Technical reference manual Line distance protection IED REL 670 ANSI

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Technical reference manualLine distance protection IED REL 670

About this manualDocument No: 1MRK 506 275-UUS Issued: March 2007 Product version: 1.1 Revision:

Copyright 2007 ABB. All rights reserved.

COPYRIGHT WE RESERVE ALL RIGHTS TO THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IN THE EVENT THAT A PATENT IS ISSUED AND A DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PROPRIETARY RIGHT IS REGISTERED. IMPROPER USE, IN PARTICULAR REPRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION TO THIRD PARTIES, IS NOT PERMITTED. THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN CAREFULLY CHECKED. HOWEVER, IN CASE ANY ERRORS ARE DETECTED, THE READER IS KINDLY REQUESTED TO NOTIFY THE MANUFACTURER AT THE ADDRESS BELOW. THE DATA CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR THE CONCEPT OR PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND IS NOT TO BE DEEMED TO BE A STATEMENT OF GUARANTEED PROPERTIES. IN THE INTERESTS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, WE CONSTANTLY SEEK TO ENSURE THAT OUR PRODUCTS ARE DEVELOPED TO THE LATEST TECHNOLOGICAL STANDARDS. AS A RESULT, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THERE MAY BE SOME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HW/SW PRODUCT AND THIS INFORMATION PRODUCT. Manufacturer:ABB Inc. 3450 Harvester Road Burlington, ON L7N 3W5, Canada Phone: (905) 639-8840 Fax: (905) 333-7565 ABB Inc. 7036 Snowdrift Road Allentown, PA 18106, USA Phone: (610) 395-7333 Toll Free: (800) 634-6005 Fax: (610) 395-1055

Contents

ChapterChapter 1

PageIntroduction ..................................................................... 1Introduction to the technical reference manual.................................... 2 About the complete set of manuals for an IED ............................... 2 About the technical reference manual ............................................ 3 Design of the Technical reference manual (TRM) .......................... 4 Introduction................................................................................ 4 Principle of operation................................................................. 4 Input and output signals ............................................................ 7 Function block ........................................................................... 7 Setting parameters .................................................................... 7 Technical data ........................................................................... 7 Intended audience .......................................................................... 7 General...................................................................................... 7 Requirements ............................................................................ 8 Related documents......................................................................... 8 Revision notes ................................................................................ 9

Chapter 2

Local human-machine interface .................................. 11Medium size graphic HMI .................................................................. 12 Design .......................................................................................... 12 Keypad............................................................................................... 17 LHMI related functions....................................................................... 19 Introduction ................................................................................... 19 General setting parameters .......................................................... 19 Status indication LEDs ................................................................. 19 Design ..................................................................................... 19 Function block ......................................................................... 20 Input and output signals .......................................................... 20 Indication LEDs ............................................................................ 20 Introduction.............................................................................. 20 Design ..................................................................................... 21 Function block ......................................................................... 28 Input and output signals .......................................................... 28 Setting parameters .................................................................. 29

Chapter 3

Basic IED functions ...................................................... 33Analog inputs ..................................................................................... 34 Introduction ................................................................................... 34 Principle of operation .................................................................... 34 Function block .............................................................................. 35 Output signals............................................................................... 36 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 38

Contents

Authorization ...................................................................................... 44 Authorization handling in the tool.................................................. 44 Authorization handling in the IED ................................................. 50 Self supervision with internal event list .............................................. 51 Introduction ................................................................................... 51 Principle of operation .................................................................... 51 Internal signals ........................................................................ 52 Run-time model ....................................................................... 54 Function block............................................................................... 56 Output signals............................................................................... 56 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 56 Technical data .............................................................................. 56 Time synchronization ......................................................................... 57 Introduction ................................................................................... 57 Principle of operation .................................................................... 57 General concepts .................................................................... 57 Real Time Clock (RTC) operation............................................ 58 Synchronization alternatives.................................................... 59 Function block............................................................................... 62 Output signals............................................................................... 62 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 62 Technical data .............................................................................. 65 Parameter setting groups .................................................................. 66 Introduction ................................................................................... 66 Principle of operation .................................................................... 66 Function block............................................................................... 67 Input and output signals................................................................ 68 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 68 Test mode functionality ...................................................................... 70 Introduction ................................................................................... 70 Principle of operation .................................................................... 70 Function block............................................................................... 71 Input and output signals................................................................ 71 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 72 IED identifiers .................................................................................... 73 Introduction ................................................................................... 73 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 73 Signal matrix for binary inputs (SMBI) ............................................... 74 Introduction ................................................................................... 74 Principle of operation .................................................................... 74 Function block............................................................................... 74 Input and output signals................................................................ 74 Signal matrix for binary outputs (SMBO) ........................................... 76 Introduction ................................................................................... 76 Principle of operation .................................................................... 76 Function block............................................................................... 76 Input and output signals................................................................ 76 Signal matrix for mA inputs (SMMI) ................................................... 78 Introduction ................................................................................... 78 Principle of operation .................................................................... 78 Function block............................................................................... 78 Input and output signals................................................................ 78 Signal matrix for analog inputs (SMAI) .............................................. 79

Contents

Introduction ................................................................................... 79 Principle of operation .................................................................... 79 Function block .............................................................................. 79 Input and output signals ............................................................... 80 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 81 Summation block 3 phase (SUM3Ph)................................................ 83 Introduction ................................................................................... 83 Principle of operation .................................................................... 83 Function block .............................................................................. 83 Input and output signals ............................................................... 83 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 84 Authority status (AUTS) ..................................................................... 85 Introduction ................................................................................... 85 Principle of operation .................................................................... 85 Function block .............................................................................. 85 Output signals............................................................................... 85 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 85 Goose binary receive......................................................................... 86 Function block .............................................................................. 86 Input and output signals ............................................................... 87 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 88

Chapter 4

Differential protection ................................................... 89High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)............................. 90 Introduction ................................................................................... 90 Principle of operation .................................................................... 90 Logic diagram .......................................................................... 90 Function block .............................................................................. 91 Input and output signals ............................................................... 91 Setting parameters ....................................................................... 92 Technical data .............................................................................. 92

Chapter 5

Impedance protection................................................... 93Distance measuring zones, quadrilateral characteristic (PDIS, 21)... 94 Introduction ................................................................................... 94 Principle of operation .................................................................... 95 Full scheme measurement ...................................................... 95 Impedance characteristic......................................................... 95 Minimum operating current...................................................... 99 Measuring principles.............................................................. 100 Directional lines ..................................................................... 102 Simplified logic diagrams....................................................... 104 Function block ............................................................................ 108 Input and output signals ............................................................. 109 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 110 Technical data ............................................................................ 111 Distance protection zones, quadrilateral characteristic for series compensated lines (PDIS) ................................................. 113

Contents

Introduction ................................................................................. 113 Principle of operation .................................................................. 113 Full scheme measurement .................................................... 113 Impedance characteristic....................................................... 114 Minimum operating current .................................................... 118 Measuring principles.............................................................. 118 Directionality for series compensation ................................... 121 Simplified logic diagrams ....................................................... 123 Function block............................................................................. 127 Input and output signals.............................................................. 128 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 129 Technical data ............................................................................ 130 Full-scheme distance measuring, Mho characteristic, PDIS 21....... 132 Introduction ................................................................................. 132 Principle of operation .................................................................. 133 Full scheme measurement .................................................... 133 Impedance characteristic....................................................... 133 Basic operation characteristics .............................................. 134 Theory for operation .............................................................. 136 Function block............................................................................. 147 Input and output signals.............................................................. 148 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 149 Technical data ............................................................................ 151 Mho impedance supervision logic.................................................... 152 Introduction ................................................................................. 152 Principle of operation .................................................................. 152 Fault inception detection........................................................ 152 Function block............................................................................. 153 Input and output signals.............................................................. 154 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 154 Phase selection with load encroachment (PDIS, 21)....................... 156 Introduction ................................................................................. 156 Principle of operation .................................................................. 156 Phase-to-ground fault ............................................................ 158 Phase-to-phase fault ............................................................. 160 Three phase faults ................................................................. 161 Load encroachment ............................................................... 162 Minimum operate currents ..................................................... 166 Simplified logic diagrams ....................................................... 166 Function block............................................................................. 171 Input and output signals.............................................................. 171 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 172 Technical data ............................................................................ 173 Full scheme distance protection, quadrilateral for Mho ................... 174 Introduction ................................................................................. 174 Principle of operation .................................................................. 174 Full scheme measurement .................................................... 174 Impedance characteristic....................................................... 175 Minimum operating current .................................................... 177 Measuring principles.............................................................. 177 Directional lines ..................................................................... 180 Simplified logic diagrams ....................................................... 182 Function block............................................................................. 184

Contents

Input and output signals ............................................................. 184 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 185 Technical data ............................................................................ 186 Faulty phase identification with load enchroachment (PDIS, 21) .... 187 Introduction ................................................................................. 187 Principle of operation .................................................................. 187 The phase selection function................................................. 187 Function block ............................................................................ 199 Input and output signals ............................................................. 199 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 200 Technical data ............................................................................ 201 Directional impedance Mho (RDIR) ................................................. 202 Introduction ................................................................................. 202 Principle of operation .................................................................. 202 Directional impedance element for mho characteristic, ZDM 202 Additional distance protection directional function for ground faults, ZDA ........................................................... 205 Function block ............................................................................ 207 Input and output signals ............................................................. 207 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 208 Phase preference logic .................................................................... 210 Introduction ................................................................................. 210 Principle of operation .................................................................. 210 Function block ............................................................................ 213 Input and output signals ............................................................. 213 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 214 Power swing detection (RPSB, 78).................................................. 215 Introduction ................................................................................. 215 Principle of operation .................................................................. 215 Resistive reach in forward direction....................................... 217 Resistive reach in reverse direction....................................... 217 Reactive reach in forward and reverse direction ................... 218 Basic detection logic.............................................................. 218 Operating and inhibit conditions ............................................ 220 Function block ............................................................................ 221 Input and output signals ............................................................. 221 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 222 Technical data ............................................................................ 223 Power swing logic (RPSL, 78) ......................................................... 224 Introduction ................................................................................. 224 Principle of operation .................................................................. 224 Communication and tripping logic ......................................... 224 Blocking logic......................................................................... 225 Function block ............................................................................ 227 Input and output signals ............................................................. 227 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 228 Technical data ............................................................................ 228 Pole Slip protection (PPAM, 78) ...................................................... 229 Introduction ................................................................................. 229 Principle of operation .................................................................. 229 Function block ............................................................................ 233 Input and output signals ............................................................. 233 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 234

Contents

Technical data ............................................................................ 235 Automatic switch onto fault logic, voltage and current based (SFCV) .............................................................. 236 Introduction ................................................................................. 236 Principle of operation .................................................................. 236 Function block............................................................................. 238 Input and output signals.............................................................. 238 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 238 Technical data ............................................................................ 239

Chapter 6

Current protection ....................................................... 241Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50) ................. 242 Introduction ................................................................................. 242 Principle of operation .................................................................. 242 Function block............................................................................. 242 Input and output signals.............................................................. 243 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 243 Technical data ............................................................................ 244 Four step phase overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51_67).................. 245 Introduction ................................................................................. 245 Principle of operation .................................................................. 245 Function block............................................................................. 249 Input and output signals.............................................................. 250 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 251 Technical data ............................................................................ 258 Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (PIOC, 50N) ............ 260 Introduction ................................................................................. 260 Principle of operation .................................................................. 260 Function block............................................................................. 261 Input and output signals.............................................................. 261 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 261 Technical data ............................................................................ 262 Four step residual overcurrent protection (PTOC, 51N/67N)........... 263 Introduction ................................................................................. 263 Principle of operation .................................................................. 263 Operating quantity within the function ................................... 264 Internal polarizing facility of the function................................ 264 External polarizing facility for Ground Fault function ............. 266 Base quantities within the function ........................................ 267 Internal Ground Fault function structure ............................... 267 Four residual overcurrent stages ........................................... 267 Directional supervision element with integrated directional comparision stage ............................. 268 Second harmonic blocking element....................................... 270 Switch on to fault feature ....................................................... 272 Function block............................................................................. 276 Input and output signals.............................................................. 276 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 277 Technical data ............................................................................ 285 Sensitive directional residual overcurrent and

Contents

power protection (PSDE, 67N) ...................................................... 286 Introduction ................................................................................. 286 Principle of operation .................................................................. 287 Introduction............................................................................ 287 Function block ............................................................................ 293 Input and output signals ............................................................. 293 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 296 Technical data ............................................................................ 300 Thermal overload protection, one time constant (PTTR, 26)........... 302 Introduction ................................................................................. 302 Principle of operation .................................................................. 302 Function block ............................................................................ 306 Input and output signals ............................................................. 306 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 307 Technical data ............................................................................ 308 Breaker failure protection (RBRF, 50BF)......................................... 309 Introduction ................................................................................. 309 Principle of operation .................................................................. 309 Function block ............................................................................ 312 Input and output signals ............................................................. 313 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 313 Technical data ............................................................................ 314 Stub protection (PTOC, 50STB) ...................................................... 315 Introduction ................................................................................. 315 Principle of operation .................................................................. 315 Function block ............................................................................ 316 Input and output signals ............................................................. 316 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 317 Technical data ............................................................................ 317 Pole discrepancy protection (RPLD, 52PD)..................................... 318 Introduction ................................................................................. 318 Principle of operation .................................................................. 318 Pole discrepancy signalling from circuit breaker ................... 321 Unsymmetrical current detection ........................................... 321 Function block ............................................................................ 321 Input and output signals ............................................................. 322 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 322 Technical data ............................................................................ 323 Directional underpower protection (PDUP, 32)................................ 324 Introduction ................................................................................. 324 Principle of operation .................................................................. 325 Low pass filtering................................................................... 327 Calibration of analog inputs ................................................... 327 Function block ............................................................................ 329 Input and output signals ............................................................. 329 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 330 Technical data ............................................................................ 331 Directional overpower protection (PDOP, 32).................................. 332 Introduction ................................................................................. 332 Principle of operation .................................................................. 333 Low pass filtering................................................................... 335 Calibration of analog inputs ................................................... 335 Function block ............................................................................ 337

Contents

Input and output signals.............................................................. 337 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 338 Technical data ............................................................................ 339 Broken conductor check (PTOC, 46) ............................................... 340 Introduction ................................................................................. 340 Principle of operation .................................................................. 340 Function block............................................................................. 341 Input and output signals.............................................................. 341 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 342 Technical data ............................................................................ 342

Chapter 7

Voltage protection ....................................................... 343Two step undervoltage protection (PTUV, 27)................................. 344 Introduction ................................................................................. 344 Principle of operation .................................................................. 344 Measurement principle .......................................................... 345 Time delay ............................................................................. 345 Blocking ................................................................................. 348 Design ................................................................................... 350 Function block............................................................................. 352 Input and output signals.............................................................. 352 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 353 Technical data ............................................................................ 356 Two step overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59)................................... 357 Introduction ................................................................................. 357 Principle of operation .................................................................. 357 Measurement principle .......................................................... 358 Time delay ............................................................................. 358 Blocking ................................................................................. 360 Design ................................................................................... 361 Function block............................................................................. 363 Input and output signals.............................................................. 363 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 364 Technical data ............................................................................ 367 Two step residual overvoltage protection (PTOV, 59N)................... 368 Introduction ................................................................................. 368 Principle of operation .................................................................. 368 Measurement principle .......................................................... 368 Time delay ............................................................................. 368 Blocking ................................................................................. 372 Design ................................................................................... 373 Function block............................................................................. 374 Input and output signals.............................................................. 374 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 375 Technical data ............................................................................ 377 Overexcitation protection (PVPH, 24) .............................................. 378 Introduction ................................................................................. 378 Principle of operation .................................................................. 378 Measured voltage .................................................................. 381 Operate time of the overexcitation protection. ....................... 381

Contents

Cooling .................................................................................. 385 OEX protection function measurands.................................... 385 Overexcitation alarm.............................................................. 386 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 387 Function block ............................................................................ 388 Input and output signals ............................................................. 388 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 388 Technical data ............................................................................ 390 Voltage differential protection (PTOV, 60) ....................................... 391 Introduction ................................................................................. 391 Principle of operation .................................................................. 391 Function block ............................................................................ 392 Input and output signals ............................................................. 393 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 393 Technical data ............................................................................ 394 Loss of voltage check (PTUV, 27) ................................................... 395 Introduction ................................................................................. 395 Principle of operation .................................................................. 395 Function block ............................................................................ 397 Input and output signals ............................................................. 397 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 397

Chapter 8

Frequency protection ................................................. 399Underfrequency protection (PTUF, 81)............................................ 400 Introduction ................................................................................. 400 Principle of operation .................................................................. 400 Measurement principle .......................................................... 400 Time delay ............................................................................. 400 Voltage dependent time delay ............................................... 401 Blocking ................................................................................. 402 Design ................................................................................... 403 Function block ............................................................................ 404 Input and output signals ............................................................. 404 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 405 Technical data ............................................................................ 405 Overfrequency protection (PTOF, 81) ............................................. 407 Introduction ................................................................................. 407 Principle of operation .................................................................. 407 Measurement principle .......................................................... 407 Time delay ............................................................................. 407 Blocking ................................................................................. 408 Design ................................................................................... 408 Function block ............................................................................ 409 Input and output signals ............................................................. 409 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 409 Technical data ............................................................................ 410 Rate-of-change frequency protection (PFRC, 81) ........................... 411 Introduction ................................................................................. 411 Principle of operation .................................................................. 411 Measurement principle .......................................................... 411

Contents

Time delay ............................................................................. 412 Blocking ................................................................................. 412 Design ................................................................................... 412 Function block............................................................................. 413 Input and output signals.............................................................. 414 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 414 Technical data ............................................................................ 415

Chapter 9

Multipurpose protection ............................................. 417General current and voltage protection (GAPC) .............................. 418 Introduction ................................................................................. 418 Inadvertent generator energization........................................ 418 Principle of operation .................................................................. 419 Measured quantities within the function................................. 419 Base quantities for GF function ............................................. 421 Built-in overcurrent protection steps ...................................... 421 Built-in undercurrent protection steps .................................... 427 Built-in overvoltage protection steps...................................... 428 Built-in undervoltage protection steps.................................... 428 Inadvertent generator energization........................................ 428 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 430 Function block............................................................................. 436 Input and output signals.............................................................. 437 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 439 Technical data ............................................................................ 448

Chapter 10 Secondary system supervision.................................. 451Current circuit supervision (RDIF).................................................... 452 Introduction ................................................................................. 452 Principle of operation .................................................................. 452 Function block............................................................................. 454 Input and output signals.............................................................. 454 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 455 Technical data ............................................................................ 455 Fuse failure supervision (RFUF) ...................................................... 456 Introduction ................................................................................. 456 Principle of operation .................................................................. 456 Zero sequence ...................................................................... 456 Negative sequence ................................................................ 459 du/dt and di/dt ........................................................................ 459 Operation modes ................................................................... 460 Dead line detection ................................................................ 461 Function block............................................................................. 461 Input and output signals.............................................................. 461 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 462 Technical data ............................................................................ 463

Contents

Chapter 11 Control ......................................................................... 465Synchronizing, synchronism check and energizing check (RSYN, 25) . 466 Introduction ................................................................................. 466 Principle of operation .................................................................. 466 Basic functionality.................................................................. 466 Logic diagrams ...................................................................... 467 Function block ............................................................................ 477 Input and output signals ............................................................. 478 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 481 Technical data ............................................................................ 483 Autorecloser (RREC, 79) ................................................................. 485 Introduction ................................................................................. 485 Principle of operation .................................................................. 485 Logic Diagrams...................................................................... 485 Auto-reclosing operation Off and On ..................................... 485 Auto-reclosing mode selection .............................................. 485 Initiate auto-reclosing and conditions for initiation of a reclosing cycle .............................................. 486 Control of the auto-reclosing open time for shot 1................. 487 Long trip signal ...................................................................... 487 Time sequence diagrams ...................................................... 493 Function block ............................................................................ 497 Input and output signals ............................................................. 497 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 499 Technical data ............................................................................ 501 Apparatus control (APC).................................................................. 503 Introduction ................................................................................. 503 Principle of operation .................................................................. 503 Bay control (QCBAY).................................................................. 504 Introduction............................................................................ 504 Principle of operation............................................................. 504 Function block ....................................................................... 505 Input and output signals ........................................................ 506 Setting parameters ................................................................ 506 Local/Remote switch (LocalRemote, LocRemControl) ............... 506 Introduction............................................................................ 506 Principle of operation............................................................. 506 Function block ....................................................................... 508 Input and output signals ........................................................ 508 Setting parameters ................................................................ 509 Switch controller (SCSWI) .......................................................... 510 Introduction............................................................................ 510 Principle of operation............................................................. 510 Function block ....................................................................... 516 Input and output signals ........................................................ 516 Setting parameters ................................................................ 517 Circuit breaker (SXCBR)............................................................. 518 Introduction............................................................................ 518 Principle of operation............................................................. 518 Function block ....................................................................... 522

Contents

Input and output signals ........................................................ 523 Setting parameters ................................................................ 524 Circuit switch (SXSWI)................................................................ 524 Introduction ............................................................................ 524 Principle of operation ............................................................. 524 Function block ....................................................................... 529 Input and output signals ........................................................ 529 Setting parameters ................................................................ 530 Bay reserve (QCRSV) ................................................................ 530 Introduction ............................................................................ 530 Principle of operation ............................................................. 530 Function block ....................................................................... 533 Input and output signals ........................................................ 533 Setting parameters ................................................................ 534 Reservation input (RESIN) ......................................................... 534 Introduction ............................................................................ 534 Principle of operation ............................................................. 535 Function block ....................................................................... 536 Input and output signals ........................................................ 537 Setting parameters ................................................................ 537 Interlocking ...................................................................................... 538 Introduction ................................................................................. 538 Principle of operation .................................................................. 538 Logical node for interlocking (SCILO)......................................... 541 Introduction ............................................................................ 541 Principle of operation ............................................................. 541 Function block ....................................................................... 542 Input and output signals ........................................................ 542 Interlocking for line bay (ABC_LINE) .......................................... 543 Introduction ............................................................................ 543 Function block ....................................................................... 544 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 545 Input and output signals ........................................................ 551 Interlocking for bus-coupler bay (ABC_BC)................................ 553 Introduction ............................................................................ 553 Function block ....................................................................... 555 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 556 Input and output signals ........................................................ 561 Interlocking for transformer bay (AB_TRAFO)............................ 563 Introduction ............................................................................ 563 Function block ....................................................................... 565 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 566 Input and output signals ........................................................ 569 Interlocking for bus-section breaker (A1A2_BS)......................... 571 Introduction ............................................................................ 571 Function block ....................................................................... 572 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 573 Input and output signals ........................................................ 576 Interlocking for bus-section disconnector (A1A2_DC) ................ 577 Introduction ............................................................................ 577 Function block ....................................................................... 578 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 579 Input and output signals ........................................................ 580

Contents

Interlocking for busbar grounding switch (BB_ES) ..................... 581 Introduction............................................................................ 581 Function block ....................................................................... 581 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 582 Input and output signals ........................................................ 582 Interlocking for double CB bay (DB) ........................................... 582 Introduction............................................................................ 582 Function block ....................................................................... 583 Logic diagrams ...................................................................... 585 Input and output signals ....................................................... 594 Interlocking for breaker-and-a-half diameter (BH) ...................... 597 Introduction............................................................................ 597 Function blocks...................................................................... 599 Logic diagrams ...................................................................... 602 Input and output signals ........................................................ 612 Horizontal communication via GOOSE for interlocking .............. 617 Function block ....................................................................... 617 Input and output signals ........................................................ 618 Setting parameters ................................................................ 619 Logic rotating switch for function selection and LHMI presentation (SLGGIO) ................................................... 620 Introduction ................................................................................. 620 Principle of operation .................................................................. 620 Functionality and behaviour .................................................. 621 Graphical display ................................................................... 622 Function block ............................................................................ 624 Input and output signals ............................................................. 626 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 627 Selector mini switch (VSGGIO) ....................................................... 628 Introduction ................................................................................. 628 Principle of operation .................................................................. 628 Function block ............................................................................ 629 Input and output signals ............................................................. 629 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 630 Single point generic control 8 signals (SPC8GGIO) ........................ 631 Introduction ................................................................................. 631 Principle of operation .................................................................. 631 Function block ............................................................................ 631 Input and output signals ............................................................. 632

Chapter 12 Scheme communication............................................. 633Scheme communication logic for distance protection (PSCH, 85) ............................. 634 Introduction ................................................................................. 634 Principle of operation .................................................................. 634 Blocking scheme ................................................................... 634 Permissive underreach scheme ............................................ 635 Permissive overreach scheme .............................................. 635 Unblocking scheme ............................................................... 635 Intertrip scheme..................................................................... 636

Contents

Simplified logic diagram......................................................... 636 Function block............................................................................. 638 Input and output signals.............................................................. 638 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 639 Technical data ............................................................................ 639 Phase segregated scheme communication logic for distance protection (PSCH, 85) ................................................ 640 Introduction ................................................................................. 640 Principle of operation .................................................................. 640 Blocking scheme ................................................................... 641 Permissive underreach scheme ............................................ 641 Permissive overreach scheme............................................... 642 Unblocking scheme ............................................................... 642 Intertrip scheme ..................................................................... 642 Simplified logic diagram......................................................... 642 Function block............................................................................. 644 Input and output signals.............................................................. 644 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 646 Technical data ............................................................................ 646 Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for distance protection (PSCH, 85) .................................................. 647 Introduction ................................................................................. 647 Principle of operation .................................................................. 647 Current reversal logic............................................................. 647 Weak end infeed logic ........................................................... 648 Function block............................................................................. 649 Input and output signals.............................................................. 650 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 651 Technical data ............................................................................ 651 Local acceleration logic (PLAL) ....................................................... 652 Introduction ................................................................................. 652 Principle of operation .................................................................. 652 Zone extension ...................................................................... 652 Loss-of-load acceleration ...................................................... 653 Function block............................................................................. 654 Input and output signals.............................................................. 654 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 655 Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (PSCH, 85)................................ 656 Introduction ................................................................................. 656 Principle of operation .................................................................. 656 Blocking scheme ................................................................... 657 Permissive under/overreach scheme .................................... 657 Unblocking scheme ............................................................... 658 Function block............................................................................. 660 Input and output signals.............................................................. 660 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 661 Technical data ............................................................................ 661 Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent protection (PSCH, 85)................................ 662 Introduction ................................................................................. 662 Principle of operation .................................................................. 662 Directional comparison logic function .................................... 662

Contents

Fault current reversal logic .................................................... 663 Weak and infeed logic ........................................................... 663 Function block ............................................................................ 664 Input and output signals ............................................................. 665 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 665 Technical data ............................................................................ 666 Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for phase segregated communication (PSCH) .................................. 667 Introduction ................................................................................. 667 Principle of operation .................................................................. 667 Current reversal logic ........................................................... 667 Function block ............................................................................ 669 Input and output signals ............................................................. 670 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 671 Technical data ............................................................................ 671

Chapter 13 Logic............................................................................. 673Tripping logic (PTRC, 94) ................................................................ 674 Introduction ................................................................................. 674 Principle of operation .................................................................. 674 Logic diagram ........................................................................ 675 Function block ............................................................................ 680 Input and output signals ............................................................. 680 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 681 Technical data ............................................................................ 682 Trip matrix logic (GGIO)................................................................... 683 Introduction ................................................................................. 683 Principle of operation .................................................................. 683 Function block ............................................................................ 685 Input and output signals ............................................................. 685 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 687 Configurable logic blocks (LLD)....................................................... 688 Introduction ................................................................................. 688 Inverter function block (INV) ....................................................... 688 OR function block (OR)............................................................... 688 AND function block (AND) .......................................................... 689 Timer function block (Timer) ....................................................... 690 Pulse timer function block (PULSE)............................................ 690 Exclusive OR function block (XOR) ............................................ 691 Set-reset with memory function block (SRM) ............................. 691 Controllable gate function block (GT) ......................................... 692 Settable timer function block (TS)............................................... 693 Technical data ............................................................................ 694 Fixed signal function block (FIXD) ................................................... 695 Introduction ................................................................................. 695 Principle of operation .................................................................. 695 Function block ............................................................................ 695 Input and output signals ............................................................. 696 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 696 Boolean 16 to Integer conversion B16I............................................ 697

Contents

Introduction ................................................................................. 697 Principle of operation ............................................................. 697 Function block ....................................................................... 697 Input and output signals ........................................................ 698 Setting parameters ................................................................ 698 Boolean 16 to Integer conversion with logic node representation (B16IGGIO)...................................................................................... 699 Introduction ................................................................................. 699 Principle of operation .................................................................. 699 Function block............................................................................. 699 Input and output signals.............................................................. 700 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 700 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion (IB16) ......................................... 701 Introduction ................................................................................. 701 Principle of operation .................................................................. 701 Function block............................................................................. 701 Input and output signals.............................................................. 701 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 702 Integer to Boolean 16 conversion with logic node representation (IB16GGIO)...................................................................................... 703 Introduction ................................................................................. 703 Function block............................................................................. 703 Input and output signals.............................................................. 703 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 704

Chapter 14 Monitoring .................................................................... 705Measurements (MSQI)..................................................................... 706 Introduction ................................................................................. 707 Principle of operation .................................................................. 708 Measurement supervision...................................................... 708 Service values (MMXU, SVR)................................................ 712 Current Phasors (MMXU, CP) ............................................... 718 Voltage phasors (MMXU, VN and VP)................................... 718 Sequence quantities (MSQI, CSQ and VSQ) ........................ 718 Function block............................................................................. 718 Input and output signals.............................................................. 720 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 723 Technical data ............................................................................ 738 Event counter (GGIO) ...................................................................... 739 Function block............................................................................. 739 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 739 Event function (EV) .......................................................................... 740 Introduction ................................................................................. 740 Principle of operation .................................................................. 740 Function block............................................................................. 742 Input and output signals.............................................................. 742 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 743 Fault locator (RFLO) ........................................................................ 746 Introduction ................................................................................. 746 Principle of operation .................................................................. 746

Contents

Measuring principle ............................................................... 747 Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault ...... 747 The non-compensated impedance model ............................. 751 IEC 60870-5-103 ................................................................... 752 Function block ............................................................................ 752 Input and output signals ............................................................. 752 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 753 Technical data ............................................................................ 754 Measured value expander block...................................................... 755 Introduction ................................................................................. 755 Principle of operation .................................................................. 755 Function block ............................................................................ 756 Input and output signals ............................................................. 756 Disturbance report (RDRE).............................................................. 757 Introduction ................................................................................. 757 Principle of operation .................................................................. 757 Function block ............................................................................ 765 Input and output signals ............................................................. 767 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 769 Technical data ............................................................................ 781 Sequence of events (RDRE) ........................................................... 783 Introduction ................................................................................. 783 Principle of operation .................................................................. 783 Function block ............................................................................ 783 Input signals ............................................................................... 783 Technical data ............................................................................ 784 Indications (RDRE) .......................................................................... 785 Introduction ................................................................................. 785 Principle of operation .................................................................. 785 Function block ............................................................................ 786 Input signals ............................................................................... 786 Technical data ............................................................................ 786 Event recorder (RDRE).................................................................... 787 Introduction ................................................................................. 787 Principle of operation .................................................................. 787 Function block ............................................................................ 787 Input signals ............................................................................... 787 Technical data ............................................................................ 788 Trip value recorder (RDRE) ............................................................. 789 Introduction ................................................................................. 789 Principle of operation .................................................................. 789 Function block ............................................................................ 789 Input signals ............................................................................... 790 Technical data ............................................................................ 790 Disturbance recorder (RDRE).......................................................... 791 Introduction ................................................................................. 791 Principle of operation .................................................................. 791 Memory and storage.............................................................. 792 IEC 60870-5-103 ................................................................... 793 Function block ............................................................................ 793 Input and output signals ............................................................. 793 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 794 Technical data ............................................................................ 794

Contents

Chapter 15 Metering ....................................................................... 795Pulse counter logic (GGIO).............................................................. 796 Introduction ................................................................................. 796 Principle of operation .................................................................. 796 Function block............................................................................. 798 Input and output signals.............................................................. 798 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 799 Technical data ............................................................................ 799 Energy metering and demand handling (MMTR)............................. 800 Introduction ................................................................................. 800 Principle of operation .................................................................. 800 Function block............................................................................. 801 Input and output signals.............................................................. 801 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 802

Chapter 16 Station communication............................................... 805Overview .......................................................................................... 806 IEC 61850-8-1 communication protocol........................................... 807 Introduction ................................................................................. 807 Generic single point function block (SPGGIO) ........................... 807 Introduction ............................................................................ 807 Principle of operation ............................................................. 807 Function block ....................................................................... 807 Input and output signals ........................................................ 808 Setting parameters ................................................................ 808 Generic double point function block (DPGGIO).......................... 808 Introduction ............................................................................ 808 Principle of operation ............................................................. 809 Function block ....................................................................... 809 Input and output signals ........................................................ 809 Setting parameters ................................................................ 809 Generic measured values function block (MVGGIO).................. 809 Introduction ............................................................................ 809 Principle of operation ............................................................. 809 Function block ....................................................................... 810 Input and output signals ........................................................ 810 Setting parameters ................................................................ 810 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 811 Technical data ............................................................................ 811 LON communication protocol........................................................... 812 Introduction ................................................................................. 812 Principle of operation .................................................................. 812 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 829 Technical data ............................................................................ 829 SPA communication protocol........................................................... 830 Introduction ................................................................................. 830 Principle of operation .................................................................. 830 Communication ports............................................................. 838 Design......................................................................................... 839

Contents

Setting parameters ..................................................................... 839 Technical data ............................................................................ 840 IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol ...................................... 841 Introduction ................................................................................. 841 Principle of operation .................................................................. 841 General.................................................................................. 841 Communication ports............................................................. 851 Function block ............................................................................ 851 Input and output signals ............................................................. 854 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 859 Technical data ............................................................................ 862 Automation bits (AUBI) .................................................................... 863 Introduction ................................................................................. 863 Principle of operation .................................................................. 863 Function block ............................................................................ 864 Input and output signals ............................................................. 864 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 866 Single command, 16 signals (CD) ................................................... 878 Introduction ................................................................................. 878 Principle of operation .................................................................. 878 Function block ............................................................................ 878 Input and output signals ............................................................. 879 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 879 Multiple command (CM) and Multiple transmit (MT)........................ 880 Introduction ................................................................................. 880 Principle of operation .................................................................. 880 Design ........................................................................................ 880 General.................................................................................. 880 Function block ............................................................................ 881 Input and output signals ............................................................. 881 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 883

Chapter 17 Remote communication ............................................. 885Binary signal transfer to remote end................................................ 886 Introduction ................................................................................. 886 Principle of operation .................................................................. 886 Function block ............................................................................ 887 Input and output signals ............................................................. 889 Setting parameters ..................................................................... 890

Chapter 18 Hardware...................................................................... 895Overview.......................................................................................... 896 Variants of case- and HMI display size....................................... 896 Case from the rear side .............................................................. 897 Hardware modules........................................................................... 902 Overview..................................................................................... 902 Combined backplane module (CBM).......................................... 903 Introduction............................................................................ 903

Contents

Functionality .......................................................................... 903 Design ................................................................................... 903 Universal backplane module (UBM) ........................................... 905 Introduction ............................................................................ 905 Functionality .......................................................................... 905 Design ................................................................................... 905 Power supply module (PSM) ...................................................... 908 Introduction ............................................................................ 908 Design ................................................................................... 908 Technical data ....................................................................... 908 Numeric processing module (NUM)............................................ 909 Introduction ............................................................................ 909 Functionality .......................................................................... 909 Block diagram ........................................................................ 910 Local human-machine interface (LHMI)...................................... 910 Transformer input module (TRM) ............................................... 911 Introduction ............................................................................ 911 Design ................................................................................... 911 Technical data ....................................................................... 911 Analog digital conversion module, with time synchronization (ADM) ............................................. 912 Introduction ............................................................................ 912 Design ................................................................................... 912 Binary input module (BIM) .......................................................... 914 Introduction ............................................................................ 914 Design ................................................................................... 914 Technical data ....................................................................... 918 Binary output modules (BOM) .................................................... 918 Introduction ............................................................................ 918 Design ................................................................................... 919 Technical data ....................................................................... 921 Static binary output module (SOM)............................................. 921 Introduction ...........................................