Reference Manual

Reference Manual

Program Tilo Khn, Richard Kurz, Christian Losch, Philip LoschManual Dirk Beichert, Michael Giebel, Jrn Gollob, Janine Pauke, Onur Pekdemir,

Harald SchneiderEnglish translation Luke Stacy, Chris Banks, David Link, Harald EgelLayout David Link, Jeff Walker, Harald Egel, Michael GiebelCover/box design Onur Pekdemir

Copyright 19892000 byMAXON Computer GmbH, Max-Planck-Str, 20, 61381 Friedrichsdorf, Germany

All rights reserved. This manual and the accompanying software are copyright protected. No part ofthis document may be translated, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of MAXON ComputerGmbH.

Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the program and this manual,MAXON Computer assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumedfor damages resulting from the use of the program or from the information contained in this manual.

Copyrights and Trademarks

MAXON and CINEMA 4D are registered trademarks of MAXON Computer GmbH.CINEMA 4D, C.O.F.F.E.E. and HyperNURBS are registered trademarks of MAXON Computer GmbHor MAXON Computer Inc.Macintosh, Mac OS, Apple and QuickTime are registered trademarks of Apple Computer.Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT and Microsoft are registered trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation.

UNIX is a registered trademark only licensed to X/Open Company Ltd.Adobe Illustrator, Acrobat and Photoshop are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.All other brand and product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of their respective companies, and are hereby acknowledged.

MAXON Computer License Agreement for CINEMA 4D XL

NOTICE TO USER

WITH THE INSTALLATION OF CINEMA 4D XL A CONTRACT IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN YOU ANDMAXON COMPUTER GMBH, IN THE FOLLOWING CALLED THE LICENSOR, A COMPANYUNDER GERMAN LAW WITH RESIDENCE IN FRIEDRICHSDORF, GERMANY. YOU AND THEUSER REFERS TO THE LICENSEE.

WHEREAS BY INDICATING YOUR ACCEPTANCE BELOW, YOU ACCEPT ALL THE TERMS ANDCONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IN THE CASE OF NON-ACCEPTANCE OF THIS LICENSE YOUARE NOT PERMITTED TO INSTALL THE SOFTWARE.

IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THIS LICENSE PLEASE SEND THE SOFTWARE TOGETHER WITH THEDOCUMENTATION TO MAXON COMPUTER OR TO THE SUPPLIER WHERE YOU BOUGHT THESOFTWARE.

1. General

Under this contract the licensor grants to you a non-exclusive license to use CINEMA 4D XL, whichis software and documentation, in the following called the software. The software itself as well asthe copy of the software or any other copy you are authorized to make under this contract remainthe property of the licensor.

2. Use of the Software

(1) The user of this license is authorized to copy the software as far as the copy is necessary to usethe software. Necessary copies are the installation of the program from the original disk to the massstorage medium of your hardware as well as the loading of the program into RAM.

(2) Furthermore the user is entitled to make a backup copy. However only one backup copy may bemade and kept in store. This backup copy must be identified as a backup copy of the licensedsoftware. (3) Further copies ARE NOT ALLOWED; this also covers the making of a hard copy of theprogram code on a printer as well as copies, in any form, of the documentation.

3. Multiple use and network operation

(1) The user may use the software on any hardware available to him. However, should the userchange the hardware he is obliged to delete the software from the mass storage medium of thehardware used up to then. A simultaneous installation or use on more than one hardware IS NOTALLOWED.

(2) The use of the licensed software for network operation or other client server systems isprohibited if this opens the possibility of simultaneous multiple use of the software. In the case thatthe user intends to use the software in network operation or other client server system he has to

take care that a multiple use is not possible by employing the necessary access security or otherwisethe user has to pay to the licensor a special network license fee, the amount of which is determinedby the number of users admitted to the network.

(3) The license fee for networks will be communicated to the licensee by the licensor immediatelyafter the user has indicated the number of admitted users in writing. The correct address of thelicensor is given in the manual and also at the end of this contract. The network use may start onlyafter the pertaining license fee is completely paid.

4. Transfer

(1) You may not rent, lease, sublicense or lend the software or documentation. You may, however,transfer all your rights to use the software to another person or legal entity provided that youtransfer this agreement, the software, including all copies, updates or prior versions as well as allcopies of the font software converted to other formats and all documentation to such person orentity and that you retain no copies, including copies stored on a computer and that the otherperson agrees that the terms of this agreement remain valid and that his acceptance iscommunicated to the licensor.

(2) The user is obliged to carefully store the terms of the agreement. Prior to the transfer of thesoftware the user has to inform the new user of these terms. In case the user does not have theterms at hand at the time of the transfer of the software, he is obliged to request a second copyfrom the licensor, the cost of which is born by the licensee.

(3) In case of transfer the license of the former user expires.

5. Recompilation and changes of the software

(1) The recompilation of the provided program code in other code forms as well as all other types ofreverse engineering of the different phases of software production including any alterations of thesoftware are not allowed.

(2) The removal of the security against copy or similar safety systems is only permitted if a faultlessperformance of the software is impaired or hindered by such security. The burden of proof for thefact that the performance of the program is impaired or hindered by the security device rests withthe user.

(3) Copyright notices, serial numbers or other identifications of the software may not be removed orchanged. The software is owned by the licensor and its structure, organization and code are thevaluable trade secrets of the licensor. It is also protected by United States Copyright andInternational Treaty provisions. Except as stated above, this agreement does not grant you anyintellectual property rights on the software.

6. Limited warranty

(1) The parties hereto agree, that at present it is not possible to develop and produce software insuch a way that it is fit for any conditions of use without problems. The licensor warrants that thesoftware will perform substantially in accordance with the documentation. The licensor does notwarrant that the software and the documentation comply with certain requirements and purposes ofthe user or works together with other software used by the licensee. The user is obliged to check thesoftware and the documentation carefully immediately upon receipt and has to inform the licensor inwriting of apparent defects 14 days after receipt. Latent defects have to be communicated in thesame manner immediately after their discovery. Otherwise the software and documentation areconsidered to be faultless. The defects, in particular the symptoms that occurred, are to be describedin detail in as much as the user is able to do so. The warranty is granted for a period of 6 monthsfrom delivery of the software (for the date of which the date of the purchase according to theinvoice is decisive, respectively in case of shipment by the licensor the date of the invoice). Thelicensor is free to cure the defects by free repair or provision of a faultless update.

The licensor and its suppliers do not and cannot warrant the performance and the results you mayobtain by using the software or documentation. The foregoing states the sole and exclusive remediesfor the licensors or its suppliers breach of warranty, except for the foregoing limited warranty. Thelicensor and its suppliers make no warranties, express or implied, as to noninfringement of thirdparty rights, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. In no event will the licensor or itssuppliers be liable for any consequential, incidental or special damages, including any lost profits orlost savings, even if a representative of licensor has been advised of the possibility of such damagesor for any claim by any third party.

Some states or jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental, consequential orspecial damages, or the exclusion of implied warranties or limitations on how long an impliedwarranty may last, so the above limitations may not apply to you. In this case a special limitedwarranty is attached as exhibit to this agreement, which becomes part of this agreement. To theextent permissible, any implied warranties are limited to 6 months. This warranty gives you specificlegal rights. You may have other rights which vary from state to state or jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Inthe case that no special warranty is attached to your contract please contact the licensor for furtherwarranty information.

7. Damage in transit

The user is obliged to immediately inform the transport agent in writing of any eventual damages intransit and has to provide the licensor with a copy of said correspondence, since all transportation isinsured by the licensor if shipment was procured by him.

8. Secrecy

The user is obliged to take careful measures to protect the programs and their documentation, inparticular the serial number, from access by third parties. The user is not permitted to duplicate orpass on the programs or documentation. These obligations apply equally to the users employees or

other persons engaged by the user to operate the programs. The user will pass on these obligationsto such persons. The user is liable for damages in all instances where these obligations have not beenmet.

9. Information

In case of transfer of the software the user is obliged to inform the licensor of the name and fulladdress of the transferee in writing. The address of the licensor is stated in the manual and at theend of this contract.

10. Data Protection

For the purpose of customer registration and control of proper use of the programs licensor will storepersonal data of the users in accordance with the German law on Data Protection(Bundesdatenschutzgesetz). This data may only be used for the above-mentioned purposes and willnot be accessible to third parties. Upon request of the user the licensor will at any time inform theuser of the data stored with regard to him.

11. Other

(1) This contract includes all rights and obligations of the parties. There are no other agreements.Any changes or alterations of this agreement have to be performed in writing with reference to thisagreement and have to be signed by both contracting parties. This also applies to the agreement onabolition of the written form.

(2) This agreement is governed by German law. Place of jurisdiction is the competent court inFrankfurt am Main. This agreement will not be governed by the United Nations Convention onContracts for the International Sale of Goods, the application of which is expressly excluded.

(3) If any part of this agreement is found void and unenforceable, it will not affect the validity of thebalance of the agreement which shall remain valid and enforceable according to its terms.

12. Termination

This agreement shall automatically terminate upon failure by you to comply with its terms despitebeing given an additional period to do so. In case of termination due to the aforementioned reason,user is obliged to return the program and all documentation to licensor. Furthermore, upon requestof licensor user has to submit written declaration that he is not in possession of any copy of theprogram on data storage devices or on the computer itself.

13. Information and Notices

Should you have any questions concerning this agreement or if you desire to contact MAXONCOMPUTER for any reason and for all notifications to be performed under this agreement, pleasewrite to:

MAXON ComputerGmbH Max-Planck-Str. 20D-61381FriedrichsdorfGermany

or for North and South America to:

MAXON Computer Inc.566 St. Charles Drive, Suite 2Thousand Oaks, CA 91360USA

We also shall be glad to provide you with the address of your nearest supplier.

Contents

Preface ............................................................................................................................... 1

1 Getting to Know CINEMA 4D ........................................................................................ 5Launching ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Quitting ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

Mouse Techniques ............................................................................................................................................ 5

Hotkeys 1 to 7 .................................................................................................................................................. 5

The GUI ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

A Quick Tour ............................................................................................................................................... 7

2 View Menu ................................................................................................................... 13View Panels .................................................................................................................................................... 13

View Icons ...................................................................................................................................................... 13

Edit ................................................................................................................................................................. 13

Undo View/Redo View.............................................................................................................................. 13

Frame ........................................................................................................................................................ 13

Redraw ...................................................................................................................................................... 14

Configure .................................................................................................................................................. 14

Cameras ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

Scene Cameras .......................................................................................................................................... 15

Link Active Object ..................................................................................................................................... 15

Editor Camera ........................................................................................................................................... 15

Projection ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

Perspective ................................................................................................................................................ 16

Parallel ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

Left ............................................................................................................................................................ 16

Right ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Front .......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Back ........................................................................................................................................................... 17

Top ............................................................................................................................................................ 17

Bottom ...................................................................................................................................................... 18

Military ...................................................................................................................................................... 18

Frog ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

Bird ............................................................................................................................................................ 19

Gentleman ................................................................................................................................................. 19

Isometric .................................................................................................................................................... 19

Dimetric ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

Display ............................................................................................................................................................ 20

Level Of Detail .......................................................................................................................................... 20

Gouraud Shading ...................................................................................................................................... 20

Quick Shading ........................................................................................................................................... 20

Wireframe ................................................................................................................................................. 20

Isoparms .................................................................................................................................................... 20

Shaded Box ............................................................................................................................................... 21

Box ............................................................................................................................................................ 21

Skeleton .................................................................................................................................................... 21

Use Shading Property ................................................................................................................................ 21

Backface Culling ........................................................................................................................................ 21

Textures ..................................................................................................................................................... 22

X-Ray ........................................................................................................................................................ 23

View ............................................................................................................................................................... 23

View arrangement ..................................................................................................................................... 23

Toggle Active View .................................................................................................................................... 24

View 1 - View 4/All Views ........................................................................................................................ 24

3 Configuration ............................................................................................................... 27Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 27

The Configuration Dialogs ........................................................................................................................ 27

The Configuration Managers .................................................................................................................... 28

Other Settings ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Graphical User Interface ................................................................................................................................. 29

The Main Window .................................................................................................................................... 29

Tabs ........................................................................................................................................................... 33

Command Palettes .................................................................................................................................... 34

The Command Manager ........................................................................................................................... 38

The Menu Manager .................................................................................................................................. 40

The Pin Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 41

General Settings ............................................................................................................................................. 42

General ...................................................................................................................................................... 42

Window..................................................................................................................................................... 47

Texture Paths ............................................................................................................................................. 51

Project Settings ............................................................................................................................................... 52

Frame Rate ................................................................................................................................................ 52

Minimum ................................................................................................................................................... 52

Maximum .................................................................................................................................................. 52

Level of Detail ........................................................................................................................................... 52

4 Workflow...................................................................................................................... 55Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 55

Here To Help .................................................................................................................................................. 55

Working With Layouts ................................................................................................................................... 56

Load Layout .............................................................................................................................................. 57

Reset Layout ............................................................................................................................................. 57

Save Default Layout .................................................................................................................................. 57

Save Layout As .......................................................................................................................................... 57

Further Menu Items .................................................................................................................................. 58

The Browser ................................................................................................................................................... 58

Working with the Browser ......................................................................................................................... 58

The Drawing Pin ........................................................................................................................................ 61

File Menu .................................................................................................................................................. 61

Edit Menu .................................................................................................................................................. 64

Function Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 65

Initialisation Files ............................................................................................................................................ 66

Template.c4d ............................................................................................................................................. 66

New.c4d .................................................................................................................................................... 67

Template.cat .............................................................................................................................................. 67

Template.l4d .............................................................................................................................................. 67

5 File Menu ..................................................................................................................... 71Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 71

The File New.c4d ..................................................................................................................................... 71

The File Template.c4d ............................................................................................................................. 71

New ................................................................................................................................................................ 71

Open .............................................................................................................................................................. 71

Import ............................................................................................................................................................ 72

Revert to Saved .............................................................................................................................................. 72

Close .............................................................................................................................................................. 72

Close All ......................................................................................................................................................... 72

Save ................................................................................................................................................................ 73

Save As ........................................................................................................................................................... 73

Save All ........................................................................................................................................................... 73

Save Project .................................................................................................................................................... 73

Export ............................................................................................................................................................. 73

3D Studio R4 (.3DS) .................................................................................................................................. 74

Direct3D / DirectX (X) ............................................................................................................................... 74

DXF (DXF) ................................................................................................................................................. 74

QuickDraw 3D (3DM) ............................................................................................................................... 74

VRML 1 (WRL) .......................................................................................................................................... 74

VRML 2 (WRL) .......................................................................................................................................... 74

Wavefront (OBJ) ....................................................................................................................................... 74

Import / Export Settings ................................................................................................................................. 74

3D Studio R4 ............................................................................................................................................. 74

Direct3D/DirectX ....................................................................................................................................... 75

DXF ........................................................................................................................................................... 76

DEM .......................................................................................................................................................... 77

Illustrator ................................................................................................................................................... 77

LightWave ................................................................................................................................................. 77

QuickDraw 3D .......................................................................................................................................... 78

VRML 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 78

VRML 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 79

Wavefront ................................................................................................................................................. 80

Recent Files .................................................................................................................................................... 81

6 Edit Menu ..................................................................................................................... 85General ........................................................................................................................................................... 85

Undo .............................................................................................................................................................. 85

Redo ............................................................................................................................................................... 85

Undo (Action) ................................................................................................................................................. 86

Notes On Undo/Redo .................................................................................................................................... 87

The Undo Buffer ........................................................................................................................................ 87

The Three Undos ....................................................................................................................................... 87

Cut ................................................................................................................................................................. 88

Copy ............................................................................................................................................................... 88

Paste ............................................................................................................................................................... 88

Delete ............................................................................................................................................................. 89

The Clipboard ................................................................................................................................................. 89

Select All ......................................................................................................................................................... 89

Deselect All ..................................................................................................................................................... 89

General Settings ............................................................................................................................................. 90

Render Settings .............................................................................................................................................. 90

The Drawing Pipeline ..................................................................................................................................... 90

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 90

Elements Of The Drawing Pipeline ............................................................................................................ 91

The Display Order ..................................................................................................................................... 93

Use Animation

Use Expressions

Use Generators

Use Deformers .................................................................................................................................................. 93

7 Objects Menu............................................................................................................... 97Null Object ..................................................................................................................................................... 97

Polygon Object .............................................................................................................................................. 98

Primitives ........................................................................................................................................................ 98

General ...................................................................................................................................................... 98

Cone ........................................................................................................................................................ 100

Cube ........................................................................................................................................................ 103

Cylinder ................................................................................................................................................... 104

Disc ......................................................................................................................................................... 107

Plane ....................................................................................................................................................... 108

Polygon ................................................................................................................................................... 109

Sphere ..................................................................................................................................................... 110

Torus ....................................................................................................................................................... 111

Capsule ................................................................................................................................................... 113

Oil Tank ................................................................................................................................................... 114

Tube ........................................................................................................................................................ 116

Pyramid ................................................................................................................................................... 118

Platonic Objects ...................................................................................................................................... 119

Figure ...................................................................................................................................................... 120

Landscape ............................................................................................................................................... 121

Relief ....................................................................................................................................................... 124

Spline Object ................................................................................................................................................ 127

Spline Basics ............................................................................................................................................ 127

Create Spline (Curves) .................................................................................................................................. 135

Freehand ................................................................................................................................................. 136

Bzier, B-Spline, Cubic, Akima ................................................................................................................. 136

Spline Primitives ........................................................................................................................................... 137

General .................................................................................................................................................... 137

Arc ........................................................................................................................................................... 139

Circle ....................................................................................................................................................... 140

Helix ........................................................................................................................................................ 142

n-Side ...................................................................................................................................................... 144

Rectangle ................................................................................................................................................ 145

Star .......................................................................................................................................................... 146

Text ......................................................................................................................................................... 148

Vectorizer ................................................................................................................................................ 150

4-Sided .................................................................................................................................................... 152

Cissoid ..................................................................................................................................................... 153

Cog Wheel .............................................................................................................................................. 155

Cycloid .................................................................................................................................................... 156

Formula ................................................................................................................................................... 160

Flower ..................................................................................................................................................... 162

Profile ...................................................................................................................................................... 163

NURBS Objects ............................................................................................................................................. 165

Hyper NURBS .......................................................................................................................................... 165

Extrude NURBS ....................................................................................................................................... 166

Lathe NURBS ........................................................................................................................................... 168

Loft NURBS ............................................................................................................................................. 170

Sweep NURBS ......................................................................................................................................... 173

Bzier NURBS .......................................................................................................................................... 178

Details Tab ............................................................................................................................................... 179

Different materials for the hull, caps and rounding ................................................................................. 181

Modeling ...................................................................................................................................................... 182

Array ....................................................................................................................................................... 182

Boolean ................................................................................................................................................... 183

Instance ................................................................................................................................................... 184

Metaball .................................................................................................................................................. 185

Symmetry ................................................................................................................................................ 186

Construction Plane .................................................................................................................................. 187

Scene Objects ............................................................................................................................................... 188

Camera ......................................................................................................................................................... 188

Target Camera .............................................................................................................................................. 192

Light ............................................................................................................................................................. 193

General Information ................................................................................................................................ 193

The Light Dialog ...................................................................................................................................... 194

Target Light .................................................................................................................................................. 233

Texture Mapping ..................................................................................................................................... 233

Lighting Examples ........................................................................................................................................ 234

Three Point Lighting ................................................................................................................................ 234

Radiosity Effect With Area Lights ............................................................................................................ 235

Sun Light ...................................................................................................................................................... 237

Floor ............................................................................................................................................................. 239

Sky ............................................................................................................................................................... 239

Stage ............................................................................................................................................................ 240

Environment ................................................................................................................................................. 241

Foreground/Background .............................................................................................................................. 242

Particle System ............................................................................................................................................. 244

Emitter ..................................................................................................................................................... 246

Modifiers ................................................................................................................................................. 249

Examples ................................................................................................................................................. 255

Deformation ................................................................................................................................................. 256

Bend ........................................................................................................................................................ 257

Bone ........................................................................................................................................................ 259

Bulge ....................................................................................................................................................... 267

Explosion ................................................................................................................................................. 269

FFD .......................................................................................................................................................... 270

Formula ................................................................................................................................................... 271

Melt ......................................................................................................................................................... 272

Shatter ..................................................................................................................................................... 273

Shear ....................................................................................................................................................... 274

Taper ....................................................................................................................................................... 276

Twist ........................................................................................................................................................ 278

Wind ....................................................................................................................................................... 280

Wrap ....................................................................................................................................................... 281

Sound ........................................................................................................................................................... 284

Loudspeaker ............................................................................................................................................ 284

Mono ...................................................................................................................................................... 286

Stereo Microphone .................................................................................................................................. 288

Stereo ...................................................................................................................................................... 288

DTS 5.1 ................................................................................................................................................... 289

DDS EX 6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 289

SDDS 7.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 290

8 Tools Menu ................................................................................................................ 295Move ............................................................................................................................................................ 295

Scale ............................................................................................................................................................. 296

Rotation ........................................................................................................................................................ 297

Magnify ........................................................................................................................................................ 299

Using the Keyboard ................................................................................................................................. 299

Camera ......................................................................................................................................................... 300

Move ....................................................................................................................................................... 300

Scale ........................................................................................................................................................ 300

Rotation .................................................................................................................................................. 300

Object .......................................................................................................................................................... 301

Points ........................................................................................................................................................... 302

Polygons ....................................................................................................................................................... 303

Object Axis ................................................................................................................................................... 304

Model ........................................................................................................................................................... 305

Texture ......................................................................................................................................................... 307

Texture Axis .................................................................................................................................................. 308

Inverse Kinematics ........................................................................................................................................ 308

Animation with IK ................................................................................................................................... 309

Animation ..................................................................................................................................................... 310

The Axes ....................................................................................................................................................... 310

World System ............................................................................................................................................... 311

9 Selection Menu .......................................................................................................... 317Fundamentals ............................................................................................................................................... 317

Polygons .................................................................................................................................................. 317

Polygon Coordinate System .................................................................................................................... 318

Making Parametric Objects Editable ....................................................................................................... 318

Quadrangles for Modeling ...................................................................................................................... 319

Active Tool Window ..................................................................................................................................... 320

Rectangle Selection ...................................................................................................................................... 321

Freehand Selection ....................................................................................................................................... 321

Polygon Selection ......................................................................................................................................... 322

Live Selection ................................................................................................................................................ 322

Select All ....................................................................................................................................................... 323

Deselect All ................................................................................................................................................... 323

Invert ............................................................................................................................................................ 323

Select Connected .......................................................................................................................................... 323

Grow Selection ............................................................................................................................................. 324

Shrink Selection ............................................................................................................................................ 324

Polygon Selection From Points ..................................................................................................................... 325

Point Selection From Polygons ..................................................................................................................... 325

Select Adjacent Polygons .............................................................................................................................. 325

Hide Selected ................................................................................................................................................ 326

Hide Deselected ........................................................................................................................................... 326

Unhide All .................................................................................................................................................... 326

Invert Visibility .............................................................................................................................................. 326

Set Selection ................................................................................................................................................. 326

Frozen Selections in the Object Manager ..................................................................................................... 327

Frozen Point Selection ............................................................................................................................. 327

Frozen Polygon Selection ........................................................................................................................ 327

Set Vertex Weight ........................................................................................................................................ 328

10 Structure Menu ......................................................................................................... 333Edit Surface .................................................................................................................................................. 333

Array ....................................................................................................................................................... 333

Clone ....................................................................................................................................................... 335

Crumple .................................................................................................................................................. 337

Disconnect ............................................................................................................................................... 339

Explode Segments ................................................................................................................................... 340

Matrix Extrude ........................................................................................................................................ 340

Quantize ................................................................................................................................................. 343

Set Value ................................................................................................................................................. 344

Split ......................................................................................................................................................... 345

Weld ........................................................................................................................................................ 345

Edit Spline ..................................................................................................................................................... 346

Hard Interpolation ................................................................................................................................... 346

Soft Interpolation .................................................................................................................................... 346

Equal Tangent Length ............................................................................................................................. 347

Equal Tangent Direction .......................................................................................................................... 347

Join Segment ........................................................................................................................................... 348

Break Segment ........................................................................................................................................ 348

Reorder First Point ................................................................................................................................... 348

Reverse Sequence ................................................................................................................................... 349

Move Down Sequence ............................................................................................................................ 349

Move Up Sequence ................................................................................................................................. 349

Chamfer .................................................................................................................................................. 349

Create Outline ......................................................................................................................................... 350

Cross Section ........................................................................................................................................... 351

Line Up .................................................................................................................................................... 353

Round ..................................................................................................................................................... 353

Project ..................................................................................................................................................... 353

Make Editable ............................................................................................................................................... 356

Add Points .................................................................................................................................................... 356

Bevel ............................................................................................................................................................. 358

Bridge ........................................................................................................................................................... 361

Create Polygon ............................................................................................................................................. 364

Extrude ......................................................................................................................................................... 365

Extrude Inner ................................................................................................................................................ 367

Knife ............................................................................................................................................................. 370

Normal Move ............................................................................................................................................... 371

Normal Scale ................................................................................................................................................ 372

Normal Rotate .............................................................................................................................................. 372

Magnet ......................................................................................................................................................... 373

Mirror ........................................................................................................................................................... 375

Smooth Shift ................................................................................................................................................. 377

Align Normals ............................................................................................................................................... 378

Reverse Normals ........................................................................................................................................... 379

Optimize ....................................................................................................................................................... 380

Subdivide ...................................................................................................................................................... 381

Triangulate ................................................................................................................................................... 382

Untriangulate ............................................................................................................................................... 382

Structure Context Menu ............................................................................................................................... 382

Snap Settings ................................................................................................................................................ 383

Snapping in the different modes ............................................................................................................. 383

Enable Snapping ...................................................................................................................................... 383

Construction Plane .................................................................................................................................. 384

Options Tab ............................................................................................................................................. 384

World Grid Tab ........................................................................................................................................ 386

Quantize Tab ........................................................................................................................................... 387

11 Functions Menu ....................................................................................................... 391Arrange ........................................................................................................................................................ 391

Center .......................................................................................................................................................... 392

Connect ........................................................................................................................................................ 393

Current State To Object ................................................................................................................................ 393

Duplicate ...................................................................................................................................................... 394

Randomize ................................................................................................................................................... 396

Reset System ................................................................................................................................................ 397

Transfer ........................................................................................................................................................ 398

12 Plugins ..................................................................................................................... 401Reload Plugins ......................................................................................................................................... 401

Execute Last Plugin ................................................................................................................................. 401

Sub-folders ................................................................................................................................................... 401

13 Render Menu ............................................................................................................ 405Render View ................................................................................................................................................. 405

Render Active Object ................................................................................................................................... 405

Render Region .............................................................................................................................................. 406

Render to Picture Viewer .............................................................................................................................. 406

Batch Rendering ........................................................................................................................................... 407

Render Settings ............................................................................................................................................ 407

New Render Settings .................................................................................................................................... 407

Delete Render Settings ................................................................................................................................. 408

Render Settings ............................................................................................................................................ 408

General Tab ............................................................................................................................................. 408

Output Tab .............................................................................................................................................. 414

Save Tab .................................................................................................................................................. 417

Effects Tab ............................................................................................................................................... 421

Options Tab ............................................................................................................................................. 424

QTVR Tab ................................................................................................................................................ 429

Movie Formats ............................................................................................................................................. 432

14 Window Menu ......................................................................................................... 435General ......................................................................................................................................................... 435

Layout .......................................................................................................................................................... 435

New Icon Palette ..................................................................................................................................... 435

Edit Palettes ............................................................................................................................................. 435

GlobalStatus Bar ...................................................................................................................................... 435

Load Layout ............................................................................................................................................ 435

Save Default Layout ................................................................................................................................ 435

Save Layout as ........................................................................................................................................ 436

Reset Layout ........................................................................................................................................... 436

Default Layouts ....................................................................................................................................... 436

New View Panel ........................................................................................................................................... 436

Object Manager ........................................................................................................................................... 436

Material Manager ......................................................................................................................................... 437

Time Line ...................................................................................................................................................... 437

Picture Viewer .............................................................................................................................................. 437

Coordinates Manager ................................................................................................................................... 438

Structure Manager ....................................................................................................................................... 438

Browser ........................................................................................................................................................ 439

Active Tool Manager .................................................................................................................................... 439

Selection Info ................................................................................................................................................ 439

Structure Info ............................................................................................................................................... 439

Snap Settings ................................................................................................................................................ 440

Console ........................................................................................................................................................ 440

Command Manager ..................................................................................................................................... 440

Menu Manager ............................................................................................................................................ 441

Other Entries ................................................................................................................................................ 441

15 Info Menu................................................................................................................. 445Help .............................................................................................................................................................. 445

MAXON Online ............................................................................................................................................ 445

Personalize ................................................................................................................................................... 445

Info ............................................................................................................................................................... 445

16 Coordinates Manager ............................................................................................... 449

17 Object Manager ....................................................................................................... 453File Menu ..................................................................................................................................................... 454

New Tag .................................................................................................................................................. 454

New Expression ....................................................................................................................................... 462

Load Object ............................................................................................................................................ 464

Save Object As... ..................................................................................................................................... 464

Display Tags ............................................................................................................................................ 464

Close ....................................................................................................................................................... 464

Edit Menu ..................................................................................................................................................... 464

Undo ....................................................................................................................................................... 464

Redo ........................................................................................................................................................ 464

Cut .......................................................................................................................................................... 464

Copy ........................................................................................................................................................ 464

Paste ....................................................................................................................................................... 464

Delete ...................................................................................................................................................... 464

Object Menu ................................................................................................................................................ 465

Object Display ......................................................................................................................................... 465

Object Activation .................................................................................................................................... 465

Edit Object .............................................................................................................................................. 466

Rename Object ....................................................................................................................................... 466

Group Objects ......................................................................................................................................... 466

Expand Object Group .............................................................................................................................. 466

Information (Object) ............................................................................................................................... 466

Information (Scene) ................................................................................................................................. 467

Search Active Object ............................................................................................................................... 467

Fold All .................................................................................................................................................... 467

Unfold All ................................................................................................................................................ 467

Fix Bones ................................................................................................................................................. 467

Reset Bones ............................................................................................................................................. 467

Bake Particles .......................................................................................................................................... 468

Tags Menu .................................................................................................................................................... 469

Edit Tag ................................................................................................................................................... 469

Copy Tag to Children .............................................................................................................................. 469

Delete Tag from Children ........................................................................................................................ 469

Texture Menu ............................................................................................................................................... 469

Generate UVW coordinates .................................................................................................................... 469

Assign UVW coordinates ......................................................................................................................... 470

Fit to Object ............................................................................................................................................ 470

Fit to Image ............................................................................................................................................. 471

Fit to Region ............................................................................................................................................ 471

Adapt to Object Axis ............................................................................................................................... 471

Adapt to World Axes ............................................................................................................................... 472

Adapt to View ......................................................................................................................................... 472

Mirror Horizontally .................................................................................................................................. 472

Mirror Vertically ....................................................................................................................................