4. Use Section 5 for detailed instruction in CNC programming. Tutorial 1 is used as anexample to demonstrate the stages of programming and software operation.

5. Use the Tutorials and Exercises in the order in which they appear, to progress from basicprogramming skills to proficiency in the more advanced features of CNC programming.

When programs have been written and verified, refer to Section 6 as required, tomachine components.

2 Running the Demonstration ProgramBoxford 280B

The demonstration program contains examples of parallel and radius turning, and afinished component can be machined from the billet supplied with the machine. Runthe program as follows to provide a tutorial in programming and machining:

1. Make sure the billet is securely fitted in the chuck. Check that the first tool to be usedis the LH turning tool and the second tool is the parting tool. Set these up as follows:

Turret: Fit LH turning tool in position 1, Parting tool in position 7. (Refer to Figure 3.2 in Section3 for tool positions in the turret).

Gang Plate: Set both tools into individual toolholders, then fix toolholders into suitable locations onthe gang plate to permit their use in sequence.

Quick Change Set both tools into individual toolholders. Fit the LH turning tool andToolpost: toolholder assembly into the X-axis slot of the toolpost (refer to Figure 3.4 in Section

3 for tool fitting and axis slot). During machining, the machine will stop and it will benecessary to remove and replace this tool with the parting tool assembly in the same X-axis toolholder slot.

2. Run the software and check that it is correctly configured by selecting CONFIG fromthe main menu. (Refer to Appendix A in the Installation and User Manual if necessary).

3. Refer to Section 3 - Axes and Tooling, 3.9 Setting Up, to set up the tooling, offsets anddatum position.

2 Running the DemonstrationProgram

Set Up the Machine

Check Tool Settings

Boxford 280B 2 Running the Demonstration Program

4. From the main menu select PROGRAM, then Program, and view Catalogue 1 toidentify the demonstration program which is called DEMO:

Select the Program


5. Select the program. The screen shows the Program display, with a 2D view of thecomponent:


6. Select VIEW to produce a 3D view of the component. After a pause, the displaywill show the 3D view:

Use the cursor keys to manipulate the 3D view as follows:

View the Component

Rotateanticlockwise

Rotateclockwise

Increasesize

Decreasesize

Restoreoriginal view

HOME


7. Select INFO to show the program details:

8. Turn off the program details display. (Press ESC or EOB).

Show the ProgramDetails


9. Select MENU , and then Display:

Scroll the display to examine the program:

Press or to scroll one line.

10. Turn off the program display: (Press ESC).

Display the Program


11. Select MENU , then 2D Simulate:

Repeatedly press EOB to move through the program line-by-line. The simulation showsthe tool movement and material removed as each line of the program is executed.

To move forward through the program to a specific line, select MENU , and thenGo to Line. Input the required line number when prompted, and press EOB.

To produce a 3D view of the workpiece, select MENU and then 3D View. Toreturn to the 2D view, press EOB.

To run the simulation automatically, select MENU and then Fast Mode; theprogram will be run in a continuous sequence. To return to line-by-line simulation, select

MENU and then Step Mode.

To end the simulation before the end of the program, press ESC .

At the end of the program the screen returns to the program display.

Simulate Machining- 2D


12. Select MENU , then 3D Simulate:

Select MENU , and demonstrate the use of the options available as for 2Dsimulation, until the screen again shows the program display.

13. Turn off the program display.

Refer to Section 6 - CNC and CAM Machining.

Simulate Machining- 3D

Machine theComponent

Axes and ToolingBoxford 280B

3 Axes and Tooling

3.1. Axes and DatumAxes: The toolholder can move in two axes, X and Z, (see Figure 3.1).

Datum Position: The location of the datum position is established at the factory, and details are providedwith the machine. The offsets of all tools are set in relation to the datum position.

Home Position: The toolholder is parked in the home position by homing switches. During setting up,it is necessary to set the datum position in relation to the home postion.

-Z +Z

+X

-X

Figure 3.1 Axes and Datum Position

Boxford 280B Axes and Tooling

Figure 3.2 Turret Tool Positions

7

8

6 5

4

32

1

External tools: 1, 3, 5, 7Internal tools: 2, 4, 6, 8

Machines without homing switches:1: Reference tool3: Second tool

3.1


3.2 Turret (Figure 3.2)

The turret is a motor driven, disc type toolpost with positions for up to eight tools, fourexternal and four internal; each position is numbered.

Tools can be accessed by indexing the turret using the TURRET INDEX key on thecontrol panel or from the software.

External tools are secured in radial slots by tapered clamp blocks held by two fixingscrews. Longitudinal positioning is achieved by pushing the tool towards the turretcentre so that it touches the location stop. Internal tools are secured in their predrilledholes with tubular toolholders and two sunken screws.

This will normally have been set at the factory and should require no adjustment. If itis found to be incorrect it is recommended that a Boxford service engineer is called.However it is permissible to adjust it by putting a tool into the working position, theninserting packing as appropriate between the turret toolpost and cross-slide. If this doesnot achieve correct tool height, or other tools heights are still incorrect, contact thefactory.

Fitting Tools

Setting Tool Height

3.2


3.3 Quick Change Toolpost

The quick change toolpost has two slots to provide for convenient and rapid manualtool changing. A toolholder with a tool already secured in it by the four securing screwsis placed into the shaped slots which provide instant positive location, and is rigidly heldthere by tightening the single clamping screw, using the clamp screw key provided. Thetoolpost will only accept a single toolholder at a time. External tools are fitted to the Xaxis slot while internal tools use the Z axis slot.

A quick change toolpost can be fitted to the lower section of the X-axis cross slide inaddition to a gang plate.

Fit a tool into the standard flat bottomed toolholder by tightening the four securingscrews on to the tool shank. The tool should protrude approximately 20mm (0.75in)from the toolholder face. Keep this dimension consistent for all the external tools. Putthe toolholder into the toolpost and lock it into position using the clamping screw.

Figure 3.3 Quick Change Toolpost

Fitting Tools(Figures 3.3 and 3.4)

Tool Tool Securing Screws

Tool Clamping Screw

3.3


Height Setting-External Tools Refer to Section 7 - Manual Machining to move the tool manually to set the tool height,which is checked by taking a light facing cut on the end of the workpiece. If adjustmentis needed to centre the tool, use the centre height adjustment screw on the toolholderas follows:

1. Visually check the height to the workpiece centre point. The actual height from the topof the cross slide to the centre of the spindle is stamped on the right hand side of thecross slide near the bottom of the slide.

Note:Do not confuse this value with the machine serial no. which is stamped on the right hand face of the Zaxis slide.

2. To adjust the height slacken the clamping screw and the centre height adjustment screw.Turn the knurled adjustment knob clockwise to raise the tool, anticlockwise to lower it.

When the height is correct tighten the Allen screw then tighten the tool clamping screw.

3. Check that the tool is exactly on the centre line by taking a light facing cut on the endof the workpiece, running the spindle in reverse. Repeat the adjustment if necessary.

Figure 3.4 Tool Fitting and Adjustment

Tool Clamping Screw

Constant

Centre HeightAdjustment Screw

Tool SecuringScrews

3.3


These tools can be fitted directly into the V location toolholders intended for use withthe drills. Although not essential, it is better if they are located into a tubular holder. Thiscan easily be made as shown in Figure 3.5.

Put a toolholder with its tool on to the toolpost and set the centre height to the workpiececentre line exactly as for external tools. Repeat this procedure for all of the tools.

Height Setting - Internal Tools

Drill Tube

Figure 3.5 Internal Tool Fitting Detail

3.3


3.4 Gang Plate (Figure 3.6)

This is a plate with drilled holes enabling up to three simple channel shaped toolholdersto be clamped on to it. Tool positions are free, limited by hole line-up betweentoolholder and gang plate and by ensuring that every tool mounted can reach the workover the required range without fouling anything or causing other tools to foulsomething.

Select a tool position and fit the channel toolholder using the securing screws. Clampthe tool into it with the four clamping screws.

There is no tool height setting adjustment provided as this is pre-set at the factory. Ifcorrection is needed, contact the factory.

Fitting the Tools

Figure 3.6 Gang Plate

Setting Tool Height

ClampingScrews

ChannelToolholder

SecuringScrews

3.4


3.5 Driven Tooling

The Driven Tooling attachment is fitted to the front of the cross-slide. The Tool canbe fitted so it is in line with any of the three axis using the two holders provided. TheTool position in the Y axis can be adjusted using the manual turnwheel on the top ofthe slide.

In figure 3.7 below, the tool is aligned with the X axis.

Figure 3.7 Driven Tool Attachment

-Y

-X

-Z

+X

+Z

Handwheel with scale

+Y

Y axis slide

Y axis slidemounting block

Driven ToolAttachment

Mounting Bracket Type 1

3.5


Mounting bracket type 1 can be bolted to the front of the Y axis slide to allign the driven

tool with the Z axis.

To allign the driven tool with the Y axis, Mounting bracket type 2 is used. See Fig 3.8below.

Figure 3.8 Mounting Bracket Type 2

Driven Tooling can only be activated from program using M10 (driven tool active) andM11 (driven tool off).

3.5


The spindle can run forward (anticlockwise when viewed on chuck jaws) and in reverse(clockwise when viewed on chuck jaws). Direction and speed of rotation are controlledeither by the SPINDLE CW and CCW keys on the machine control panel (refer toInstallation and User Manual Section 5 Machine Controls) or by means of M codes (M03= Forward and M04 = Reverse) selected from software.

For machining a workpiece held in the chuck with the tool fitted in the normal way, i.e.with the cutting edge uppermost, the direction of rotation is as follows:

Direction M CodeExternal turning, toolholder at back Reverse M04External turning, toolholder at front Forward M03Internal turning (centre drills, drills) Forward M03Internal turning (boring, threading) Reverse M04

If tools are fitted upside down, take care to select the appropriate direction of spindlerotation. Once the initial tool is specified, which then sets the direction of rotation,ensure that all subsequent tools are fitted in the same orientation to avoid the need toreverse the direction of rotation at tool changes while running a program.

3.6 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation

Rotation(Figure 3.9)

Tool Orientation

3.6


+Z

EXTERNAL TURNING

Tool holder at back

Tool holder at frontFORWARD

REVERSE

INTERNAL TURNING

-Z

+X

-X

WORKPIECE IN CHUCK

Figure 3.9 Spindle Rotation and Tool Orientation

NEGATIVE X VALUES ONLY

+Z

FORWARD

REVERSE

-Z

+X

-X

USING TAILSTOCK POSITIVE X VALUES ONLY

3.6


3.7 Tailstock

A conventional tailstock may be fitted. Alternatively, a pneumatically-operated tailstockmay be fitted, operated by the TAILSTOCK QUILL keys on the control panel. Thepneumatically-operated tailstock may be operated under software control using M41(Extend) and M42 (Retract).

3.8 ChuckA manual or pneumatic chuck may be fitted. Pneumatic chucks are operated either byusing the CHUCK OPEN and CLOSE keys on the control panel (refer to Installationand User Manual Section 5 Machine Controls) or from within software by use ofappropriate M code (M40 = Open, M39 = Close).

Unless specified otherwise, pneumatic chuck jaws are prebored at the factory to suitcustomer requirements. Should work with larger diameter workpieces be undertaken,the pneumatic chuck jaws can be bored out to avoid the need to purchase anotherpneumatic chuck, as follows:

1. Press the CHUCK CLOSE key and set the jaws to position to provide suff ic ientmaterial for boring. To move the jaws unfasten the two screws in the jaws, raise the jawsfrom the serration plates and position them accordingly, then refasten the screwsensuring that the jaws are equi-distant from the centre line of the chuck.

2. Make a washer 1mm thick with bore the same diameter that the chuck is to be bored.The outside diameter of washer can be 30mm.

3. Press the CHUCK OPEN key.

4. Bore out the face of the jaws 1mm deep, 30.12mm diameter (0.12mm larger than theoutside diameter of the washer).

5. Place the washer on to the machined jaw face and press the CHUCK CLOSE key toclamp the outside diameter of the washer.

6. Revolve the chuck forward at approximately 2000 rev/min.

7. Bore out the jaws using the washer bore as a gauge. Use the axis control keys to providetool movement with the FEED knob set to 75%.

8. When boring is complete stop the spindle and press the CHUCK OPEN key to releasethe washer.

3.7


3.9 Collet (Figure 3.10)

A Pneumatic Collet Chuck may be fitted and is controlled in the same way as aPneumatic chuck. To fit the Pneumatic Collet, complete the following procedures.

1. Isolate the machine and disconnect the main Air supply. Remove the current chucking.

2. Remove the backplate (secured with 3 bolts). Clean the spindle nose.

3 & 4. Asseble nose piece and collar.

5 & 6. Fit nose piece and collar assembly onto spindle ensuring the '0' on the collar is allignedwith the '0' on the spindle.

7. Put a Dial Test Indicator on nose piece and tighten the three bolts securing the collarto the spindle until the spindle nose piece is running true.

8. Insert the Black Knurled headed Collar Pin into the draw bar assembly.

9. Push draw bar assembly down the rear of the spindle.

8 & 10. Fit yoke pin into draw bar assembly and secure with 2 grub screws (3mm Alen Key).

11. Fit yoke bar into yoke and secure with Cap head screw and washer (5mm Alen key).

12. Locate the Collar Pin.

13. Fit the required Collet into the nose piece.

14. Lift up spring loaded drive sprag.

15. Screw the drawbar unit into the collet adusting for the bar diameter to be used. Re-engage drive sprag.

16. Re-connect the main air supply and switch on the machine. The collet system is nowready for use.

Removal is the reverse of the above procedure.

NOTE: If reverting to manual chucking, and maximum diameter through spindle is notrequired, then reversse steps 16-13 and 6-1 inclusive.

3.9


Figure 3.10 Fitting Collet Chucking

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16.

3.9


Figure 3.11 Tool Data Library

3.10 Tool Libraries

The software provides a Tool Data Library which enables details of tooling and offsetsto be entered and a Tool Library from which tools can be selected for inclusion in theTool Data Library. The library is set up by means of a tooling menu.

Before attempting to set up the tooling for the first time, view the libraries and thetooling menu to become familiar with the details, as follows:

1. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Tools.

The screen shows the Tool Data Library, (Figure 3.11). Practice selecting tools asshown.

1 2 3 4

1. Tool number used by CNC program to select required tool2. Tool position on Turret (not used with Gang plate or Quick

change tool holder)3. Tool type and description (selected from tool library)4. Tool offsets

To select a tool:

Press ➔ or

➔

to highlight the required tool.

Tool Data Library

3.10


2. Select MENU to display the tooling menu:

The use of these options for setting and editing the Tool Data Library is detailed laterin this section.

Note:

After setting up or editing the library, always select Save Tool data.

3. From the tooling menu, select Tool Library.

The screen displays the first page of the Tool Library, (Figure 3.12), which shows thetwelve pre-defined tools. These tools can not be altered.

Tooling Menu

Tool Library

Figure 3.12 Tool Library

3.10


Pressing EOB will display the second page which offers an additional six tools, all ofwhich are definable by the user.

Turn off the Tool Library display to reveal the Tool Data Library.

4 From the tooling menu, select Tool Definitions.

The screen shows tool type 1, the left hand turning tool, with three dimensions requiredto draw the tool.

Note:

Tools 1 to 12 are pre-defined and can not be altered.

Scroll through the tools until tool type 13 is displayed. Initially this tool is undefined andthe display area is blank.

Tool Definitions

3.10


To define a new tool shape, press the ALTER key and use the ➔ and

➔

keys to

select the required type of tool.

Enter the three dimensions A, B and C; pressing EOB after each entry.

Should an incorrect dimension be entered, use either the CANCEL key (if EOB has not

been pressed), or the ➔ and ➔

keys to move back to the value and re-enter it.

After all three dimensions have been entered, press EOB again to accept them.

The new tool shape will be displayed, along with its dimensions.

3.10

3.11 Axes and ToolingBoxford 280B

Configure Software

Note:A billet of the appropriate size will be required for this procedure. In order to run the demonstrationprogram, a LH turning tool and a parting tool are required. To run the program, set up the LH turningtool as the first tool and the parting tool as the second tool in the following procedure.

1. Fit the required tools into the toolholding system supplied.

With the quick change toolpost, fit the first tool required. After setting the offset of thefirst tool, it will be necessary to substitute the next tool before setting its offset.

If the toolholder is too close to the chuck to allow the tools to be fitted, move thetoolholder away from the chuck under manual control, (see Section 7 - ManualMachining).

2. Check that the RESET button on the machine control panel has been pressed toinitialise the machine.

3. From the main menu select CONFIG and then Program.

4. On the PROGRAM display, set UNITS MODE to the units required for tool offsetsand programming.

5. If a turret is fitted, select CONFIG and then Hardware, and check that TURRET isset to FITTED.

6. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Tools to display the Tool DataLibrary. Defaults of the first tool will be highlighted, for example:

Check the settings. If they are correct, continue at step 14 to set the second tool.

For the demonstration program, the settings should be as shown.

7. Select the tool to be edited by using the

➔

➔ keys to highlight the required tool andpressing EOB.

3.11 Setting Up

Fit Tooling

Boxford 280B 3.11 Axes and Tooling

1

2

3

To edit tool details:

Type required number in highlighted box

Press EOB to accept last entry and highlight next box

When last box is highlighted, press EOB: highlight will disappear

Press EOB to turn off display

Figure 3.12 Tool Editing Display

1 To check tool type, press ESC then select MENU and

Tool library to view tool library.

2 To check tool position, for Turret only, refer to Figure 3.2

3 Offsets for reference tool are zero.


8. The screen shows the tool editing display, with the first item (Tool type) highlighted,(Figure 3.12).

Edit the display to show the required Tool type (and Turret position if applicable). Donot edit the offsets.

9. Select , Machine and then Datum Position.

Set Datum Position Note:The datum values are set at the factory, and it should only be necessary to reset the datum values if theoriginal setting is lost or the workholding or toolholding devices are moved or changed. In order to set thedatum values, the information supplied with the machine will be required; this information consists ofan X and a Z axis measurement.

10. From the main menu, select MACHINE and then Datum Position. The screenshows:

Enter the X and Z axis measurements supplied with the machine.

The workshift value is the distance from the Front Face of the Spindle Nose to the FrontFace of the chucking used. See fig. 3.13. Enter the appropriate value for your chuckingarrangement.

Select SAVE .

The screen returns to the main menu.


Figure 3.13 Workshift Measurements for different Chucking

Workshift

Workshift

1. Chuck

2. Collet


11. Select , Machine and then Tools.

12. Select MENU , and then Set Tool Offsets.

13. The screen shows:

Home the axes using the HOME and AXIS DIRECTION keys.

14. When the axes are homed, the screen shows:

Fit a billet into the chuck. Enter its diameter and length, and select OK by pressingEOB.


15. The screen shows the tool offsets setting display, (Figure 3.14).

On the control panel, select Manual mode. Using the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys,follow the instructions to position the point of the tool on the reference diameter (theperiphery of the billet).

Tool position on axesDRILLS

Tool position on axesTOOLS OTHER THAN DRILLS

Figure 3.14 Tool Offsets Setting Display


16. When the tool is in the correct position, select ACCEPT . The screen shows:

Use the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys to touch the point of the tool on the end ofthe billet, and select ACCEPT .

17. The screen again shows the Tool Data Library.

To set the offset of the next tool, fit or index the tool and repeat the procedure fromstep 6.

Note:For setting the offsets of the second and any subsequent tools, it will not be necessary to home the axesor enter the billet dimensions (steps 13 and 14).

Set AdditionalTool Offsets

18. The Driven Tool can be positioned in either of the two holders provided with themachine to align the tool with any of the 3 machine axis as shown in figure 3.15 (seesection 3.5).

Setting DrivenTool Offsets

Figure 3.15 Driven Tool Positions

X

Z

YPosition 2

Position 1

Position 3


With the Tool in any of the positions the user is prompted to touch on to the referencediameter and the bar end. Use the following procedures to correctly define Driven Tooloffsets.

a. Driven Tool - Position 1i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is alligned with the billet centre by

adjusting the slide (Y axis.).ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the bottom of the driven tool onto the bar

diameter. Select EOBiii. Bar End - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto the bar end.

Without moving the Z axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameterusing X-Note the Z feedback reading on the screen. Move the Z axis 1/2 thediameter of the driven tool using Z-. When in position, select EOB

b. Driven Tool - Position 2

i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is below the billet centre by adjusting theslide (Y axis).

ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool ontothe bar diameter. Select EOB

iii. Bar End - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool onto the bar end.Without moving the Z axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameterusing X-.Note the Z feedback reading on the screen. Move the Z axis 1/2 thediameter of the driven tool using Z-. When in position, select EOB

c. Driven Tool - Position 3

i. Ensure the Driven Tool centre is is alligned with the billet centre byadjusting the slide (Y axis.).

ii. Reference Diameter - Touch the outside diameter of the driven tool ontothe bar diameter. Select EOB

iii. Bar End - Touch the bottom of the driven tool onto the bar end.Without moving the X axis, move the driven tool clear of the bar diameterusing Z+.Note the X feedback reading on the screen. Move the X axis 1/2 thediameter of the driven tool using X+. When in position, select EOB


When the offsets of all the required tools have been set, either select MENU `andthen Save Tool Data, or press ESC. If ESC is pressed, the screen shows the message:

With the YES window highlighted, press EOB to save the offsets.

Backlash Compensation Note:

The values which appear in the X and Z windows are set at the factory. They will only require resettingif the original settings are lost, or if the ballscrews on the machine are replaced.

To view the backlash compensation settings, select Machine - Backlash Compensation.

The window below is shown.

Boxford 280B CAM Programming

4.1 FunctionsThe CAM programming features of the software provide the following functions:

A new component is created by producing a profile on screen. When the profile iscomplete, it is processed by the software which converts it into a CNC program andsaves it. The appropriate G and M codes are included, and speeds, feeds, roughing cutsand tool changes are incorporated into the program automatically.

Programs stored in a CAM catalogue can be edited in CAM or CNC format. Programscreated in CAM format are presented in CNC format using absolute co-ordinates.Programs stored in a CNC catalogue can only be viewed and edited in CNC format.

New Programs

4 CAM Programming

Existing Programs


4.2 Information Required

To create a new CAM program you will need the following information:

1. Drawing:

The work datum is the centre of the right hand end of the bar. Since the profile issymmetrical about the centreline of the bar, only positive X co-ordinates need bedimensioned. All Z co-ordinates are negative, measured from the end of the bar:

The drawing should make allowance for completing the chuck end of the workpiece.If threads are incorporated, make allowance for undercutting between the end of thethread and any shoulder.

For ease of programming, mark the co-ordinates of the start and end points of eachelement of the profile as shown in Figure 4.2.

2. Tools Used:

Choose the appropriate tools for each machining operation, and set up the tooling asfor CNC machining.

3. Details of the billet:

Outside diameter

Inside diameter (if the billet is hollow or a tube)

Length

Material (aluminium, brass, mild steel or plastic).

-Z

+X

datum

dimensions required

4.2


4. Program Name:

A name for your program (This must be a valid DOS filename, without a file extension,using a maximum of 7 characters and not including spaces or the following punctuationmarks: , . \ or /).

5. Configuration Settings:

The STANDOFF option automatically adds the depth of cut to a 2mm standoff(clearance between tool and workpiece) when using canned cycles. This option, andother configuration settings, can be activated by selecting CONFIG - Program fromthe main menu and making the required settings.

4.2


4.3 Creating a CAM Program

1. From the main menu, select CONFIG - Program, and check the UNITS MODEsetting. (The other settings do not apply to CAM programming). Select STANDOFFif required.

2. From the main menu select PROGRAM - Cam, and from the catalogue select NEWPROGRAM. Input the program title and bar dimensions (including inside diameter ifthe bar is hollow), as for CNC programming. If drilling is required, enter the depth ofthe hole at the prompt.

3. After inputting the program details press EOB; the screen shows the CAM display.

The display enables the profile of the component to be built up from straight lines, arcsand threads, superimposed on the outline of the billet. As each element of the profileis added, details of the corresponding line of the program appear in the program displaywindow (1), in CAM program format (refer to 4.8).

For a solid billet, beginning at the workpiece datum (6) the profile is built up from rightto left in the graphics area (3) formed by the top half of the billet outline. As eachelement is added, it is automatically mirrored in the bottom half of the billet outline toproduce a symmetrical profile.

Note:For hollow billets, the workpiece datum is set at the intersection of the bore and the end face.

The UNDO option deletes the last element added, together with the correspondingline of the program, and can be used repetitively to delete previous elements and lines.

Straight lines and arcs are created by manual input of co-ordinates, (see 4.5 and 4.6below). Threads are created by manual input of data, (see 4.7).

Check Configuration

Input Program Details

CAM Display(Figure 4.1)

4.3


Figure 4.1 CAM Display

Processes the profile

For manual input of straight line co-ordinates

For manual input of arc co-ordinates

For input of thread details

Deletes last line of program (repetitively)

Save profile Saves profile without processing and can also be used torename a profile3D View Produces 3D view of workpieceRedraw Re-draws profile after changesGrid Snap Sets fineness of graphics grid

1

2

3

4

5

6

END

LINE

ARC

THREAD

UNDO

MENU

1. Program display window

2. Billet outline (bore shown if hollow)

3. Graphics area (top half of billet outline)

4. Length of billet (Z co-ordinate)

5. Diameter of billet (X co-ordinate)

6. Workpiece datum

4.3


Set Grid Snap The fineness of the grid to which the co-ordinates will snap can be set as follows:

4. Select MENU - Grid snap. The screen shows:

The default value is 1.00mm as shown. Along the Z axis the pitch of the grid is equalto the value set. Along the X axis the pitch is half the set value, since each elementof the profile is mirrored below the centreline of the workpiece. For example, settingthe grid snap to 5.00mm produces the following grid:

Edit the setting if required by overtyping, and press EOB. For the example given in thisSection, accept the default setting.

Note:The setting can be edited later during the creation of a profile if required.

+X

-Z 2.5mmcentreline

5mm

4.3


4.4 Example (Figure 4.2)

Figure 4.2 shows a drawing of a component whose profile consists of straight lines, arcsand a thread. The co-ordinates of the start and end points of each element have beenmarked in the top half of the billet outline.

The straight lines and arcs can be machined with the LH turning tool (1) and parting tool(11). To cut the thread it will be necessary to fit an external threading tool and to addthis to the Tool Data Library.

Create a new program named EXAMPLE as detailed in 4.3 above, and refer to 4.5, 4.6and 4.7 for guidance in producing the profile shown in Figure 4.2.

Note:A copy of the CAM program for this component is included in a catalogue, and is named CAMPROG.

X +25

Z -50

10mm x 0.75mm pitch RH

21,-2921,-39

17,-45

0,-45 0,0

8R 8R

Co-ordinates shown in the format: X, Z

16,-29

10,-16

10,-1415,-9

8,-4

8,-1

Figure 4.2 Example of Drawing for CAM Program

4.4


4.5 Drawing Straight Lines

1. Select LINE ; the screen will show:

The window shows the co-ordinates of the end point of the last element to be drawn.Since no element has yet been drawn the co-ordinates are those of the datum.

2. Enter the co-ordinates of the end point of the first line: X = 8, Z = -1, and press EOB.

The first line of the profile will appear, mirrored by a symmetrical line in the bottomhalf of the billet outline.

3. Repeat this procedure to set the end point of the next line of the profile:

X = 8, Z = -4

If you make a mistake, select UNDO to erase the last line, and repeat the procedure.

4.5


4.6 Drawing Arcs

1. Select ARC , and Clockwise arc (GO2) or Counter-clockwise arc (GO3) as required.

For the first arc in the example, select Counter-clockwise arc (GO3).


Enter the radius of the arc. (For the example, enter 8.00mm).

The X and Z co-ordinates shown are those of the end point of the last element in theprofile (A). Enter the co-ordinates of the end point of the arc (B):

3. Press EOB: the arc will appear on the display, and will be mirrored by a symmetrical arcin the bottom half of the billet outline.

B

A

4.6


10,-14

4. For the example, repeat the procedure to draw the second arc. Set the radius to 12.00mmand the co-ordinates of the end points to X = 10, Z = -14:

If you make a mistake, select UNDO to erase the last arc, and repeat the procedure.

4.6


4.7 Drawing Threads

1. For the example, draw the next three straight lines of the profile in preparation foradding the threaded section:

2. Select THREAD ; the screen shows:

3. Select left hand or right hand thread as required. For the example, select right handthread.


Change the PITCH/TPI value if required, entering either a pitch (metric units) orthreads per inch (Imperial units).

For the example, set the pitch to 0.75mm.

4.7


The Z co-ordinate is that of the end-point of the last element on the profile (A). Enterthe Z co-ordinate of the end-point of the thread (B) and press EOB.

5. The thread will appear on the profile, and the corresponding line will be added to theprogram display:

9 X = 21.00 Z = -39.00 RH THREAD, PITCH/TPI = 0.75

6. For the example, draw the remaining straight lines to complete the profile:

AB

4.7


4.8 Processing a Profile

1. Select END ; the screen shows:

Enter the material type; the appropriate depths of cut will automatically be incorporatedinto the program.

2. Press EOB. The screen shows:

Enter the billet dimensions and press EOB.

If any dimension is too small to enable the profile to be machined, an appropriatemessage will be displayed. Repeat the procedure and amend the dimension as necessary.The length must incorporate the width of the parting tool if the item is to be parted off.

4.8


3. The program will be scrolled in the program display area, (accompanied by the graphicaldisplay beneath it, if selected), in CNC compact format.

The bottom line of the program display area will show messages which explain what theprogram is doing. If the program contains errors or omissions, such as undefined tools,sections of profiles which a tool cannot reach, or insufficient undercut allowance forthread cutting, the bottom line will display an appropriate error message and the displaywill stop to allow the message to be read.

If the display stops, press EOB to resume.

4. At the end of the program, the display will show the program WRITE display, (seeSection 5, Figure 5.1). The program can then be edited in CNC format if required.

From the CAM display, select MENU - Save profile.

The profile will be saved and can be recalled later for completion or editing.

Pressing ESC or selecting CLOSE will prompt you to save the profile if it hasnot already been saved.

Saving a ProfileWithout Validation

4.8


4.9 Editing a CAM Profile

A CAM profile can be edited in either CAM or CNC format:

1. Save the program.

2. Select PROGRAM - Cam, and select the required program.

3. Use UNDO to step backwards through the elements of the profile, and re-create theprofile as required.

CAM Format

5. To move points, delete entities and insert entities, isselected.

The screen below is shown.

EDIT PROFILEMENU

4.9


Modifying Hole Depth The start point of the line describing the diameter at the bottom of a hole cannot bemoved using the standard Move command.

is selected displaying the window below.

The modified depth is input and selected

Deleting Entities The required entity is highlighted and selected. The end point of theprevious entity and the start point of the next entity will automatically be joined tomaintain a continuous path.

Inserting Entities Inserted entities are placed After the currently highlighted entity.

An Entity is highlighted and selected. The inserted entities can be movedto the required position as described earlier in this section.

Moving Points The End Point of a highlighted entity can be moved.

An entity is highlighted by using the selection buttons to toggle around each entity inturn.

The entity End point can be moved by selecting and inputting the new co-ordinates (if invalid co-ordinates are entered, an error message is displayed and the moveaborted.

NOTE:- Moving the end points of arcs will redefine the arc as a diagonal straight line.This can be converted back to the arc in the standard CAM.

MOVE

MENU HOLE DEPTH

OK

DELETE

INSERT

4.9


In the example below, a groove has been added to the outside diameter of the profileshown on a previous page.

Modifying Bar Size is selected to modify the bar size.

The window below is shown.

The modified bar information is input. If the bar size specified is too small for theprofile, relevant values will automatically be modified to the smallest acceptable size.

Saving the Changes To save the changes and return to the standard CAM window, is selected.

MENU BAR SIZE

EXIT

4.9


The �CAM Tools� option allows the user to define which tools are available to the CAMprocessor when a G&M program is created from a drawn profile.

The CAM Tools option is accessed from the CAM window by selectingMenu - CAM Tools

The Tool library window below is shown.

If all the tools in the Library are Not Selected (Black text), the CAM processor will selecttools from the entire list.

If some Tools are Selected (Red text), the CAM processor will only select from thesetools.Depending on the type of component to be processed, a minimum number of tools arerequired.e.g. To process external shapes, the minimum tooling requirements are.

1. LH Turning Tool (Note: 32 Degrees is the clearance angle not the tip angle)

2. Parting Tool

3. External Threading Tool (If threads are to be cut).

To Select tool, the tool is highlighted with the cursor and selected.ALTER

4.10 CAM Tools

4.10


Rough & Finish Turning If two LH Turning tools are available, one can be set to perform the Rough TurningProcess and the other set to perform the Finish Turning Process.

When selecting Tools (Red Text), if a second LH turning tool is selected, the windowbelow is shown.

The User is prompted to �Select Process to be Performed by Tool�.

Roughing or Finishing is selected.

The remaining LH Turning Tool�s process will automatically be set to the alternativeoption as shown below.

Saving To exit and save the settings, the Esc. is selected.

4.10

Boxford 280B CNC Programming

5 CNC Programming

5.1 Operations and Programming SheetsBefore commencement of programming the following points require consideration:

1. Drawing

The work datum is usually centre of the right hand end of the bar; this makes it easierto set the tools. If necessary re-dimension the drawing from this datum.

2. Machining

Decide on the sequence of the machining operations (e.g. rough turn, finish turn, screwcut, part off.)

3. Tooling

Choose appropriate tools for each machining operation.

4. Programming

Decide on incremental or absolute dimensions, feed mm/min, spindle speed rev/min.

Use an operations sheet and a programming sheet to record your decisions. Blank sheetsare included at the back of this manual for photocopying.

+Z-Z

+X

-X


5.2 Absolute and Incremental Co-ordinates

Before programming commences points on the contour have to be defined either in:

(a) absolute co-ordinates relative to the workpiece datum, or

(b) incremental co-ordinates relative to the previous position

Examples of the two types of co-ordinate systems are shown below:

G90 must be inserted at the start of the program when using absolute co-ordinates.

G91 must be inserted at the start of the program when using incremental co-ordinates.

+Z-Z

+X

-X

Ø25

Ø15

Ø30

Ø20

10 20 10

C

B AB A

C

POINT

DATUM

A

B

C

X

0

15

15

25

Z

0

0

-10

-10

ABSOLUTE COORDINATES

POINT

DATUM

A

B

C

X

0

20

20

30

Z

0

0

-10

-30

POINT

DATUM

A

B

C

X

0

15

0

10

Z

0

0

-10

0

INCREMENTAL COORDINATES

POINT

DATUM

A

B

C

X

0

20

0

10

Z

0

0

-10

-20

5.2


5.3 Speeds and Feeds

When writing a program the values for spindle speeds and feed rates have to be entered.These values will vary depending upon the workpiece material and the type of cuttingtool being used.

With experience, a programmer will use values which are known to produce therequired balance between surface finish, tool wear and production time, but for thebeginner the following cutting speeds are offered as a guide.

To calculate spindle speeds use the following formula:

Spindle speed = m/min x 1000 or feet/min x 12 p x dia. of workpiece p x dia. of workpiece

e.g. for 25.4 (1in) dia. mild steel (EN1A) using carbide copy turning tool:

Spindle speed = 200 x 1000 or 600 x 12 p x 25.4=2506rev/min. p x 1=2291rev/min.

program say, 2500 or 2300 rev/min.

Feed rates are expressed in millimetres per minute and, as with spindle speeds, the feedrate will vary with the material being cut, the depth of cut and the type of cutting toolused. Again, with experience the programmer will quickly determine the values to usefor the various cutting functions.

Spindle Speeds

ALUMINIUMCUTTING TOOL

CUTTING SPEED (METRES/MINUTE)

BRASS CAST IRON MILD STEEL(FREE CUTTING)

CARBON STEEL(MEDIUM)

CARBIDE

H.S.S.

300 250 125 200 125

80 70 40 50 40

Feed Rates

5.3


5.4 Program Format

A program is a series of "blocks" or lines each showing a set of functions and/or co-ordinates.

Input of the program is usually in tabular form (although the CONFIG menu allows achange to compact format).

A typical format for turning is:

LINE G M X Z I K F S

These are the headings used on the programming sheet, where:

LINE is the block or sequence number, and

G the preparatory function

M the miscellaneous function

X the X co-ordinate (diameter value)

Z the Z co-ordinate (length value)

I interpolation parameter or additional informationas needed

K interpolation parameter or additional informationas needed

F feed rate (mm/min)

S spindle speed (rev/min)

5.4


5.5 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)

Note:

The G codes can be displayed on the screen from the HELP menu.

The address letter G is followed by two digits, and the following codes can be used:

G00 Rapid movement

G01 Linear interpolation F = Feed rate

G02 Circular interpolation (clockwise)I & K are co-ordinates of centre or I = radius from the start point

G03 Circular interpolation (counter clockwise)I & K are co-ordinates of centre or I = radius from the start point

G04 Time dwell F = delay (secs)

G50 Maximum Spindle Speed Limit S=Speed

G70 Imperial programming units

G71 Metric programming units

G81 O.D. Turning cycleX = Total Depth Z = Total Length I = No. of Cuts F = Feed rate

G82 Face/ Grooving CycleX = Total Depth Z = Total Cut Length I = No. of Cuts F = Feed rate

G83 Peck Drilling CycleZ = Total Depth I = Drill DiaK = Reduction F = Feed rate

G84 Threading CycleZ = Total Length I = Dia DepthK = No. of Cuts F = Pitch

G90 Absolute Programming

G91 Incremental Programming

G94 Feed/min

G95 Feed/rev

G96 Constant Surface Speed

G97 Constant RPM

5.5


5.6 Miscellaneous Functions (M Codes)

Note:

The M codes can be displayed on the screen from the HELP menu.

The address letter M is followed by two digits, the following can be used:-

M01 Optional stopM02 End of program (Single Quantity)M03 Spindle start forward. Enter spindle speed SM04 Spindle start reverse. Enter spindle speed SM05 Spindle stopM06 Tool change

I = Tool Type K = Drill DiameterM08 Coolant OnM09 Coolant OffM10 Driven Tool 1 ActiveM11 Driven Tool 1 OffM16 Orientate Spindle

I=Angle (30 Deg Increments)M26 Parts Catcher InM27 Parts Catcher RetractM30 End of program (Repeat)M39 Close Automatic ChuckM40 Open Automatic ChuckM41 Extend Air QuillM42 Retract Air QuillM48 Open Air GuardM49 Close Air GuardM51 Shot Bolt EngageM52 Shot Bolt DisengageM81 Turn output on/off

I=on/off (1/0)M97 Continuous manufactureM99 Continuation code.

Entering M99 into a partially written program causes the program to be saved to disk.Recall of the program is simulated on the screen up to the break off point and then theprompt to "continue writing" is made.

5.6


5.7 Canned Cycles

Codes G81 - G84 are referred to as 'canned cycles'. These codes are built in to the controlsystem of the lathe; their use simplifies the programming of repetitive operations.

In each case the tool must be positioned at the start point of the cycle on the previousline of code at a point 2mm (0.1in) from the work. This point is called the stand-off point.All information within the canned cycle is incremental. On completion of the cycle thetool will return to its start point.

Using this code enables several cuts to be taken automatically provided that the Z axismovements are the same. The start point in the X axis is at the 2mm stand-off point andthe tool is programmed to this location on the previous line. After entering G81 thefollowing additional information is needed.

X value = total cut depth, ie. the difference between the originaldiameter and the final diameter (excluding the stand-off).

Z value = total length of travel in the Z axis, i.e. cut length plus anystand-off in the Z direction.

I value = number of cuts required.

F value = feed rate.

Cancel G81 with G80.

Facing:The start point (programmed on the previous line) is from a stand-off position in theZ axis. After entering G82 the following additional information is needed:

X value = total cut depth - it is usual to go past the centre line by 0.5mmto clear the end, i.e. enter a value of the stand-off diameterplus 1mm.

Z value = total cut width (excluding the stand off).

I value = number of cuts.


G81 Outside Diameter

G82 Facing or Grooving

5.7


Grooving:This canned cycle is used to cut a rectangular section groove of width exceeding 4mm.Before entering the canned cycle routine it is necessary to create a slot of width 2mmplus the width of the tool to the required depth. This is accomplished using the partingoff tool and programming using codes G00 and G01. Remember that the parting offtool is 2mm wide and that during the offset routine the reference face was set as the sidenearer the chuck. After cutting this narrow groove take the tool to its stand off position.

Enter G82 and then add the following values:

X value = the difference between the stand-off diameter and thediameter of the bottom of the groove.

Z value = the additional width of the groove, e.g. 10mm-4mm =6mm.

I value = number of cuts required.



This code is used to drill holes deeper than twice the drill diameter. From the stand-offpoint (X = 0, Z = 2) the first movement takes the drill in the -Z direction a distance equalto twice the drill diameter. After withdrawing from the hole (to remove swarf) the drillreturns and cuts further in the -Z direction by an amount which is determined by:

K multiplied by the first depth

This 'pecking' is repeated until the total depth Z is reached. After entering G83 followwith:

Z value = total depth of hole (exclude the stand-off).

I value = drill diameter.

K value = reduction: a decimal value. This is the percentage by whichthe second and subsequent pecks are reduced, until therequired depth is reached, e.g. 0.9 or 0.99.



G83 Peck Drilling

5.7


External Thread:The start point for the threading cycle in the X axis is 2mm greater than the outsidediameter of the point on the diameter of the material to be cut (the stand-off point). Thisposition is programmed on the line previous to the G84 being called. After enteringG84, follow with:

Z value = total length from stand-off (negative for left hand thread,positive for right hand thread).

I value = depth of thread (measured on diameter, e.g. 1.23 for 1mmpitch).

K value = number of cuts. The minimum is 10 cuts and this is suitablefor up to 1mm pitch. For larger values of pitch increase thevalue of K

F value = pitch.

Cutting tool is tool no. 4, speed (S) value is 500/600 rev/min.

Internal Thread:This is programmed in the same way as the external thread except that the tool is toolno.10. Note that the I value (depth) must be negative.


G84 External or InternalThread Cutting

5.7


5.8 Inputting a New Program

5.8.1 Information Required

To input a new program, you will need the following information:

1. A completed programming sheet containing -Program detailsType of co-ordinates used (absolute or incremental)Tools usedSpeeds and feeds

2. Details of the billet -Outside diameterInside diameter (if the billet is hollow)Length

3. A name for your program (7 characters maximum - do not use spaces, . \ or / in thename.)

4. The type of format for the program display.The options are tabulated format and compact format. Tabulated format is easier toread and therefore more suitable for the earlier stages of programming. The programmingsheets used in the Tutorials and Exercises use tabulated format. Compact format is moretypical of the type of display used in industry, and is suitable for the more advancedprogrammer.The type of format can be changed by selecting CONFIG - Program from the mainmenu, and setting the DISPLAY TYPE to TABULATED or COMPACT as required.A program can be input and saved in either format, and can be displayed in either formatby changing the DISPLAY TYPE.The main procedure (5.8.2 on the following page) deals with the use of tabulated format,and the example used is taken from Tutorial 1 (TUT 1). Instructions for using compactformat are given in 5.8.3.

5. Other configuration settings required.The STANDOFF option automatically adds the depth of cut to a 2mm standoff(clearance between tool and workpiece) when using canned cycles.

In MODAL PROGRAMMING, each of the following codes need only be typed once.Each code is then repeated automatically in subsequent lines until a different code istyped:

5.8


G01 : Linear interpolationG02 : Circular interpolation (clockwise)G03 : Circular interpolation (counter-clockwise)F : Feed rate

These options can be activated by selecting CONFIG - Program from the main menu,and making the required settings.

5.8.2 Tabulated Format

Check Configuration

1. From the main menu, select CONFIG - Program, and check the following settings:

UNITS MODE = as required (METRIC for TUT 1)PROGRAMMING MODE = as required (ABSOLUTE for TUT 1)DISPLAY TYPE = TABULATEDGRID SNAP = as requiredSTANDOFF = as requiredMODAL PROGRAMMING = as required

Input Program Details

2. From the main menu, select PROGRAM - Program, and from the catalogue selectNEW PROGRAM. The following display will appear:

Type the name of the program and press EOB.

5.8


3. Select OK by pressing EOB. The next display will appear:

The display shows the dimensions of the last billet used, with the value of outsidediameter highlighted.

If required, change the diameter by overtyping. When the correct value is shown, pressEOB; the next item (I-Dia) will be highlighted.

Set the remaining two values in the same way. If the billet is not hollow, set the internaldiameter to zero.

Note:The values can be edited by using the ➔ and

➔

keys to highlight the required values, and overtyping.

Press EOB, and set the depth of hole when prompted.

Input Program

4. Press EOB. The screen shows the Program WRITE display, (Figure 5.1). The first linenumber (block number) N10 appears automatically at the left of the display, and the textcursor is in the G column.

5.8


UNDO Deletes last line entered.

VIEW Redraw - updates simulation display to include latest program changes.

3D view - changes simulation display to 3D view.

HELP Displays information for reference during programming (see text).

MENU Options for saving and editing programs (see text).

1. Text cursor

2. Simulation display

3. * indicates that program has changed since it was last saved - save again if required.

! indicates that program has changed since simulation was last drawn -select VIEW - Redraw to update display.

Figure 5.1 Program WRITE Display

2

1

* !

3

* !

5.8


When typing in the program, precede each item with the letter at the top of thecorresponding column; at the end of each item press INPUT. The cursor will moveautomatically to the appropriate column when the letter is typed in. It is not necessary

to use the / key; the keypad automatically toggles between letters and numbers at

the appropriate points.

Type in the first line of the program. For example, the first line of the program for TUT1 is:

N G10 90

Type: G90

As the code number is typed, a message appears giving the meaning of the code. (Othermessages give indications of errors such as incorrect feed speeds).

When the line is complete, press EOB. The next line number appears automatically andthe cursor moves to the G column in the next line.

Type the second line of the program. For TUT 1 the second line is:

N G20 71

Type: G71 (EOB).

Type the third line. The third line of TUT 2 is:

N X Z30 30 10

Type X30 (INPUT) Z10 (EOB).

The cursor moves automatically to the X and Z columns. When EOB is pressed the nextline number appears and the cursor moves to the G column.

Continue to input the whole of the TUT2 program

CAUTION

REMEMBER TO SAVE YOUR PROGRAM BEFORE SWITCHING OFFTHE MACHINE, EVEN IF IT IS NOT COMPLETE. (SEE 5.9 SAVING APROGRAM).

5.8


Correcting Errors

You can place the cursor anywhere in the program, and correct errors by overtyping orby deleting characters with the ALT key and re-typing.

Use the ➔ and

➔

keys to move the text cursor vertically, and the ➔ and ➔ keysto move from column to column.

Although the display shows only three lines of the program, you can scroll the programto show any line by using the ➔ and

➔

keys.

For more extensive changes, use the editing facilities available from the MENU option,(see 5.11 Editing a Program).

5.8


HELP provides the following information which you may need to refer to when creatinga program:

G Codes - meanings

M Codes - meanings

Tool Library - graphical display of tools with tool numbers anddescriptions

Program Data - TitleWorkpiece dimensionsProgram length (no. of lines)Estimated manufacture timeTools used

Machine Data - Maximum bar sizeMinimum and maximum feedrates and speeds

The features available from the MENU option are used for saving a program (see 5.9)and editing a program (see 5.11).

5.8.3 Compact Format

To input a program in compact format, first check the software configuration as fortabulated format but set the DISPLAY TYPE to COMPACT.

Input the program information in the same way as for tabulated format. When theProgram WRITE display appears, the panel where the program is input looks like this:

Compare this with Figure 5.1. The line number and the text cursor appear, but there areno columns with identifying letters.

HELP

MENU

5.8


When typing in the program, precede each item with the letter at the top of thecorresponding column on the programming sheet; at the end of each item press INPUT.There is no need to leave spaces between items in the line; spaces will be insertedautomatically.

When each line is complete, press EOB. The next line number appears automaticallyand the cursor moves to the first (G) column in the same way as for tabulated format.

In addition, spaces are automatically inserted between items, and numerical valuesstandardised to show two decimal places. For example, in lines 30, 40 and 50 of Tutorial1 (TUT 1):

Line 30 type: X30 (INPUT) Z10 (EOB)

40 type: M04 (INPUT) X20 (INPUT) Z2 (INPUT) S2000 (EOB)

50 type: G01 (INPUT) X20 (INPUT) Z-15 (INPUT) F70 (EOB)

The display shows:

N30 X30.00 Z10.00N40 M04 X20.00 Z2.00 S2000N50 G01 X20.00 Z-15.00 F70

Error correction, and the other features of the Program WRITE display are the sameas for tabulated format.

5.8


5.9 Saving a Program

The last line of a program must consist of one of the following codes:

M99 - if the program is unfinished

M02 - for single part manufacture

M30 - for multiple part manufacture

Note:If you try to save a program which does not end with one of these codes, the software automaticallyadds the code M99 to the end of the program.

There are three ways to save a program:

a) At the last line of the program type M99, M02 or M30 as required and press EOB; theprogram will automatically be saved. (This is the recommended method).

b) from the MENU option, select Save program.

The display will show the message:

Press EOB; the program will be saved with code M99 added at the last line.

5.9


c) Press ESC

The display will show the message:

Select YES by pressing EOB; the program will be saved with code M99 added at thelast line.

5.9


5.10 Examining an Existing Program

From the main menu select PROGRAM - Program, and from the catalogue select therequired program. The screen shows the following display with a drawing of thecomponent beneath it:

The options available enable the program to be examined as follows:

Produces a 3-D view of the component.

Displays program details.

Display - lists the programEdit - see 5.11 Editing a ProgramContinue - see 5.12 Continuing a Program2D Simulate - simulates machining in 2D3D Simulate - simulates machining in 3D

To use these options (except for Edit and Continue), refer to Section 2 - Running theDemonstration Program.

INFO

VIEW

MENU

5.10


5.11 Editing a Program

A new program which has been partly written can be edited, and an existing programcan be edited, by using the MENU editing options described in 5.11.3 below. Toaccess the options, refer to 5.11.1 New Programs or 5.11.2 Existing Programs asappropriate.

5.11.1 New Programs

From the program WRITE display (Figure 5.1), select MENU .

5.11.2 Existing Programs

Refer to 5.10 Examining an Existing Program, and select MENU - Edit. The screenshows the Program EDIT display:

Scrolling:

Line down - press

➔

Line up - press ➔

5.11


Amendments to the program can be made in the same way as detailed in 5.8.2 TabulatedFormat - Input Program.

To access the editing options, select MENU .

5.11.3 MENU Editing Options

Insert Line

Inserts an additional line, and renumbers subsequent lines. Place the text cursor on theline above the required new line and press EOB.

Clear Line

Deletes program data from a line, but leaves the line number intact. Place the text cursoron the required line and press EOB. The prompt: "ARE YOU SURE? YES/NO'provides a safeguard against accidental deletion.

Go to Line

Places the text cursor on a specified line:

Type in the required line number and press EOB.

5.11


Delete Line

Delete a program line data and number from the program. Place the text cursor on theline to be deleted, and press EOB. The prompt "ARE YOU SURE? YES/NO"provides a safeguard against accidental deletion.

Find and Replace

Searches for a specific program item and enables it to be replaced by another specificitem:

For example, to find all occurrences of code M03 (spindle start - forward) and replacethem with code M04 (spindle start - reverse), starting the search from line 90 of theprogram, type in the following:

Find M03 (EOB)

Replace with MO4 (EOB)

Start line no. 90 (EOB)

5.11


SELECTIVE Search

A selective search will stop at each occurrence of the code, with the message:

To change the code to the replacement code and search for the next occurrence, selectREPLACE.

To leave the code unchanged and search for the next occurrence, select CONTINUE.

At the end of the search a report will be displayed; for example:

Press EOB.

GLOBAL Search

A global search will find each occurrence of the code and replace it with the replacementcode. At the end of the search a report will be displayed as for a selective search.

Header Edit

Enables the name (title) of the program, and the dimensions of the billet (bar) to bechanged. (Refer to 5.8.2 Tabulated Format - Input Program Information).

5.11


Block Delete

Enables highlighted blocks of the program to be omited during the manufacture cyclewhen the 'Block Delete' key on the Machine Control Panel is pressed (see section 5.1of the Installation and User manual).

Note:- Blocks containing Rapid Moves (G00), Linear (G01) and Circular Interpolations (G02& G03) CAN NOT be block deleted.

To highlight a block, the cursor is moved onto the relevent block and MENU - BlockDelete selected.

5.11


5.12 Continuing a Program

An incomplete program which has been saved can be continued at the point whereinputting was interrupted.

Refer to 5.10 Examining an Existing Program, and select MENU - Continue.

The display will simulate the completed part of the program in 2D, stopping when thelast line is reached. The M99 code will be deleted from the last line of the program,enabling inputting to be continued.

5.12

6.2 CNC and CAM MachiningBoxford 280B

6 CNC and CAM Machining

The procedures for machining a component produced by a CNC program and a CAMprogram are the same. The software executes a CNC program to manufacture thecomponent; CAM programs are converted to CNC format when they are saved, (seeSection 4 - CAM Programming, 4.9 - Processing a Profile).

6.1 Initial ChecksBefore attempting to machine a component, check:

Reference

Installation and User ManualAppendix A

Section 3

Section 5, 5.10Section 4, 4.9

Installation and User ManualSection 5

1. Machine switched on and softwarerunning.

2. Software correctly configured.

3. Tooling and offsets for required programset and checked.

4. Program verified:CNC program - verified by simulation.CAM program - automatic validation.

5. Machine initialised.(Press RESET if necessary)

6. Billet of correct material and dimensions fitted inchuck.Select PROGRAM - Program, then

INFO to check dimensions.

7. Guard closed.

8. Machine in Automatic mode.(Press AUTO key on machinecontrol panel).

Boxford 280B 6.2 CNC and CAM Machining

6.2 Manufacture

1. From the main menu, select MACHINE, then Manufacture.

The screen shows the MANUFACTURE CATALOGUE display.

2. Select the required program. The software will read the machine file for the component,and the screen will then list the tooling with the tools required by the selected programhighlighted, for example:


3. Provided that the offsets have already been checked as detailed in 6.1, selectOFFSETS CORRECT . The screen shows:

Follow the instructions. The display shows the dimensions of the billet required by theselected program. Fit the billet in the chuck, enter the length of the billet, and check thatthe appropriate tool is fitted or indexed.

4. Press EOB. The screen shows:

Home the axes, using the HOME and AXIS DIRECTION keys.

Boxford 280B 6.2 CNC and CAM Machining

5. When the axes reach the home position, the screen shows a message indicating that themachine is being initialised. When the machine has been initialised, the screen displaysthe MANUFACTURE display with prompt:

6. Press CYCLE START on the control panel. The machine performs the machining cyclewhich is simulated simultaneously on the screen display together with the program linecurrently being executed.

7. When the machining cycle is complete, the screen shows a message giving the optionof manufacturing a further component if the program ends with the code M30.

Select Yes or No as required.

If Yes is selected, the screen will prompt for another billet to be fitted.

If No is selected, the screen returns to the main menu.


6.3 Options During Machining

Pressing ESC on the keypad during a machining cycle causes a status message to bedisplayed:

Continue: Programmed machining continues.

Abort: Stops machining and cancels program.

Select the required option ising the keyboard.

6.3

The manual machining feature enables the machine to be controlled directly using thecontrol panel while the screen simultaneously displays axis displacement and spindlespeed.

Selecting Manual Mode

1. On the control panel, ensure that Manual mode is selected.

2. From the main menu, select MACHINE - Feedback. The screen shows the ManualMode Display, (Figure 7.1).

Using the Control Panel

As the tool is moved with the X and Z AXIS DIRECTION keys, the X and Z axis co-ordinates in the display alter correspondingly, giving a continuous and precise locationof the tool tip position. The tool can be moved rapidly in either axis when away fromthe workpiece using the RAPID key in conjunction with the X and Z AXIS DIRECTIONkeys.

Figure 7.1 Manual Mode Display

7 Manual Machining

4

1 2

3

1. Tool position on axes

2. Spindle speed indication3. X ZERO button4. Z ZERO button

Boxford 280B 7 Manual Machining

The tool feed rate can be increased or decreased with the FEED RATE control.

Direction of spindle rotation and spindle speed are controlled using the SPINDLE CW,CCW and STOP keys. Spindle speed is displayed on the screen in revs per minute.

A pneumatic chuck (when fitted) is opened and closed with the CHUCK OPEN andCLOSE keys.

When a tailstock is fitted, the quill is operated manually by its handwheel. On the airpowered version, the quill is operated from the control panel using the TAILSTOCKQUILL keys.

Zeroing Tool Displacement

Set the X-axis reference point with the first or reference tool using the AXISDIRECTION keys so that tool tip just touches the workpiece diameter. Select X ZEROon the screen with the appropriate Softkey. Set the Z-axis reference with the AXISDIRECTION keys, touching the tool on the workpiece. The reference point isregistered and displayed as zero in both X and Z axis displays.

Tool Changing

Turret The turret is indexed round one position at a time to any of the eight tool positions witheach press of the TURRET INDEX button.

Gang Plate Either stop the machine and manually fit another tool, or use the X and Z AXISDIRECTION keys to access another tool already fitted to the plate.

Quick Change Toolpost Whenever a tool change is required, use the STOP button to stop the spindle, lift theguard and change the tool assembly.

Returning to Automatic Mode

To return to Automatic mode, use the MODE SELECT keys; press AUTO, thenRESET.

Boxford 280 B

CNC Tutorials and Exercises

Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 1: Linear Interpolation -Tabulated and Compact Program Display

This tutorial introduces the student to simple part programming using the G01preparatory code (linear interpolation) and also the G00 code (rapid movement) whichis the default value if G01 is not selected.

The program is for the profile from A to E and does not include any roughing cuts. Donot use this program to machine a component.

The absolute co-ordinates of the points on the profile are tabulated below:

Tool used: 1 (LH Turning Tool)

Ø20

15 15

CB A

Ø24

DE

Ø25

55

T/CX30 Z10

POINT

X

Z

DATUM

0

0

A

20

0

B

20

-15

C

24

-30

D

24

-35

E

25

-35

Tutorial 1 - CNC Tutorials and Exercises

Boxford 280 B

The program is written as follows:-

ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING

METRIC UNITS

TOOL CHANGE POSITION

MOVE TO START - START SPINDLE

A TO B

B TO C

C TO D

D TO E

SPINDLE STOP - TOOL CHANGE

END PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

90

71

01

01

01

01

04

05

02

30

20

20

24

24

25

30

10

2

-15

-30

-35

-35

10

70

70

70

70

2000

DRAWINGNUMBER TITLE. WRITTEN BY

MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S

SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION

DUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING ALUMN

TUT 1 1 1

PROGRAMMING SHEET STEEL EN1A

2500


Boxford 280 B

Note:

The first tool is selected when setting up the machine. G00 is the default value if G01 is not selected.

Using a compact display (CONFIG menu - Program - DISPLAY TYPE-COMPACT)the program will be:

N10 G90

N20 G71

N30 X30 Z10

N40 M04 X20 Z2 S2500

N50 G01 X20 Z-15 F70

N60 G01 X24 Z-30 F70

N70 G01 X24 Z-35 F70

N80 G01 X25 Z-35 F70

N90 M05 X30 Z10

N100 M02


Boxford 280 B

Ø15

18 10

CB A

Ø20

DE

Ø25

102

T/CX15 Z15

Exercise 1: Simple Programming - Absolute Co-ordinates

1. Tabulate the absolute co-ordinates of points A to E on the profile.

2. Using a programming sheet write a program to machine the profile.

3. Enter the program and simulate the tool movements.

(Do not attempt to machine the component)


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 2: Incremental Co-ordinate Programming

The incremental co-ordinates of the points on the profile are tabulated below.

POINT

X

Z

DATUM

0

0

A

20

0

B

0

-15

C

4

-15

D

0

-5

E

1

0

The program is written as follows:


METRIC UNITS


START POINT - SPINDLE START

MOVE TO A

INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING

A TO B

B TO C

C TO D

D TO E



END OF PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

90

71

01

91

01

01

01

01

90

04

05

30

30.0

20.0

0

4.0

0

1.0

30.0

10.0

2.0

0

-15.0

-15.0

-5.0

0

10.0

70

70

70

70

70

2000

TUT 2


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


1 1

DUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNINGPROGRAMMING SHEET STEEL EN1A

2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 2: Simple Programming - Incremental Co-ordinates

Using the component shown in Tutorial 1:

1. Tabulate the incremental co-ordinates of points A to E on the profile.


3. Enter the program and simulate the tool movements.

(Do not attempt to machine the component)


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft

This tutorial introduces the student to the completion of operation and programmingsheets and the writing of a program for a component requiring roughing and finishingcuts.

The operations sheet lists the sequence of machining operations, feed, spindle speed andthe tool required. It also gives details of the material and its position in the chuck. Aroughing and a finishing cut have been asked for on each diameter.

The programming sheet lists the program to machine the component; an explanationof each line has been given in the left hand column. The datum is at the right hand endof the component.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER

BILLET MATERIAL TYPE NO. 1 TITLE

TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.

SPINDLESPEEDOPERATION DESCRIPTION

ALUMINIUM

O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT25 0 40 TUT 3

1 FACE 2500 70 12 TURN3456 CHAMFER 1.5 x 45 TO Ø 237 TURN89 TOOL PARK POSITION RAPID10 END PROGRAM

Ø15

40

Ø22

Ø25

Ø19

35

1030

Ø 23.5 x 35Ø 22 x 35Ø 20.5 x 31Ø 19 x 30

Ø 17 x 10Ø 15 x 10

O

45O

DUET OPERATIONS SHEET - TURNINGDRAWINGNUMBER

STEEL EN1A


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF


SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC UNITS

TOOL PARK POSITION

START SPINDLE

RAPID TO START POSITION

FACE END OF MATERIAL

RAPID CLEAR OF FACE

RAPID TO FIRST CUT DIAMETER

CUT Ø 23.5 X 35mm LONG

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

POSITION FOR NEXT CUT

CUT DIAMETER X 35mm LONG

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



CUT CHAMFER X 45

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

POSITION FOR NEXT CUT (Ø 15)


TOOL PARK POSITION/STOP SPINDLE

END PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

90

71

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

04

05

30

30.0

26.0

-1.0

23.5

24.5

22.0

23.0

20.5

21.5

19.0

23.0

17.0

18.0

15.0

30.0

10

0

1

-35

1

-35

1

-31

1

-30

-32

1

-10

1

-10

10

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

2000

Ø 25 X 40 ALUMN.

1 1A.N, OTHERTUT 3

O

TUT3 T2

DUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNINGPROGRAMMING SHEET Ø 25X40 STEEL EN1A

2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 3: Turning and Facing a Stepped Shaft

The component for this exercise is similar to that in Tutorial 3.

1. Write an operations sheet for this component

2. Write a program to machine the component

3. Give your program a test run and edit it if necessary.

Ø10

15

Ø20

Ø25

Ø15

25

35

40


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 4: Circular Interpolation

This gives an explanation of the G02 and G03 codes for clockwise and anticlockwisecirculated interpolation respectively.

The programs are for the profile only and do not include any roughing cuts. Do not usethese programs to machine a component.

Circular Interpolation (G02 and G03)

To program an arc it is necessary to define a FINISH point by an X and Z dimensionand, in addition either

(a) I and K values which give the co-ordinate of the arc centre from thestart point in the X and Z directions respectively; (these are unsigned) or

(b) the radius of the arc as an I value.

The start and finish point of an arc must be in the same quadrant. A semi-circle requirestwo blocks to be programmed.

G02 Clockwise Circular Interpolation

POINT

X

Z

DATUM

0

0

A

17

0

B

17

-22

C

25

-25


Tool used: 1 (LH Turning Tool)

Ø25

Ø19

255

C

BA

R3

T/CX30 Z10


Boxford 280 B


Note:In block N70 I and K are the co-ordinates of the arc centre measured from the start of the arc.

This program is for the profile only and does not include any roughing cuts.


METRIC UNITS


START POINT-SPINDLE START

A TO B

B TO C

SPINDLE STOP-TOOL CHANGE

END PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

71

01

02

04

05

30

30

19

19

25

30

10

2

-22

-25

10

70

70

2000

TUT 4/1

3 0


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


1 1

ALUMNDUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNINGPROGRAMMING SHEET STEEL EN1A

2500


Boxford 280 B

G03 Counter Clockwise Circular Interpolation

Ø25

Ø23

205

D R3

T/CX30 Z10

C

Ø17

E

B

A


POINT

X

Z

DATUM

0

0

A

17

0

B

23

-3

C

23

-20

D

25

-20

E

17

-3

Tool used : 1 LH Turning Tool

Tutorial 4Tutorial 4 - CNC Tutorials and Exercises

Boxford 280 B

70


Note:

3 in block N60 is the radius of the arc.

This program is for the profile only and does not include any roughing cuts.


METRIC UNITS


START POINT - SPINDLE START

POINT A

A TO B

B TO C

C TO D


END PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

90

71

01

03

01

01

04

05

30

30

17

17

23

23

25

30

10

2

-0

-3

-20

-20

10

70

70

70

2000

TUT 4/2

3


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


11

ALUMNDUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNINGPROGRAMMING SHEET

2500

STEEL EN1A


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 4: Circular Interpolation

This exercise uses both the G02 and G03 codes.

1. Tabulate the absolute co-ordinates of points A to D on the profile.


3. Give your program a test run and edit it if necessary.Ø

25

Ø19

255

DR3

C

E

B

A

R3


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with a ToolChange

This tutorial gives a further example of circular interpolation and also illustrates how torough surplus material from the billet so that the maximum depth of cut of 3mm on thediameter is not exceeded.

Suppose that it is required to take roughing cuts before turning an arc of 4mm radiuson a steel component. A scale drawing of the arc section will reveal the variationsbetween the lengths of roughing cut. In the drawing below, the horizontal lines representthe depths of cut and the vertical lines the lengths of roughing cuts.

An alternative method is to take chamfering cuts on the surplus material. This isgenerally more difficult to program because the X co-ordinates are measured on thediameter and so are double the corresponding Z co-ordinates to give a 45 degreechamfer.

The drawing on the next page is used to determine the length of the roughing cuts; 2mmis left on the diameter before the final finishing cut is taken.

The operations sheet shows the details of the roughing cuts and a program for thecomponent is given. Test run the program and examine its operation.


Boxford 280 B

I5 denotes a centre drill

Ø19Ø17Ø15

Ø25Ø23

Ø19

Ø11Ø13

Ø21

X19, Z-35 X19, Z-27

X11, Z-27 X11, Z-4

X3, Z-4

X11, Z-23 X3, Z0Ø8

Programming a Tool Change

The first tool to be used enters the program as part of the initial programminginformation. The second and subsequent tools are entered on the program with twolines of information. The first line stops the spindle and moves the tool away from thework, and the second line selects the next tool. A typical example of this is:

LINEN70

N80

G M05

06

X30.00

Z10.00

I

5

K F S


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER

BILLET MATERIAL TYPE NO. 1 TITLE

TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM


1 FACE 2000 70 12 TURN3456789

RAPID10 TAKE CONTINUOUS FINISHING CUT

Ø 23 x 35Ø 21 x 35Ø 19 x 24Ø 17 x 23

11 TOOL PARK POSITION12 CHANGE TOOLS1314 TOOL PARK POSITION15 END PROGRAM

Ø 15 x 22Ø 13 x 22Ø 11 x 2Ø 8 x 1

PART OFF TO LENGTH

2500

2000RAPID

90

50 11

Ø11

Ø19

Ø25

3735

23

R4R4


OPERATIONS SHEETSTEEL EN1A

2500

2500

3000


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC DIMENSIONS



RAPID CLEAR OF FACE


CUT Ø 23 X 35mm LONG

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK



RAPID CLEAR OF FACE

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

90

71

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

04

30.0

26.0

-1.0

23.0

24.0

21.0

22.0

19.0

20.0

17.0

18.0

15.0

16.0

13.0

14.0

11.0

13.0

10.0

0

1.0

-35.0

1.0

-35.0

1.0

-24.0

1.0

-23.0

1.0

-22.0

1.0

-22.0

1.0

-2.0

1.0

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

2000

TUT 5


21

START SPINDLERAPID TO START POSITION


2500


Boxford 280 B



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

POSITION FOR NEXT CUT (FINISHING CUT)

FINISH CUT 4mm RADIUS

FINISH TURN Ø 11

FINISH 4mm RADIUS

FINISH TURN Ø 19


I11 IS A PARTING TOOL

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

01

03

01

03

01

01

05

06

04

05

30

8.0

9.0

3.0

11.0

11.0

19.0

19.0

30.0

27.0

-1.0

30.0

30.0

--1.0

1.0

0

-4.0

-23.0

-27.0

-35.0

10.0

-38.6

10.0

70

90

90

90

90

70

2000

TUT 5

MOVE TO PARTING POSITION - SPINDLE ON(TOOL 1.6mm WIDE)

PART OFF

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


END PROGRAM

4

4

11

2500


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


22

DUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNING PROGRAMMING SHEET STEEL EN1A

2500

3000


Boxford 280 B

Ø25

Ø11

40

R4

R3

Ø17

32.4

16

Exercise 5: Circular Interpolation and Roughing Cuts with aTool Change

This exercise uses clockwise circular interpolation, tool changing and parting off.

1. Complete an operations sheet for roughing and finishing the component below.

2. Using a programming sheet write a program to machine the component.



Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning

This tutorial serves as an introduction to Canned Cycles which simplify the programmingof respective operations.

The tutorial is in two parts. In the first part the G82 canned cycle for facing is considered,and in the second part the G81 canned cycle for roughing outside diameters is used.

G82 Facing Cycle

Examine the operations sheet and drawing for TUT 6/1. It is required to reduce thelength of the billet from 40mm to 30mm in 25 cuts.

In all outside diameter canned cycle operations, at the commencement of the cycle, thetip of the tool must be positioned at a stand-off point on the previous line of the programcode. This point is always 2mm greater (on diameter) measured from the work. In thiscycle it is also necessary to have a stand-off along the Z axis. This position is 2mm clearof the end of the work.

On completion of the cycle the tool will return to its start point.

Tool used: 1 (LH turning tool)

Stand-off point: at X27 Z2

X (total cut depth): it is usual to go past the centre line by 0.5 to clear the end, i.e. stand-off dia + 1mm = 28

Z (total cut width, excludes the stand-off) = 10

I (no of cuts) = 25

F (feed rate) = 70mm/min

The program is shown on the programming sheet.

Test run the program and examine how the cycle operates.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER

BILLET MATERIAL TYPE NO. TITLE

TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM

O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT25 0 40 TUT 6/1

1 TOOL PARK POSITION 2000

70

12 STAND OFF POSITION345

RAPID

Ø25

FACE OFF TO 30mm LONG USING G82 CYCLE WITH 25 CUTSTOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

RAPID

302mmON DIA.

2mm



2500


Boxford 280 B


METRIC UNITS


SPINDLE START STAND OFF POINT

FACING CYCLE


END OF PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

90

71

82

04

05

30

30.0

27.0

28.0

30.0

10.0

2.0

-10.0

10.0

70

2000

TUT 6/1

25


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


1 1


2500

STEEL EN1A


Boxford 280 B

G81 Rough Turning.

The component previously machined is now required to have its outside diameterreduced from 25mm to 15mm for a length 25mm.

This is shown on the drawing and operations sheet for TUT 6/2.

The program for TUT 6/1 can be edited and extended by using the G81 canned cycle.Because it is the same component it retains work datum X0,Y0 and so the stand-offpoint for G81 will be X27, Z-9.5 i.e. 2mm greater in diameter and 0.5 clear of the workin the Z axis.

Tool used: 1 (LH turning tool)

Stand-off point: X27, Z-9.

X (total cut depth ,i.e. the difference between the original dia and the final dia excludingthe stand-off) =10

Z (total length of travel in the Z axis i.e. cut length plus any stand-off in the Z direction)=-25.5

I (no. of cuts required) =5

F (feed rate) =70

The program for TUT 6/2 is shown on the programming sheet. This can be used toextend TUT 6/1 at the appropriate block no.

Extend TUT 6/1, test it and examine its operation.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM

O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT25 40 40 TUT 6/2

1 TOOL PARK POSITION 2000

70


RAPID

Ø25

TURN Ø15 x 25mm LONG USING G81 CYCLE WITH 5 CUTSTOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

RAPID

30

RAPID

25

Ø15

continued from TUT 6/1


OPERATIONS SHEET

2500

STEEL EN1A


Boxford 280 B


METRIC UNITS



FACING CYCLE



ROUGH TURNING CYCLE


END OF PROGRAM

10

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90

100

90

71

82

81

04

05

04

05

30

30.0

27.0

28.0

30.0

27.0

10.0

30.0

10.0

2.0

-10.0

10.0

-9.5

-25.5

10.0

70

70

2000

2000

TUT 6/2

25

5


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


11


2500

2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 6: Canned Cycles - Facing and Rough Turning

You are required to produce a component which fulfils the following machiningspecification:

a) Billet size Ø25mm x 40mm stickout from chuck.

b) Billet material - steel EN1A.

c) Face to 35mm length with 15 cuts.

d) Outside diameter roughed to 19mm in cuts not exceeding 3mmon diameter.

e) Part off to a finished length of 30mm.

Complete the following tasks:

1. Complete an operation sheet for the above machining operations.

2. Using a programming sheet write a program for the component.



Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving

Examine the operations sheet and drawing.

The G82 grooving cycle is carried out using tool no.11 - the parting off tool. This toolis 2mm wide, and when setting offsets its reference face is taken as the side nearest thechuck.

The cycle is used to cut a rectangular section groove of width exceeding 4mm. Beforeentering the canned cycle routine it is necessary to create a slot of width 2mm + the widthof the tool to the required depth. This is accomplished by using the parting off tool andprogramming code G01. After cutting this narrow groove take the tool to its stand-offposition which is always 2mm greater (on diameter) measured from the work and 2mmstand-off along the Z axis.

Relationship of stand-off position to preparatory slot.

Stand-off point: at X22 Z-12

X (the difference between the stand-off diameter at the bottom of thegroove 22-15) = 7

Z (the additional width of the groove 10-4) = 6

I (no. of cuts) = 10

F (feedrate) = 70

The program is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine its operation.

2mm2mm ON DIA.

2mm PARTING TOOL

4 10


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM


1 FACE 2000

70


70

Ø25

TURN Ø20 x 35 USING G81 CYCLE WITH 3 CUTSCHAMFER 1mm x 45 TO Ø20TOOL PARK POSITION RAPID

40

6 CHANGE TOOLS7 CUT SLOT Ø15 x 3.168910

EXTEND GROOVE TO 10mm LONG USING G82 CANNED CYCLETOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

O

2000 50

RAPID

RAPID

11

35

20

10

Ø20

1mm x 45O

Ø20

Ø15



2500

2500


Boxford 280 B


METRIC UNITS



RAPID CLEAR OF FACE

RAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION

TURN Ø 20 X 35

RAPID TO START OF CHAMFER

CUT CHAMFER


CHANGE TOOL TO PARTING TOOL

START MACHINING PREP SLOT

RAPID CLEAR OF DIAMETER

RAPID TO NEXT SLOT

MACHINE SLOT


RAPID TO NEXT SLOT

MACHINE SLOT



GROOVING CYCLE

SPINDLE STOP - TOOL PARK POSITION

END OF PROGRAM

10

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100

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140

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160

170

180

190

200

210

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230

240

250

90

71

01

81

01

01

01

01

82

04

05

06

04

05

30

30.0

26.0

-1.0

27.0

5.0

18.0

20.0

30.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

7.0

30.0

10.0

0

1.0

0.5

-35.5

0

-1.0

10.0

-11.6

-12.6

-13.6

-11.6

-6.4

10.0

70

70

70

50

50

50

7010

TUT 7


START SPINDLE - RAPID TO START OFPREPARATORY SLOT

11

3

2000

2000


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


11


2500

2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 7: Canned Cycles - Grooving.


a) Billet size Ø25 x 40mm stickout from chuck

b) Billet material - steel EN1A.

c) Face to a length of 40mm with one cut.

d) Rough outside diameter to 18mm in cuts not exceeding 2mm ondiameter.

e) Machine a groove of depth 6mm x 12mm long starting 8mmfrom the free end.


1. Complete an operations sheet for the above maching operations.




Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 8: Canned Cycles - External LH Thread.

Note:A threading tool is required for this tutorial.

Examine the operations sheet and drawing for TUT 8.

The component is the same as that for TUT 7 except that a screw thread has been addedand the component has to be parted off.

The program for TUT 7 can be edited and extended to include the screw thread by usingthe G84 canned cycle. The work datum X0 Y0 is the same as that for TUT 7.

The stand off point for G84 will X22 Z1.5, i.e. 2mm greater in diameter and 1.5 clearof the work in the Z axis.

Tool used: 4 (threading tool).

Z (total length from stand-off, negative for left hand thread, positive for right handthread) -10 + 1.5 = -11.5.

I (depth of thread, measured on diameter) = 1.23 for 1.00mm pitch.

K (no. of cuts); the minimum is 10 cuts and this is suitable for up to 1.00mm pitch.

Note:

After the first movement in the X axis there is a pause whilst the software looks for the spindle markerpoint.

The program for TUT 8 is shown on the programming sheet. This can be used to extendTUT 7 at the appropriate block no.

Extend TUT 7, test it and examine its operation.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM

O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT25 0 40

continued from TUT 7

4101112

Ø25

CHANGE TOOLSTAND OFF POSITIONCUT Ø20 x 0.75mm PITCH THREAD USING G84 CYCLE WITH 15 CUTS

RAPID

40

13 TOOL CHANGE POSITION14 CHANGE TOOL151617

PART OFF TO LENGTH 32mmTOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

400

50RAPID

11

32

20

10

Ø20

M20 x 0.75mm

RAPID

2000

Ø15

TUT 8



2500

CUT 20 x 1.00mm PITCH THREAD USING G84 CYCLE WITH 10 CUTS


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC UNITS



RAPID CLEAR OF FACE


TURN Ø 20 X 35

RAPID TO START OF CHAMFER

CUT CHAMFER


CHANGE TOOL TO PARTING TOOL

START MACHINING PREP SLOT


RAPID TO NEXT SLOT

MACHINE SLOT


RAPID TO NEXT SLOT

MACHINE SLOT



GROOVING CYCLE

SPINDLE STOP - TOOL PARK POSITION

TOOL CHANGE (THREADING)

CUT THREAD

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

90

71

01

81

01

01

01

01

82

84

04

05

06

04

05

06

04

30.0

26.0

-1.0

27.0

5.0

18.0

20.0

30.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

15.0

22.0

7.0

30.0

22.0

10.0

0

1.0

0.5

-35.5

0

-1.0

10.0

-11.6

-12.6

-13.6

-11.6

-6.4

10.0

1.5

-11.5

70

70

70

50

50

50

70

0.75

10

4

0.82

TUT 8



START SPINDLE - RAPID TO START OFPREPARATORY SLOT

11

3

2000

2000

START SPINDLERAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION

400

10

21


2500

2500

1.23 1.00


Boxford 280 B

RAPID TO TOOL CHANGE

TOOL CHANGE - PARTING (1.6mm WIDE)

PART OFF

RAPID TO CLEAR WORK


END OF PROGRAM

280

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300

310

320

330

340

01

05

06

04

05

30

30.0

22.0

-1.0

25.0

30.0

10.0

-33.6

10.0

70

TUT 8

2500START SPINDLERAPID TO PART OFF POSITION

11


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


2 2



Boxford 280 B

Exercise 8: Canned Cycles - External RH Thread.

This exercise is a repeat of Tutorial 6 except that the 20mm diameter has a right handthread.Note that the Z value in the G84 cycle for a right hand thread is positive.

A new position for the thread stand-off point will have to be calculated.

1. Complete an operations sheet, based on TUT 7 for the shape and TUT 8 suitablymodified for the thread.




Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 9: Canned Cycles - Peck Drilling

Note:A 7mm drill is required for this tutorial.


It is required to face the billet, and turn the 23mm diameter, centre drill to a depth of5mm, peck drill the 07 hole and then part off the component.

The stand-off point for G83 will be X0 Z2, i.e. 2mm clear of the face.

Tool used: (7) drill.

Z (total depth of hole excluding the stand-off) = -20

I (drill diameter) = 7

K (the reduction; a decimal value). This is the percentage by which the second andsubsequent pecks are reduced, until the required depth is reached, e.g. 0.99, (the firstpeck is twice the drill diameter).

F (feed rate) = 50mm/min.

The program for TUT 9 is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine itsoperation.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM


FACE

5345

Ø25

TOOL CHANGE POSITIONCHANGE TOOLCENTRE DRILL 5mm DEEP

RAPID

40

6 TOOL CHANGE POSITION7 CHANGE TOOL89

10

STAND OFF POSITIONDRILL Ø7 HOLE x 20mm DEEP USING G83 CYCLETOOL CHANGE POSITION

2000

50RAPID

11

35

32

RAPID

2000TURN Ø23 x 35

12

1314

1112

CHANGE TOOLPART OFF TO LENGTH (1.6 PARTING TOOL)TOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

TUT 9

1500

2000

70 1

50

RAPID

50RAPID

7

Ø23Ø7

20



2500

2500

1750

2500


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC UNITS

RAPID TO TOOL CHANGE


RAPID CLEAR OF FACE

RAPID TO START OF Ø 23 CUT

TURN Ø 23 X 35


CHANGE TO CENTRE DRILL

DRILL 5mm DEEP

RETRACT DRILL


TOOL CHANGE - Ø7 DRILL

G83 PECK DRILL CYCLE


TOOL CHANGE - 1.6mm PARTING

PART OFF

CLEAR WORK

SPINDLE STOP - PARK POSITION

END OF PROGRAM

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

90

71

01

01

01

83

01

04

05

06

03

05

06

03

05

06

04

05

30

30.0

26.0

-1.0

23.0

30.0

0

30.0

0

30.0

25.0

-1.0

25.0

30.0

10.0

0

1.0

-35.0

10.0

1.0

-5.0

2.0

10.0

2.0

-20.0

10.0

-33.6

10.0

70

70

80

50

70

TUT 9



SPINDLE START FORWARDC/ DRILL 1mm STAND OFF

7

5

2000

2000

START SPINDLERAPID TO STAND OFF POSITION 1750

SPINDLE STARTMOVE TO PARTING POSITION

7

11

7

0.9

2000

1 1


2500

2500

2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 9: Canned Cycles - Deep Hole Peck Drilling

Note:A 5mm drill is required for this tutorial.


a) Billet size Ø25 x 40mm stickout from chuck.

b) Billet material -steel EN1A

c) Face to a length of 40mm with one cut.

d) Rough outside diameter to 19mm in cuts not exceeding 3mm ondiameter.

e) Centre drill.

f) Peck drill a 5mm dia. hole 12mm deep.

g) Part off to 30mm long.


1. Complete an operations sheet for the above machining operations.


3. Give your program a run and edit it if necessary.

Use tutorials 6 and 9 to help you with this exercise.


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 10 : Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs

The topic of circular interpolation was introduced in Tutorial 4. These arcs were of 90degrees and occupied a single quadrant. If the arc is less than 90 degrees, it is called apartial arc.

Examples of partial arcs are shown below:

1. Two partial arcs programmed next to each other to form a groove. In this case, care hasto be taken to ensure that the correct tools are chosen so that the toolholders do not rubagainst the edges of the groove.

2. Four partial arcs connecting tapers.

3. A partial arc as a fillet to a taper and a shoulder.

RRRR

R

R

R

1

2 3


Boxford 280 B


The drawing shows a component turned with a taper together with two partial arcs - oneclockwise and the other one counter-clockwise.

The operations sheet gives details of the roughing cuts.

The I and K values are determined in the same way as for 90° arcs, i.e.

(a) the I value is the incremental distance measured along the X axis andthe K value is the distance measured along the Z axis to the arc centrefrom the tool position at the commencement of the cut, or

(b) the I value is the radius.

The X and Z values are the co-ordinates of the tool at the finish of the arc.

The calculations required to determine these values may involve trigonometry.

The program for TUT 10 is shown on the programming sheet. Test it and examine itsoperation.


Boxford 280 B

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


ALUMINIUM


FACE

345

Ø25

Ø21 x 28.5Ø19 x 28Ø17 x 27

40

6 Ø15 x 217 Ø13 x 138910

Ø11 x 7Ø9 x 2Ø7 x 1

11

35

30

2000TURN Ø23 x 29

12

1314

1112

FACE Ø2 (START OF RAD)TURN 4mm RAD TO Ø9.93TURN TAPER

TUT 10

2000

70 1

RAPID1516

TURN Ø24 x 36.6 (1.6mm PARTING TOOL)TOOL PARK POSITION

1920

1718

CHANGE TOOLPART OFF TO LENGTH (35mm)TOOL PARK POSITIONEND PROGRAM

TURN 4mm RAD TO Ø24

50RAPID

R4

Ø2

Ø9.

93

3.48

R4

Ø24

Ø16

.07

26.53



2500

2500


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC UNITS



RAPID CLEAR OF FACE


CUT Ø 23 X 29mm LONG

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 21 X 28.5

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 19 X 28

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 17 X 27

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 15 X 21

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 13 X 13

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 11 X 7

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

90

71

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

01

04

30.0

26.0

-1.0

23.0

24.0

21.0

22.0

19.0

20.0

17.0

18.0

15.0

16.0

13.0

14.0

11.0

12.0

10.0

0

1.0

-29.0

1.0

-28.5

1.0

-28.0

1.0

-27.0

1.0

-21.0

1.0

-13.0

1.0

-7.0

1.0

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

TUT 10


START SPINDLERAPID TO START POSITION 2000

21


2500


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S



CUT Ø 9 X 2

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT Ø 7 X 1

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

TURN RADIUS

TURN TAPER

TURN RADIUS

TURN Ø 24


TOOL CHANGE - PARTING TOOL

PART OFF

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

SPINDLE STOP - PARK POSITION

END OF PROGRAM

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

01

01

03

01

02

01

01

05

06

04

05

30

9.0

10.0

7.0

8.0

2.0

9.93

16.07

24.0

24.0

30.0

25.0

-1.0

25.0

30.0

-2.0

1.0

-1.0

1.0

0

-3.48

-26.53

-30.0

-36.6

10.0

-36.6

10.0

70

70

70

70

70

70

50

TUT 10

RAPID TO FACE Ø 2 - (START OF RADIUS)

2000

4

4

11START SPINDLERAPID TO PART OFF POSITION

22


2500


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 10: Circular Interpolation - Partial Arcs.

You are required to produce the component drawn below.

The billet size is Ø25 x 40mm stickout from chuck.

The billet material is steel EN1A.

R5

R10

Ø25

12

22

296

Ø10

Ø15

Ø23


1. Complete an operations sheet for the above component.




Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 11: Combining G Codes to Produce a Program.

In this tutorial a selection of preparatory codes (G codes) is used to produce thecomponent shown.

Test run the program and examine its operation.

Ø23

10.75

20

DRILL POINT

Ø17

Ø18

Ø20

16.75

19.5

28

34

R1.5R6.5

THREAD 0.75mm PITCH L.H.

DRILL Ø7


Boxford 280 B


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


METRIC UNITS

TOOL PARK POSITION


RAPID CLEAR OF FACE



RAPID CLEAR OF WORK


CUT DIAMETER X 23.5mm LONG

RAPID CLEAR OF WORK

CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING IN

CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING OUT

RAPID TO STAND OFF FOR G81 CYCLE

REDUCE DIAMETER BY 3mm IN 2 CUTS

POSITION FOR FIRST ANGLE CUT

CUT CHAMFER

RAPID CLEAR OF FACE


CUT CHAMFER

RAPID TO Ø 4mm

CUT 6.5 RADIUS TO Ø 17mm


CUT 1.5 RADIUS TO Ø 20mm


10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

90

71

01

01

01

01

01

81

01

01

03

01

02

01

04

04

30.0

26.0

-1.0

23.0

23.5

21.5

22.0

20.0

23.5

3.0

14.0

18.5

12.0

18.5

4.0

17.0

20.0

10.00

0

1.00

-35.00

0.50

-23.50

-16.00

-19.50

-27.00

0.50

-10.50

-2.80

0.50

-4.40

0

-6.50

-9.25

-10.75

-16.75

70

80

80

70

70

80

50

40

50

70

50

70

TUT 11



2000CHANGE SPINDLE SPEEDRAPID TO ZERO IN Z AXIS

1

2

0

1.5

6.5

0

1 2


2500

2500

STEEL EN1A


Boxford 280 B

CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING IN

CUT TAPER - TOOL CUTTING OUT

STOP SPINDLE - TOOL PARK POSITION

CHANGE TO TOOL 5 - C/DRILL

CUT TO DEPTH

RAPID CLEAR OF FACE


CHANGE TO TOOL 7 - Ø 7mm DRILL

DRILL 20mm DEEP WITH G83 CYCLE


CHANGE TO TOOL 4

CUT THREAD WITH G84 CYCLE (106mm)


CHANGE TO TOOL 11

START SPINDLE - RAPID TO POSITION

PART OFF TO LENGTH

CLEAR WORK


END OF PROGRAM

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

360

370

380

390

400

410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

01

01

01

83

84

01

05

06

03

05

06

03

05

06

04

05

06

04

05

02

18.0

23.0

30.0

0

30.0

0

30.0

22.0

30.0

25.0

-0.5

30.0

30.0

-19.50

-28.00

10.00

3.00

-5.00

3.00

10.00

2.00

-20.00

10.00

-9.25

-10.25

10.0

-34.00

10.00

70

50

50

50

0.75

40

TUT 11


11



0.82

4

7

7

5

10

0.99

7

2000

400

2000


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


22


2000

1500

2500

0.92


Boxford 280 B

Exercise 11: Using a Combination of G Codes

You are required to produce the component drawn below.

The billet size is Ø25 x 40mm stickout from the chuck.

The billet material is steel EN1A.


1. Complete an operations sheet for the above component.



Ø22

Ø16

Ø20

R2THREAD 0.75mm PITCH L.H.

Ø14

5

10

12

22

30

35

DRILL Ø5

Ø6

15

DRILL POINT

R5


Boxford 280 B

Tutorial 12: Programming Spindle Orientation & Driven Tool.

In this tutorial the spindle orientation, shotbolt and driven tool are programmedappropriately to drill 2 radial holes at 180 deg intervals. Note the X values are -ve as thedriven tool is positioned at the opposite end of the cross slide than the Turret of QuickChange Tool Post.

DrawingNumber

Programming Sheet

10

20

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TITLE W r i t t e n B yTUT12M a t e r i a l Steel EN1A

S H E E T N o . 1 O F 2SEQ U EN CED ESCR IPTIO N

No. P R E PF U N C T IO N

M IS CF U N C T IO N

A X ISC O O R D IN A T E S

F E E DR AT E

S P IN D L ES P E E D

90

71

01

01

06

16

51

10

52

16

51

52

11

30

N G M X Z I K F S

- 4 0 .0 0

- 2 0 .0 0

- 4 0 .0 0

- 2 0 .0 0

- 4 0 .0 0

- 4 0 .0 0

2 0 .0 0

-2 0 .0 0

2 0 .0 0

8

0

180

50

50

A B S O L U T E P R O G R A M M IN G

M E T R IC U N IT S

P A R K P O S IT IO N

T O O L C H A N G E (D R IV E N )

S P IN D L E O R IE N T A T IO N

E N G A G E S H O T B O LT

D R IV E N T O O L A C T IV A T E

M O V E T O O U T S ID E O F B A R

D R IL L R A D IA L H O L E

P U L L O U T D R IV E N T O O L

D IS E N G A G E S H O T B O LT

S P IN D L E O R IE N T A T IO N

E N G A G E S H O T B O LT

D R IL L R A D IA L H O L E

P U L L O U T D R IV E N T O O L

D IS E N G A G E S H O T B O LT

D R IV E N T O O L O F F

P A R K P O S IT IO N

E N D O F P R O G R A M /R P T


OPERATIONS SHEET

DUET OPERATIONS SHEET - TURNING

OPERATIONNUMBER


TOOLFEED

TOOLNO.


O/DIA. I/DIA. STICKOUT

3456789

10

12

1314

1112

1516

1920

1718

DRAWINGNUMBER

OPERATIONS SHEET

PROGRAMMING SHEET


MATERIAL:

SHEET No. OF

SEQUENCE No.

PREPFUNCTION

MISCFUNCTION

AXISCOORDINATES

FEEDRATE

SPINDLESPEED

N G M X Z I K F S


DUET PROGRAMMING SHEET-TURNINGPROGRAMMING SHEET

Manual de Cnc Torno

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