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MANU EXPEDITIONS BIRDING AND WILDLIFE TOURS

Birding@ManuExpeditions.com www.Birding-In-Peru.com

The view from Manu Wildlife Centre Lodge – Fabrice Schmitt

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A BIRDING TRIP REPORT FOR LIMA, CUSCO, MACHU-PICCHU, AND MANU NATIONAL PARK

July 05TH - July 19TH 2018

Tour Leader: Gustavo Bautista

An amazing fifteen-day trip where we recorded and saw 11 Peruvian endemics and many more range restricted species, but the focus of this trip was to see a variety of species in the Cloud Forests and the Amazoniana Rainforest in a relaxed manner. This tour started in Lima, where we visited Pucusana beach and the wetlands, then next day we take a flying to Cusco and then to Machu Picchu, enjoying the archaeological site and the birds nearby, and then an epic journey from the Andes to the Amazon, going up and down many valleys to get at the entrance of the Manu Bisophere Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Peru that holds one of the biggest concentrations of biodiversity of life on the planet.

Machu-Picchu

SOME BIRDING LOCALITIES IN LIMA, CUSCO, MACHU-PICCHU, AND THE MANU BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Pucusana beach: -12.4826632, -76.797089 Villa Wetlands: -12.2243504, -76.9878852 Urubamba: -13.298146, -72.130662 Machu Picchu: -13.16537, -72.54478 (2500m) Railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes: -13.2008914, -72.4643183 Hermanos Ayar avenue: -13.157235, -72.531781 Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu: -13.1743675, -72.5425422 Belmond Sanctuary Lodge: -13.1661609, -72.5430156

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Paucartambo: -13.31837, -71.59740 (2900m) Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road): -13.18687, -71.60091 Acjanaco Pass (Manu road): -13.19925, -71.6178 (3360m) Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road): -13.1577714, -71.5976 Buenos Aires area (Manu road): -13.1572177, -71.5881586 Rocotal area (Manu road): -13.10135, -71.569083 Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road): -13.07473, -71.55676 Manú Cloud Forest Lodge (1500-1700m) (Manu road): -13.07012, -71.56578 Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road): -13.0657106, -71.5617844 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge: -13.0558486, -71.5452057 (1300m) Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road): -13.02416, -71.49326 Quita Calzones bridge: -13.0273875, -71.4983153 (1000m) Tanager Corner to Qitacalzones(1100-1300m) (Manu road): -13.03499, -71.52388 Chontachaca (Manu road): -13.0275234, -71.4748463 Patria (600-900m) (Manu road): -12.97113, -71.42432 Amazonia Lodge: -12.87021, -71.37564 Manu Wildlife Center: -12.35545, -70.7064 Blanquillo Claylick: -12.4442778,-70.70425 Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake): -12.4305417,-70.6769371 Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake): -12.4047243, -70.7154751 Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center): -12.4050966, -70.7060367 Puerto Maldonado city: -12.603921,-69.2015076 Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado: -12.585602,-69.221284 La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado: -12.5599567,-69.1897058

DAY BY DAY ACTIVITIES July 05th: In the morning after pickup from Lima Hotel we go to the Villa Marshes and Pucusana beach. Overnight in Lima. July 06th: Pick up from Cusco airport and van trip to Ollantaytambo to catch the train to Machupicchu, pre-check-in at MAPI Hotel, and then go out to bird the Hermanos Ayar avenue. Overnight in MAPI Hotel (Aguas Calientes). July 07th: Early breakfast then get ready to visit the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, after lunch we continue birding near Machu Picchu, then we take the bus to a certain part of the road so we can bird from there to Aguas Calientes, have a delicious lunch at Indio Feliz, and later take the train back to Ollantaytambo and take our private transportation to go to our next hotel. Overnight at Royal Inka Hotel. July 08: Early departure to go to Manu. First stop at Paucartambo picturesque town, from there is one hour going up to gt to the entrance of the Manu National Park, so we start birding from there down to Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, having stops on the way to look for our targets, the stops also include time for having lunch, and visiting the Andean Cock-of-the-rock Lek, we arrived at a good time to the Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge

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so we can enjoy all the birds that attend the feeding stations and specially the hummingbirds at the feeders. Overnight at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. July 09: Early breakfast to bird down the road from the lodge, then back to the lodge for an early lunch and then out again in our private transportation to go up the road to look for more higher elevation birds, then back too the lodge for some owling. Overnight at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. July 10th: Early breakfast and then start birding the grounds of the lodge and walk the trails, in the afternoon we walked along the main road. Overnight at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. July 11th to July 12th: Leaving the lodge after breakfast and birding a bit more the garden. We continued going down the Manu road, stopping in important areas until we arrive to the boat port, where we take our private motorized boat down to Amazonia Lodge which is at ca. 600m. We spend here 2 nights. The main attraction here are the hummingbirds that attend the feeders and the whole garden itself there is great birds activity most of the day, we will also visit a tower which is about one hour hike up in the foothills, and visit the trail system of the lodge. 2 overnights at Amazonia Lodge. July 13th: Leaving after breakfast after birding a bit more the garden. On this day we spend a lot of good time birding down the river ca. 6 to 8 hours (including stops) to get to the next lodge. We arrive in daylight. Overnight in Manu Wildlife Center. July 14th to July 18th: We spend 05 nights in this beautiful lodge that has an amazing trail system, there would be days where we leave the lodge to go tho the Blanquillo Claylick to watch the macaws, an spectacular event, other days we leave with the boat down river to visit two oxbow lakes Camungo and Blanco, one of them has a huge canopy tower, great for watching canopy activity, we visit these lakes in different days, nearby the Manu Wildlife Center Lodge there is a Canopy tower as well, which is good to visit any time, we have two owling days here, the last day which is the 18th we left early in the morning to visit the Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center), and then continue going down the river to go to Colorado Port, and get on different cars (probox) to get to the Inambari river, is about an hour drive to there, then we take another boat just too cross the Inambari river, on the other side of the river our private transportation we´ll be waiting for us to take us to Puerto Maldonado city, it is a long day traveling. Overnight in Cabaña Quinta in Puerto Maldonado. July 19th: After breakfast we go in our pivate transportation to bird nearby Puerto Maldonado in 2 specific hotspots Pastora road and La Cachuela. After birding we have time to go back to the hotel to get our luggage and get ready to get to the airport to catch our flight back to Cusco or to Lima. - End of the tour.

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The Key to the Bird list

RR = Range restricted species (total range < 50.000 km2) E = Peruvian Endemic

* = Heard Only ca. = approximately

IUCN RED LIST CATEGORY (2018) Critically endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable

THE BIRDLIST TINAMOUS Great Tinamou (Tinamus major) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. White-throated Tinamou (Tinamus guttatus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Cinereous Tinamou (Crypturellus cinereus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Little Tinamou (Crypturellus soui) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Brown Tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus) * Heard along the Madre de Dios River and at Blanquillo claylick. Black-capped Tinamou (Crypturellus atrocapillus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Bartlett's Tinamou (Crypturellus bartletti) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center.

SCREAMERS Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta) Heard and seen along the Madre de Dios river and at Blanquillo claylick.

DUCKS, AND GEESE Orinoco Goose (Oressochen jubatus) A pair seen along the Madre de Dios river.

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Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and along Hermanos Ayar avenue. How on earth does this species cope “acoustically” by living in such torrential waters? Merganetta: Gr. Mergus= a merganser, and netta=a duck. armata: L. armed, armoured, in reference to the carpal spurs in Torrent Ducks.

Torent Duck - Jake Faust

White-cheeked Pintail (Anas bahamensis) Seen in Lima. Andean Duck (Oxyura ferruginea) Seen in Lima.

GUANS Speckled Chachalaca (Ortalis guttata) A very common bird of Amazonian lowlands. Common in more lightly wooded and forest edge areas in the lowlands

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Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, around Machu Picchu, and at Rocotal area (Manu road). Penelope was the wife of the hero Odysseus in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Icarius and Periboea. Penelope had managed to keep all of her suitors at bay. She had told them she would choose a suitor once she finished weaving a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes; however, every night, she would undo part of the shroud. Her plan was revealed by one of her servants, Melantho. Penelope eventually appeared in front of the suitors and said that she would marry the suitor that would be able to string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads. She already knew that this was a task that only her husband would have been able to achieve. None of the suitors was able to complete the task, and a disguised Odysseus asked to try; after being successful, he revealed himself and killed the suitors with the help of his son, the goddess Athena, and two of his herdsmen. Penelope, still not believing that this was her husband, told him to command the servant to move their bed. Odysseus protested saying that it was impossible as one of the legs of the bed was part of a living olive tree. Penelope finally accepted that this man was who he claimed to be, and the couple were reunited. Spix's Guan (Penelope jacquacu) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Named after the German naturalist and collector in Brazil (1781-1826) Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix. Blue-throated Piping-Guan (Pipile cumanensis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center and along the Madre de Dios river. Razor-billed Curassow (Mitu tuberosum) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

Razor-billed Curassow – Fabrice Schmitt

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NEW WORLD QUAIL Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail (Odontophorus speciosus)* Heard at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

GREBES White-tufted Grebe (Rollandia rolland) Seen in Lima. Rollandia: Specific name Podiceps rolland. rolland= In honor of Thomas Pierre Rolland, Master Gunner (1776-1847) French Navy, of the corvette L’Uranie which circled the globe 1817-1848. Great Grebe (Podiceps major) Seen in Lima.

FLAMINGOS Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) Seen in Lima.

PIGEONS AND DOVES Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) Introduced species and common. Feral population. Pale-vented Pigeon (Patagioenas cayennensis) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake), Puerto Maldonado city and along the Madre de Dios river. Spot-winged Pigeon (Patagioenas maculosa) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes. Plumbeous Pigeon (Patagioenas plumbea) A common species from the foothills down to the Amazon. Ruddy Ground-Dove (Columbina talpacoti) Common. Found in open and half-open areas in the Amazon. Bare-faced Ground-Dove (Metriopelia ceciliae) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes. Named for Cecile Gautrau daughter of French naturalist Rene Lesson. White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue. Named for the impressive sounding John Baptiste Edouard Verreaux (1810-1868) French Natural History dealer and collector.

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Gray-fronted Dove (Leptotila rufaxilla) Common. Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center and near Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). This and the previous species have complicated distribution with places where they occur side by side and other where only one occurs or is more common. In this part of Peru, the two species appear to segregate one another by elevation. White-tipped is found in the foothills and Gray-fronted in the lowlands. At least one is far more common than the other at different elevations. Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata) Common in the Andes. West Peruvian Dove (Zenaida meloda) Seen in Lima. Croaking Ground-Dove (Columbina cruziana) Seen in Lima.

CUCKOOS Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani) Common in the Amazon. Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road), Blanquillo claylick, Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake), Puerto Maldonado city and along the Madre de Dios river. Groove-billed Ani (Crotophaga sulcirostris) Seen in Lima. Pavonine Cuckoo (Dromococcyx pavoninus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Little Cuckoo (Coccycua minuta) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) Common in the Amazon.

POTOOS The potoos are a highly conservative family in appearance, with all the species closely resembling one another; species accounts in ornithological literature remark on their unusual appearance. Potoos range from 21–58 cm in length. They resemble upright sitting nightjars, a closely related family (Caprimulgidae). They also resemble the frogmouths of Australasia, that are stockier and have much heavier bills. They have proportionally large heads for their body size and long wings and tails. The large head is dominated by a massive broad bill and enormous eyes. In the treatment of the family in the Handbook of the Birds of the World, Cohn-Haft describes the potoos as "little more than a flying mouth and eyes". The bill, while large and broad, is also short, barely projecting past the face. It is delicate, but has a unique "tooth" on the cutting edge of the upper mandible that may assist in foraging. Unlike the closely related nightjars, the

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potoos lack rictal bristles around the mouth. The legs and feet are weak and used only for perching. The eyes are large, even larger than those of nightjars. As in many species of nocturnal birds, they reflect the light of flashlights. Their eyes, which could be conspicuous to potential predators during the day, have unusual slits in the lids, which allow potoos to sense movement even when their eyes are closed. Their plumage is cryptic, helping them blend into the branches on which they spend their days. Great Potoo (Nyctibius grandis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

Great Potoo – Pieter Jakobus

NIGHTJARS Sand-colored Nighthawk (Chordeiles rupestris) Common. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Band-winged Nightjar (Systellura longirostris) Seen at Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Common Pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis) Common in the Amazon. Ladder-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis climacocerca) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Ocellated Poorwill (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

SWIFTS Except when nesting, swifts spend their lives in the air, living on the insects caught in flight; they drink, feed, and often mate and sleep on the wing. Some individuals go 10 months without landing. No other bird spends as much of its life in flight. Their maximum horizontal flying speed is 111.6 km/h. Chestnut-collared Swift (Streptoprocne rutila) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris) A common species from the foothills down to the Amazon. White-tipped Swift (Aeronautes montivagus) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge. Fork-tailed Palm-Swift (Tachornis squamata) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.

HUMMINGBIRDS With some 330 currently recognized species, these amazing birds form one of the largest avian families in the New World, surpassed only by the Tyrant-flycatchers (Tyrannidae), the latter comprising over 370 species. Amazing little creatures, hummingbirds have a resting heart rate of 1000 beats per minute (compare this to the average human rate of around 60-80 beats per minute!). This carries tremendous amounts of oxygen and energy to the relatively massive breast muscles. In addition, birds have to have a huge lung capacity in order to keep up with the large amounts of oxygen needed. Their respiratory system is so highly developed that they can actually breathe in and out at the same time. White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Buff-tailed Sicklebill (Eutoxeres condamini) Seen from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). condamini: in honor of Charles Marie de la Condamine (1701-1774) French scientist, mathematician, explorer, traveller on the Amazon 1735-1743. Rufous-breasted Hermit (Glaucis hirsutus) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Manu Wildlife Center. White-bearded Hermit (Phaethornis hispidus)

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Seen around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado. Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Quita Calzones bridge. E Koepcke's Hermit (Phaethornis koepckeae) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. koepckeae: In honor of Maria Emilia Koepcke née von Mikulicz-Radecki (1924-1971) German ornithologist in Peru 1949-1971, explorer, and collector. Named for Maria Koepcke, originally Maria Emilie Anna von Mikulicz-Radecki, was born and educated in Germany, earning a PhD in Zoology from Kiel University in 1949. She then moved to Peru, where she married zoologist Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke in 1950. Together they collaborated on much of their scientific work and publications, and had a daughter named Juliane. She was a successful Neotropical ornithologist at a time when South American ornithology was male-dominated. On Christmas Eve 1971, Koepcke traveled with her 17-year-old daughter on LANSA Flight 508 from Lima to Pucallpa to join her husband for a holiday. The plane encountered a severe thunderstorm, was hit by lightning, and disintegrated above the Amazon Rainforest. Seated next to each other, the Koepkes were separated in mid-air (with Juliane remaining belted to their row of three seats), and both survived the fall. Coming to rest in different areas of the jungle floor, Maria was badly injured and died several days later. Juliane, despite sustaining a broken collar bone and an eye injury, was able enough to travel through the dense jungle for eleven days, before reaching a makeshift logging camp and being subsequently rescued on 3 January 1972.

Koepckes hermit – John Hopkins

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Great-billed Hermit (Phaethornis malaris) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Reddish Hermit (Phaethornis ruber) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Geoffroy's Wedgebill (Schistes geoffroyi) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. The two species of wedgebill - Geoffroy's Wedgebill and White-throated Wedgebill (Schistes albogularis) - formerly were classified as a single species, Wedge-billed Hummingbird (Schistes geoffroyi). The recurring mention of "wedge" in the English names for these hummingbirds refers to the tip of the bill, which is very narrow and sharply pointed; this unusual bill shape is quite distinctive, but is not readily seen in the field. Named for Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire (1772-1884) French zoologist. Lesser Violetear (Colibri cyanotus) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu and Buenos Aires area (Manu road). The Central and Middle American form of Green Violetear have been split into Mexican Violetear by the AOU sour form which occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia is now this species. Black-eared Fairy (Heliothryx auritus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Wire-crested Thorntail (Discosura popelairii) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Jean BaptisteBaron Popelairede Terloo Belgian naturalist and collector in Peru in the first half of the 19th century.

Wire-crested Thorntail -Allan Chartier

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Rufous-crested Coquette (Lophornis delattrei) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Named after French naturalist/collector Henri de Lattre (1838).

Rufous-crested Coquette – John Hopkins

E Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Speckled Hummingbird (Adelomyia melanogenys) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Long-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus kingii) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Rear-Admiral Philip Parker King (1791-1856) British marine surveyor and collector in tropical America. He subsequently commanded the survey vessel HMS Adventure, and in company with HMS Beagle, spent five years surveying the complex convoluted coasts around the Strait of Magellan (1826-1830) at the southern tip of South America. At the same time, King put together a unique collection of Patagonian objects from local tribes living in Tierra del Fuego, which was later donated to the British Museum in London. In addition to written records, King also lent his hand to drawing and watercolour painting for illustrations, some of which were later used to illustrate his accounts. The result was presented at a meeting of the Royal Geographical Society in 1831. His eldest son, also named Philip Gidley King,[7] accompanied his father and continued as a midshipman in HMS Beagle (1832 - 1836) on the continuing survey of Patagonia under Robert FitzRoy, in the company of noted scientist Charles Darwin (1809-1882). King owned a property

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at Dunheved in the western suburbs of Sydney where he entertained Charles Darwin on Darwin's last night in Sydney in January 1836. Tyrian Metaltail (Metallura tyrianthina) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Named after the color Tyrian purple. Variously known as Royal purple, Tyrian purple, purple of the ancients, this ancient dyestuff, mentioned in texts dating about 1600 BC, was produced from the mucus of the hypobranchial gland of various species of marine mollusks, notably Murex. Although originating in old port of Tire in modern day Syria (hence the name), man's first large scale chemical industry spread throughout the world. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the use of the dye also declined and large-scale production ceased with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was replaced by other cheaper dyes like lichen purple and madder. RR Buff-thighed Puffleg (Haplophaedia assimilis) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Bronzy Inca (Coeligena coeligena) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Chestnut-breasted Coronet (Boissonneaua matthewsii) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge, and at Rocotal area (Manu road). Gould's Jewelfront (Heliodoxa aurescens) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. The common name commemorates the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould (1804–1881). He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates that he produced with the assistance of his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. He has been considered the father of bird study in Australia and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species. E Anna’s Racket-tail (Ocreatus underwoodii) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. The Racket tailed Puffleg was unknown in life but specimens existed in various London cabinets, whence a drawing was sent in 1832 by Mr. Underwood on behalf of Charles Stokes, a London stockbroker and collector. An article in Zootaxa 4200 (1): 083–108 2016 Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from

morphologyand display behavior by KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN, ANDRÉ-A. WELLER & DIETMAR JÜRGENS provided evidence from plumage and behavior that Ocreatus underwoodii should be treated as four species, with the subspecies addae, annae, and peruana elevated to species rank. If this is so the species would be thus:

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White-booted Racket-tail O. underwoodii Venezuela to W Ecuador Peruvian Racket-tail O. peruvianus E Ecuador to NE Peru Anna’s Racket-tail O. annae Pasco to Cuzco (endemic) Rufous-booted Racket-tail O. addae Bolivia (endemic)

Violet-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa leadbeateri) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas) Seen at Paucartambo (town). One of the world's largest Hummingbirds after the Sword-billed Hummingbird if talking about measurement from tail tip to bill tip. White-bellied Woodstar (Chaetocercus mulsant) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Named for Martial Etienne Mulsant French zoologist and explorer.

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Amethyst Woodstar (Calliphlox amethystina) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Blue-tailed Emerald (Chlorostilbon mellisugus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Violet-headed Hummingbird (Klais guimeti) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Gray-breasted Sabrewing (Campylopterus largipennis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Fork-tailed Woodnymph (Thalurania furcata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Amazonia Lodge, and Manu Wildlife Center. Many-spotted Hummingbird (Taphrospilus hypostictus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. E Green-and-white Hummingbird (Amazilia viridicauda) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue and at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.

Green-and-white Hummingbird – Phil Kindermann

Sapphire-spangled Emerald (Amazilia lactea) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

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Golden-tailed Sapphire (Chrysuronia oenone) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

HOATZIN Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Common in the Amazon. Seen mainly at the oxbow lakes.

LIMPKIN Limpkin (Aramus guarauna) Seen along the Pastora road.

RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS Gray-breasted Crake (Laterallus exilis) * Heard at Blanquillo claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Gray-cowled Wood-Rail (Aramides cajaneus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. The old Gray-necked Wood-Rail has been split two ways – Russet-napped Wood-Rail Aramides albiventris of Mexico and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and the one we saw of the Pacific slope of Cosat Riva to Argentina. Common Gallinule (Gallinula galeata) Seen in Lima. Note that the New World form has been split from the Common Moorhen of Eurasia. Common Gallinule of Western Hemisphere is split from Common Moorhen on the basis of morphological, genetic, and vocal differences (Groenenberg et al 2008).

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Slate-colored Coot (Fulica ardesiaca) Seen in Lima. Called "Andean Coot" in Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990), Taylor (1996 and Ridgely et al. (2001) but other authors use Slate-colored Coot.

SUNGREBE Sungrebe (Heliornis fulica) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).

PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS Pied Lapwing (Vanellus cayanus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Killdeer (Charadrius vociferous) Seen in Lima.

OYSTERCATCHERS American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates) Seen in Lima. Blackish Oystercatcher (Haematopus ater) Seen in Lima.

THICK-KNEES RR Peruvian Thick-knee (Burhinus superciliaris) Seen in Lima.

Peruvian Thick-knee

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SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES Willet (Tringa semipalmata) Seen in Lima. Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) Seen in Lima.

JACANA Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).

SKIMMERS

Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) Seen in Lima and along the Madre de Dios river.

GULLS AND TERNS Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) Seen in Lima. RR Belcher's Gull (Larus belcheri) Seen in Lima. Nmaed in honor of British naval explorer Sir Edward Belcher (1799-1877). Up until rather recently this species was considered conspecific with the Olrog’s Gull (Larus atlanticus) of the Atlantic coast of South America and was then called the Band-tailed Gull. Belcher’s Gull is restricted to the Humboldt Current region, from southernmost Ecuador to northern Chile where it is common RR Gray Gull (Leucophaeus modestus) Seen in Lima. The Gray Gull is one of the most common species on the Pacific Coast influenced by the Humboldt Current. For years it was a mystery as to where this species bred. They were seen copulating on the coast, vocalizing and displaying, but no nests were found. Given the many thousands present on shore it was a paradox that no colonies had been discovered. It was not until the early 1970s that it was confirmed that this gull breeds deep in the absolute desert of northern Chile. It takes flat areas in the desert, where often no measurable rainfall exists in a year, a decade, or more. Lacking the basic element of life, water, these breeding areas are surprisingly safe as there are few to no predators there. As the gulls are highly mobile they can commute from the inland colonies to the sea daily and provide food to the chicks. RR Inca Tern (Larosterna inca) Seen in Lima. Perhaps the worls most beautiful Tern Franklin's Gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan) Seen in Lima. Breeds in North America

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Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) Seen in Lima. Andean Gull (Chroicocephalus serranus) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and Hermanos Ayar avenue. Yellow-billed Tern (Sternula superciliaris) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

SUNBITTERN Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake) and along the Madre de Dios river.

PENGUINS RR Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) Seen in Pucusana. Only found in the Humboldt Current off the coast of Peru and Chile. Named for the impressive sounding Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer, and influential proponent of romantic philosophy.VULNERABLE

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STORKS Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

DARTERS Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes).

BOOBIES Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata) Seen in Lima.

CORMORANTS Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) A common species seen along the Madre de Dios river. Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii) Seen in Lima. This species feeds in the open waters of the Humboldt Current off Chile and Peru, and breeds on islands and coastal headlands. Particularly during El Niño years, birds may disperse north to Panama and south to Cape Horn. It feeds almost entirely on the schooling fish anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) by diving from the surface, often in flocks that feed cooperatively. Birds also nest together in large, dense colonies on relatively flat terrain. Breeding success is heavily tied to food availability, and can vary dramatically between years. Red-legged Cormorant (Phalacrocorax gaimardi) Seen in Pucusana. Named for French surgeon/naturalist/explorer Joseph Paul Gaimard (1793-1858).

Red-legged Cormorant – Dave Krueper

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PELICANS

Peruvian Pelican (Pelecanus thagus) Seen in Lima.

HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Fasciated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum) A fairly common species seen along the Madre de Dios river. Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi) A common species seen along the Madre de Dios river. Great Egret (Ardea alba) A common species seen along the Madre de Dios river. Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) A common species seen along the Madre de Dios river. Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Common species. Striated Heron (Butorides striata) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Capped Heron (Pilherodius pileatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

IBISES Puna Ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) Seen at Acjanaco pass and along the Madre de Dios river. Andean Ibis (Theristicus branickii) Seen at Sipascancha Community (Paucartambo). Theristicus: Gr. theristikos, theistron= a sickle shaped tool to collect or harvest. branickii: After Konstanty Graf Von Branicki, Polish Zoologist founder of the Branicki Zoological Museum in Warsaw.

NEW WORLD VULTURES Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Common species.

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Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) Common species. Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspecies group (jota and "falklandica") might merit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartes aura group. Greater Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes melambrotus) Common species in the Amazon. King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo claylick, Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake), and along the Madre de Dios river.

OSPREY Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Black Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus) * Heard at Patria (Manu road) and Piscifactoría La Cachuela (Puerto Maldonado). Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Spizaetus: Gr. spizas= falcon and aetos= eagle. isidori: in honor of French zoologist and author Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1806-1861). ENDANGERED Double-toothed Kite (Harpagus bidentatus) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge and at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Plumbeous Kite (Ictinia plumbea) Common. Seen mainly along the Madre de Dios river. Slate-colored Hawk (Buteogallus schistaceus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Great Black Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga) Common. Seen mainly along the Madre de Dios river.

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Black and Chestnut Eagle – Ian Merrill

Solitary Eagle (Buteogallus solitarius) Seen at yje Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) Common. Mainly along the Madre de Dios river. Harris's Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) Seen in Lima. Gray-lined Hawk (Buteo nitidus) Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road). Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Zone-tailed Hawk (Buteo albonotatus) Seen around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado.

OWLS Rufescent Screech-Owl (Megascops ingens) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (Megascops watsonii) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Recent analyses of genetic and vocal differences (König et al. 1999) confirm a major division of the screech-owls into New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) and Old World groups, as noted by Amadon & Bull (1988).<incorp. Van der Weyden 1975> consequently, the AOU (Banks et al. 2003) placed all New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) in the genus Megascops. The SACC says: Sibley & Monroe (1990) and König et al. (1999) treated usta as a separate species from Megascops watsonii based on vocal differences, but this was not followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001). SACC proposal to recognize usta as a separate species from M. watsonii was rejected because of inadequate geographic sampling and analysis. Usta was split by Restall 2002. Named after Gavin Watson US writer and ornithologist. Crested Owl (Lophostrix cristata) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Spectacled Owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Yungas Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium bolivianum) * Heard at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Amazonian Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium hardyi) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) Seen around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado. Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

QUETZALS AND TROGONS Golden-headed Quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road), Rocotal area (Manu road) and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). From the Greek Pharo = Mantle or Cloak. Machrus = long. Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus) Common. Mainly seen at Amazonia Lodge.

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Golden-headed Quetzal- Gustavo Bautista

Amazonian Trogon (Trogon ramonianus) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). The subspecies ramonianus and caligatus were formerly (e.g., Cory 1919, Pinto 1937) considered separate species from Trogon violaceus (Violaceous Trogon) but Peters (1945) considered them all conspecific. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered caligatus (Gartered Trogon) of Middle America and northwestern South America to be a separate species from Trogon violaceus, and this was followed by Hilty (2003); Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) indicate that caligatus is basal to a group that includes Amazonian T. violaceus, T. curucui, and T. surrucura (and that Amazonian violaceus may be paraphyletic with respect to the latter two species). SACC proposal was passed to recognize caligatus as a species. SACC proposal passed to recognize ramonianus as a separate species from T. violaceus.

So, in short you have 3 species that came out of Violaceous Trogon. Gartered Trogon caligatus – S. Mexico to NW Peru Amazonian Trogon - Trogon ramonianus – the Amazon Basin Guianan Trogon –Trogon viridis – Trindad and the Guianan Shield

Blue-crowned Trogon (Trogon curucui) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick, and Manu Wildlife Center.

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Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road), Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, and Quita Calzones bridge.

MOTMOTS Amazonian Motmot (Momotus momota) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

Andean Motmot

Andean Motmot (Momotus aequatorialis) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, Hermanos Ayar avenue, and at Rocotal area (Manu road). So, there are now 6 recognized species that came out of the old Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus coeruliceps Blue-crowned Motmot – NE and Central Mexico Momotus lessoni Blue-diademed Motmot – South Mexico to Central Panama Momotus subrufescens Whooping Motmot - E Panama to NC Venezuela and the Magdalena Valley of Colombia; SE Ecuador and extreme NW Peru. Momotus bahamensis Trinidad Motmot – Trindad & Tobago Momotus momota Amazonian Motmot - Venezuela (S of the Orinoco) and the Guianas S through the entire Amazon basin to extreme N Argentina and Paraguay. Momotus aequatorialis Andean Motmot – The Andes from NC Colombia to NE Bolivia. Broad-billed Motmot (Electron platyrhynchum)

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Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

KINGFISHERS Ringed Kingfisher (Megaceryle torquata) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick.

PUFFBIRDS Western Striolated-Puffbird (Nystalus obamai) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Named for the former President of the United States Barrack Obama. Semicollared Puffbird (Malacoptila semicincta) * Ht Manu Wildlife Center. Rufous-capped Nunlet (Nonnula ruficapilla) * Heard on the Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Black-fronted Nunbird (Monasa nigrifrons) Common in the Amazon. Monasa is Greek for solitary or a monk a reference to the plain plumage and quiet behavior of the Nunbirds. White-fronted Nunbird (Monasa morphoeus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Morpheous was the son of sleep and god of dreams a referral to the lethargic behavior of this Nunbird.

Swallow-winged Puffbird (Chelidoptera tenebrosa) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.

JACAMARS RR Purus Jacamar (Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus) Seen at Cocha Camungo and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes). Named for the Purus River that runs from eastern Peru into Brazil. Bluish-fronted Jacamar (Galbula cyanescens) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

BARBETS Gilded Barbet (Capito auratus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center.

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Lemon-throated Barbet (Eubucco richardsoni) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Capito: L. Caput= head, big head. richardsonii: tribute to the surgeon, zoologist, botanist, geologist and Scottish explorer. Sir John Richardson-(1787-1865). Versicolored Barbet (Eubucco versicolor) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

TOUCANS Chestnut-tipped Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus derbianus) Seen from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). Blue-banded Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road). Gray-breasted Mountain-Toucan (Andigena hypoglauca) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Chestnut-eared Aracari (Pteroglossus castanotis) Seen from Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road) and along the Madre de Dios river. In Greek Pteroglossus means “feathertongued” a reference to the slim feather-like tongues of toucans and aracaris.

Golden-collared Toucanet (Selenidera reinwardtii) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

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White-throated Toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) Seen at the Blanquillo Claylick.

WOODPECKERS Rufous-breasted Piculet (Picumnus rufiventris) Seen on the Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Yellow-tufted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cruentatus) Common in the Amazon. Little Woodpecker (Veniliornis passerinus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado. Red-stained Woodpecker (Veniliornis affinis) Seen from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). Golden-olive Woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue, Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Quita Calzones bridge. Crimson-mantled Woodpecker (Colaptes rivolii) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Colaptes: Gr. kolaptë, kolaptö = beak-shaped like a chisel, peck. rivolli: In honor of French ornithologist and collector Francois Victor Massena prince d’Essling and Duc of Rivoli.

Crimson-mantled Woodpecker

Cream-colored Woodpecker (Celeus flavus) Seen nearby Blanquillo Claylick and Manu Wildlife Center. The cream of Woodpeckers!

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Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river, Blanquillo Claylick, and Manu Wildlife Center. Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

FALCONS AND CARACARAS Barred Forest-Falcon (Micrastur ruficollis) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. Collared Forest-Falcon (Micrastur semitorquatus) * Heard at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake) and Manu Wildlife Center. Black Caracara (Daptrius ater) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Red-throated Caracara (Ibycter americanus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick, Manu Wildlife Centernand Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis) Seen along the Madre de Dios river.

NEW WORLD PARROTS Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet (Touit huetii) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Amazonian Parrotlet (Nannopsittaca dachilleae) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Nannopsittaca: Gr. nannos= dwarf and psittake= parrot, parakeet. dedachilleae= in honor of Italian journalist and ecologist based in Peru, Barbara D’Achille. Barbara was known for practicing environmental and conservation journalism at a time when such activity was still new in Peru. On the morning of May 31, 1989 in the area of Huarmicocha her car was ambushed by a group belonging to the terrorist organization Sendero Luminoso, to whom she refused to conduct a political interview, claiming that she was an ecological journalist. She was subsequently

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murdered in front of the Tutacoccha Lagoon, along with Ing. Estevan Bohorquez who worked on a local conservation project and acted as her guide. Tui Parakeet (Brotogeris sanctithomae) Seen at the Blanquillo Claylick. Cobalt-winged Parakeet (Brotogeris cyanoptera) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Orange-cheeked Parrot (Pyrilia barrabandi) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Named after Jaques Barrand (1767-1809), French bird and flower illustrator. Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Farinosa is Latin for “Sprinkled with Flour” referring to the “dusted” appearance of this Amazon. Scaly-naped Parrot (Amazona mercenarius) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road). Dusky-billed Parrotlet (Forpus modestus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. White-bellied Parrot (Pionites leucogaster) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Dusky-headed Parakeet (Aratinga weddellii) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Red-bellied Macaw (Orthopsittaca manilatus) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Blue-headed Macaw (Primolius couloni) * At Amazonia Lodge. VULNERABLE Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Military Macaw (Ara militaris)

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Seen from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge. VULNERABLE Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river and Blanquillo Claylick.

Red and Green Macaws – Alex Durand

Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severus) Common. Seen from Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Quita Calzones bridge, Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center, Blanquillo Claylick and along the Madre de Dios river. Mitred Parakeet (Psittacara mitratus) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue. White-eyed Parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus) Seen from Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Quita Calzones bridge, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.

ANTBIRDS Chestnut-shouldered Antwren (Euchrepomis humeralis) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Fasciated Antshrike (Cymbilaimus lineatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. RR Bamboo Antshrike (Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae) * At Amazonia Lodge. Great Antshrike (Taraba major) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Plain-winged Antshrike (Thamnophilus schistaceus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Dusky-throated Antshrike (Thamnomanes ardesiacus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Bluish-slate Antshrike (Thamnomanes schistogynus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. The understory flock leader Plain-throated Antwren (Isleria hauxwelli) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Spot-winged Antshrike (Pygiptila stellaris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. White-eyed Antwren (Epinecrophylla leucophthalma) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Ornate Antwren (Epinecrophylla ornata) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Pygmy Antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura) * Heard from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). Sclater's Antwren (Myrmotherula sclateri) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Amazonian Streaked-Antwren (Myrmotherula multostriata) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Stripe-chested Antwren (Myrmotherula longicauda) * Heard from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-flanked Antwren (Myrmotherula axillaris)

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Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Willis (1984), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), Hilty (2003), and Zimmer & Isler (2003) noted that vocal differences among several subspecies of Myrmotherula axillaris suggest that more than one species is involved. Slaty Antwren (Myrmotherula schisticolor) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Long-winged Antwren (Myrmotherula longipennis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. One of the common ones in the understory mixed-species flock. Gray Antwren (Myrmotherula menetriesii) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Dot-winged Antwren (Microrhopias quixensis) Seen at Chontachaca (Manu road). RR Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird (Hypocnemis subflava) Seen from the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). Black Antbird (Cercomacroides serva) * At Amazonia Lodge. RR Manu Antbird (Cercomacra manu) Seen in Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Gray Antbird (Cercomacra cinerascens) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. White-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena leuconota) * From the Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-browed Antbird (Myrmoborus leucophrys) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Black-faced Antbird (Myrmoborus myotherinus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. White-lined Antbird (Percnostola lophotes) * At Blanquillo Claylick and in Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Plumbeous Antbird (Myrmelastes hyperythrus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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White-browed Antbird

Chestnut-tailed Antbird (Sciaphylax hemimelaena) Common in the Amazon. Goeldi's Antbird (Akletos goeldii) Seen in Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Favors Bamboo but is not restricted to it. Named for Emil August Goeldi, German naturalist resident in Brazil and author of “Aves do Brasil” 1894. Black-throated Antbird (Myrmophylax atrothorax) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Spot-backed Antbird (Hylophylax naevius) * At Amazonia Lodge. Black-spotted Bare-eye (Phlegopsis nigromaculata) * At Amazonia Lodge.

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GNATEATERS RR Ash-throated Gnateater (Conopophaga peruviana) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

ANTPITTAS Amazonian Antpitta (Hylopezus berlepschi) * At Amazonia Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Thrush-like Antpitta (Myrmothera campanisona) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center.

TAPACULOS Rusty-belted Tapaculo (Liosceles thoracicus) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge. White-crowned Tapaculo (Scytalopus atratus) * At Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road), Rocotal area (Manu road) and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). RR Diademed Tapaculo (Scytalopus schulenbergi) * At Acjanaco pass. Named for Thomas Schulemberg of Cornell University author of A Field guide to the Birds of Peru.

ANTTHRUSHES Rufous-capped Antthrush (Formicarius colma) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Black-faced Antthrush (Formicarius analis) * Recorded at Quitacalzones to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge, Manu Wildlife Center, nearby Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake) and along the Madre de Dios river. RR Rufous-fronted Antthrush (Formicarius rufifrons) Seen on the Antthrush Trail (Manu Wildlife Center). Origioanlly collected by Celestino Kalinowski along the Río Madre de Dios, at the mouth of the Río Colorado in 1954, The species then went undetected for 24 years, when Ted Parker found one singing in the middle of a long-term study plot at the Cocha Cashu Biological Station in Manu National Park, not far upstream from the type locality (Parker 1983). Kratter (1995) provided more detail on habitat selection and estimated a population of fewer than 1000 pairs based on its known distribution in the Madre de Dios watershed of Peru. The species has since been found in the Rio Madre de Dios drainage in adjacent Bolivia, in the Rio Jurua drainage in Brazil, and in the Urubamba drainage in Cuzco, Peru. Rufous-breasted Antthrush (Formicarius rufipectus) * Heard at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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OVENBIRDS Tawny-throated Leaftosser (Sclerurus mexicanus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Certainly, consists of multiple species (Hardy et al. 1991, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Parker et al. 1995, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Hilty 2003), with at least five subspecies group possibly deserving separate species status (Marantz et al. 2003). The subspecies viridis and amazonus are elevational replacements in southern Peru with different song types (Robbins et al. 2013). Long-tailed Woodcreeper (Deconychura longicauda) * At Manu Wildlife Center. White-chinned Woodcreeper (Dendrocincla merula) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper (Glyphorynchus spirurus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper (Dendrexetastes rufigula) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Long-billed Woodcreeper (Nasica longirostris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Centre

. Strong-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Elegant Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus elegans) * Here the jurua subspecies. Note that Zimmer (1934d), Pinto (1937), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered Xiphorhynchus elegans and X. spixii (Spix’s Woodcreeper) conspecific, but see Haffer (1997) for rationale for treating them as separate species, as in Peters (1951) and Meyer de Schauensee (1970). Aleixo (2002) also found molecular support for treating nominate spixii as a separate species from all other taxa in the group. Cory & Hellmayr (1925) treated the subspecies juruanus and insignis as separate species from X. spixii (Jurua Woodcreeper), and Pinto (1947) also maintained juruanus as a separate species; but they were considered conspecific by Zimmer (1934d) and Peters (1951). <incorp. Aleixo 2004>.

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Long-billed Woodcreeper – Kit Larsen

Buff-throated Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus guttatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. The most common Lowland rainforest Woodcreeper; some authorities consider Buff throated Woodcreeper of SE Brazil as distinct but some authorities consider the reason for splitting weak. Olive-backed Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus triangularis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Straight-billed Woodcreeper (Dendroplex picus) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center. Montane Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). lacrymiger “tear gathering” referring to the spotting.

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E Coastal Miner (Geositta peruviana) Seen in Lima. The genus name literally means ‘nuthatch of the earth’. E Surf Cinclodes (Cinclodes taczanowskii) Seen in Lima. taczanowskii: In honor of Wladyslaw Kazimierovic Taczanowski (1819-1890) Polish zoologist, collector, Curator of Zoology, Warsaw University Mus., 1862-1890.

Surf Cinclodes – Chris Collins

Streaked Xenops (Xenops rutilans) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge. Pale-legged Hornero (Furnarius leucopus) Common in the Amazon. Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner (Philydor erythrocercum) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor erythropterum) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner (Philydor rufum) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Montane Foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia striaticollis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road).

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Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia ruficaudata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Chestnut-winged Hookbill (Ancistrops strigilatus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner (Automolus rufipileatus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner (Automolus ochrolaemus) * At Amazonia Lodge. Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner (Automolus infuscatus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Spotted Barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) * Heard at Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Plain Softtail (Thripophaga fusciceps) * At Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). E Creamy-crested Spinetail (Cranioleuca albicapilla) Seen at Acjanaco pass. Unlike Synallaxis spinetails, members of this genus are typically arboreal, often favoring vine tangles in mid-storey and subcanopy.

Creamy-crested Spinetail - Dave Krueper

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Ash-browed Spinetail (Cranioleuca curtata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. VULENERABLE Plain-crowned Spinetail (Synallaxis gujanensis) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Dark-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis albigularis) * At Blanquillo Claylick. Azara's Spinetail (Synallaxis azarae) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, Buenos Aires area (Manu road), Rocotal area (Manu road), and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Named for the Spaniard Brigadier General Felix Manuel de Azara (1742-1821) who commanded the Paraguayan/Brazilian frontier.

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS White-banded Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus stictopterus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). White-throated Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus leucophrys) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road) and Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet (Tyrannulus elatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Mottle-backed Elaenia (Elaenia gigas) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and nearby Blanquillo Claylick. Sierran Elaenia (Elaenia pallatangae) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Torrent Tyrannulet (Serpophaga cinerea) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and Hermanos Ayar avenue. Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum) Seen in Lima.

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Streak-necked Flycatcher (Mionectes striaticollis) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Flycatchers in this genus are unusual in being frugivorous rather than insectivorous. Hence, like many Cotingas and Manakins, they also have lek systems. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher (Mionectes oleagineus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Slaty-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon superciliaris) Fairly common. Mainly seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes ventralis) Seen at Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). RR Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes parkeri) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge. One of the several birds named for Theodore A Parker the III –pioneer US ornithologist tragically killed in plane crash in souther Ecuador in 1993.

Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet

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Black-capped Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias nigrocapillus) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Ornate Flycatcher (Myiotriccus ornatus) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge. Ringed Antpipit (Corythopis torquatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. An atypical ground dwelling Flycatcher. Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis ecaudatus) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant (Lophotriccus pileatus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. White-bellied Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus griseipectus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. E Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher (Poecilotriccus pulchellus) Seen at Chontachaca (Manu road). Spotted Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum maculatum) * At the Blanquillo Claylick. Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Golden-crowned Spadebill (Platyrinchus coronatus) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher (Terenotriccus erythrurus) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus) Common in the foothills. Bran-colored Flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) Common. Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, Hermanos Ayar avenue, along the Madre de Dios river and nearby Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. This is the southern subspecies latirostris. The change from the darker-winged nominate nigricans to the white-winged latirostris is a north-south cline, with larger amounts of white gradually appearing further south.

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Austral Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) Austral migrant. Seen mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. In a recent paper – Carmi el al 2016 it strongly suggests several taxonomic changes to the genus Pyrocephalus, including elevating three currently recognized subspecies to full species status: the austral migrant South American subspecies rubinus, and the two Galápagos subspecies dubius and nanus. As such, they propose a revised taxonom

Species Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert, 1783), Austral Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus obscurus Gould, 1839, Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus nanus Gould, 1838, Galápagos Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus dubius Gould, 1839, San Cristóbal Vermilion Flycatcher The San Cristobal Vermillion Flycatcher is extinct

Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus obscurus) Seen in Lima Drab Water Tyrant (Ochthornis littoralis) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Little Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola fluviatilis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river. Short-tailed Field Tyrant (Muscigralla brevicauda) Seen in Lima. Rufous-bellied Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road) and Rocotal area (Manu road). Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) suggested that the plumage and genetic differences between subspecies groups north and south of the Maranon should be recognized at the species level, with Ochthoeca thoracica the name for the southern species. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) reported that there are also vocal differences that would support this split. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) further recognized Venezuelan nigrita as a separate species from O. cinnamomeiventris, as done by Cory & Hellmayr (1927); see Zimmer (1937b) for the rationale for treating them all as conspecific based on plumage pattern, the treatment followed by Fitzpatrick (2004). Proposal needed. Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca fumicolor) Seen from Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus) Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river.

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Rufous-tailed Flatbill (Ramphotrigon ruficauda) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Dull-capped Attila (Attila bolivianus) * At the Blanquillo Claylick. Bright-rumped Attila (Attila spadiceus) * At Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. White-rumped Sirystes (Sirystes albocinereus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Grayish Mourner (Rhytipterna simplex) * At Manu Wildlife Center. Dusky-capped Flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Rocotal area (Manu road) and Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox) Seen at Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick, Manu Wildlife Center and along the Madre de Dios river. Lesser Kiskadee (Pitangus lictor) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen in oxbow lakes. Boat-billed Flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis) Common in the Amazon. Gray-capped Flycatcher (Myiozetetes granadensis) Seen from Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Patria (600-900m) (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge. Lemon-browed Flycatcher (Conopias cinchoneti) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge. VULNERABLE Golden-crowned Flycatcher (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue and Quita Calzones bridge. Streaked Flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus) Seen around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado.

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Lemon-browed Flycatcher

Crowned Slaty Flycatcher (Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. An Austral migrant and the bird with the longest scientific name in the world. Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) Common in the Amazon. Also seen in Lima.

COTINGAS Band-tailed Fruiteater (Pipreola intermedia) Seen at the Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Red-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristatus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Chestnut-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rufaxilla) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue, nearby Manú Cloud Forest Lodge (1500-1700m) (Manu road), Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road), Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). Varzea Schiffornis (Schiffornis major) * At Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake).

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Chestnut-crested Cotinga- Thomas Reber

Purple-throated Fruitcrow (Querula purpurata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Screaming Piha (Lipaugus vociferans) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Bare-necked Fruitcrow (Gymnoderus foetidus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

MANAKINS Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin (Tyranneutes stolzmanni) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. a tiny manakin of the Amazon basin. While its call, "jew-rit", is a common sound in tall forest, this bird is infamous for being extremely difficult to see. This is partly a result of its preference for higher strata in the forest than many manakin species. stolzmanni: In honor of Jan Sztolcman (1854-1928) Polish zoologist, collector in tropical America 1875-1883. Blue-backed Manakin (Chiroxiphia pareola) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. RR Yungas Manakin (Chiroxiphia boliviana) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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Blue-crowned Manakin (Lepidothrix coronata) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. E Cerulean-capped Manakin (Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Band-tailed Manakin (Pipra fasciicauda) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Fiery-capped Manakin (Machaeropterus pyrocephalus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

TITYRAS AND BECARDS Black-tailed Tityra (Tityra cayana) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge and Amazonia Lodge. Cinereous Mourner (Laniocera hypopyrra) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. White-winged Becard (Pachyramphus polychopterus) * At Amazonia Lodge and Blanquillo Claylick.

VIREOS Dusky-capped Greenlet (Pachysylvia hypoxantha) * At Amazonia Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river. Chivi Vireo (Vireo chivi) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado. Chivi Vireo is one of the most widespread and common passerines of South America. This species consists of a complex mosaic of resident and migratory populations, however. Not only is there seasonal overlap, in the austral winter, between some resident populations and wintering populations from southern South America, but during the boreal winter there also is overlap between the same resident Chivi Vireos and wintering Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) from North America! For many years Chivi and Red-eyed vireos were considered to be the same species; this is understandable, given that they are very similar in appearance, but phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data reveals that Chivi is more closely related to Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus) than it is to Red-eyed. The general biology of Chivi Vireo probably is very similar to that of Red-eyed Vireo but, despite its abundance, Chivi Vireo is much less well studied.

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JAYS RR White-collared Jay (Cyanolyca viridicyanus) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road) and Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).

White-collared Jay – Fabrice Schmitt

Purplish Jay (Cyanocorax cyanomelas) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and along the Madre de Dios river. Violaceous Jay (Cyanocorax violaceus) Common in the Amazon.

SWALLOWS Blue-and-white Swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca) Common. Brown-bellied Swallow (Orochelidon murina) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes, Paucartambo (town) and Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). White-thighed Swallow (Atticora tibialis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

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White-banded Swallow (Atticora fasciata) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. RR Chestnut-collared Swallow (Petrochelidon rufocollaris) Seen in Lima. Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Brown-chested Martin (Progne tapera) Uncommon. Seen along the Madre de Dios river. White-winged Swallow (Tachycineta albiventer) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river.

WRENS Scaly-breasted Wren (Microcerculus marginatus) * At the Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Quita Calzones bridge, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) Common. Many authors (e.g., Hellmayr 1934, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) formerly treated Neotropical mainland populations as a separate species T. musculus; see also Brumfield and Capparella (1996); this treatment was followed by Brewer (2001) and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). The Falklands population, T. a. cobbi, is treated as a species (Wood 1993), as was done by Brewer (2001), Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). Mountain Wren (Troglodytes solstitialis) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Thrush-like Wren (Campylorhynchus turdinus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. E Inca Wren (Pheugopedius eisenmanni) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. Pheugopedius: Gr. pheugo= to shun and pous, podos= foot. eisenmanni: In honor of Eugene Eisenmann (1906-1981) US/Panamanian ornithologist. Moustached Wren (Pheugopedius genibarbis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Buff-breasted Wren (Cantorchilus leucotis) Seen around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado.

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Inca Wren – Alex Durand

Gray-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucophrys) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Chestnut-breasted Wren (Cyphorhinus thoracicus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Musician Wren (Cyphorhinus arada) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

DIPPERS White-capped Dipper (Cinclus leucocephalus) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes and Hermanos Ayar avenue.

THRUSHES AND SOLITAIRES Andean Solitaire (Myadestes ralloides) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus fuscater) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road).

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Hauxwell's Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). hauxwelli: In honor of John Hauxwell (fl. 1868) English collector in Peru and Brazil. Creamy-bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus) Austral migrant. Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis) Common in the Amazon. Andean Slaty Thrush (Turdus nigriceps) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco) Common in the Andes. Note that a detailed study of the Chiguanco/Great Thrush complex is needed to determine exactly how many species-level taxa exist. The name comes from the Quechua “Chiwanco” White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

DONACOBIUS Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapilla) Fairly common. Seen on oxbow lakes.

MOCKINGBIRDS Long-tailed Mockingbird (Mimus longicaudatus) Seen in Lima TANAGERS AND ALLIES Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis) Common in the Amazon. Magpie Tanager (Cissopis leverianus) Seen at Chontachaca (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge, Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Hooded Tanager (Nemosia pileata) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Black-eared Hemispingus (Sphenopsis melanotis) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road). Rust-and-yellow Tanager (Thlypopsis ruficeps) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.

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Three-striped Hemispingus (Microspingus trifasciatus) Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Black-goggled Tanager (Trichothraupis melanops) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road) and Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road). White-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus luctuosus) Seen at Chontachaca (Manu road). White-winged Shrike-Tanager (Lanio versicolor) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake) and Manu Wildlife Center. Silver-beaked Tanager (Ramphocelus carbo) Common in the Amazon. Masked Crimson Tanager (Ramphocelus nigrogularis) Fairly common in the Amazon. Mainly seen at Amazonia Lodge. Hooded Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis montana) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road) and Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road). Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris) Fairly common in humid montane forest. Yellow-throated Tanager (Iridosornis analis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Golden-collared Tanager (Iridosornis jelskii) Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Orange-eared Tanager (Chlorochrysa calliparaea) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Blue-gray Tanager (Thraupis episcopus) Common in the Amazon. Seen also in Lima. Episcopus – a reference to the episcopal blue plumage of this species. Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum) Common in the Amazon. Blue-capped Tanager (Thraupis cyanocephala) Fairly common in humid montane forest.

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Spotted Tanager (Ixothraupis punctata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Blue-necked Tanager (Tangara cyanicollis) Fairly common in the foothills.

Blue-necked Tanager

Beryl-spangled Tanager (Tangara nigroviridis) Seen at Rocotal area (Manu road) and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Turquoise Tanager (Tangara mexicana) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick and Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Not found in Mexico! Paradise Tanager (Tangara chilensis) Common in the Amazon. Not found in Chile! Opal-rumped Tanager (Tangara velia) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Opal-crowned Tanager (Tangara callophrys) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Bay-headed Tanager (Tangara gyrola) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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Paradise Tanager – Fabrice Schmitt

Golden-eared Tanager (Tangara chrysotis) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Saffron-crowned Tanager (Tangara xanthocephala) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge, Buenos Aires area (Manu road) and Rocotal area (Manu road). – Here the subspecies has an orange not saffron crown.

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Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Tangara: Tupí name, Tangara= dancer, one who turns and skips, originally used for the manakins, but subsequently (Marcgrave 1648) transferred to other bright finch-like birds. schrankii: In honor of Prof. Franz von Paula Schrank (1747-1835) German theologian, botanist, entomologist, collector. Golden Tanager (Tangara arthus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lek (Manu road). Swallow Tanager (Tersina viridis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center and Blanquillo Claylick. Black-faced Dacnis (Dacnis lineata) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Yellow-bellied Dacnis (Dacnis flaviventer) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Purple Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes caeruleus) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Green Honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Golden-collared Honeycreeper (Iridophanes pulcherrimus) Seen at Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). Blue-backed Conebill (Conirostrum sitticolor) Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Capped Conebill (Conirostrum albifrons) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Cinereous Conebill (Conirostrum cinereum) Seen along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes. Moustached Flowerpiercer (Diglossa mystacalis) Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Bluish Flowerpiercer (Diglossa caerulescens) Seen at Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road).

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Masked Flowerpiercer (Diglossa cyanea) Common in humid montane forest. Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Seen also in Lima. Blue-black Grassquit (Volatinia jacarina) Seen at Patria (600-900m) (Manu road). Chestnut-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila castaneiventris) Seen at Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch (Sporophila angolensis) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick. Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens) Seen at Blanquillo Claylick, Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake) and Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis) Seen at Paucartambo (town). Plain-colored Seedeater (Catamenia inornata) Seen at Acjanaco pass to Wayquecha (Manu road). Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Not common in Manu. Dull-colored Grassquit (Tiaris obscurus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Buff-throated Saltator (Saltator maximus) Fairly common in the foothills and the Amazon. Common bird below 1300 meters – seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge, Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Klicka et al. (2007) found strong genetic support for a sister relationship between Saltator and core Thraupidae. Sushkin (1924) proposed that Saltator was thraupine, not emberizine/cardinaline. SACC proposal passed to transfer Saltator from Cardinalidae to Incertae Sedis. SACC proposal to transfer to Thraupidae did not pass. Barker et al. (2013) found that Saltator and Saltatricula were embedded in the Thraupidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Thraupidae. Chavez et al. (2013) found that relationships within the genus are not consistent with the current linear sequence of species. SACC proposal passed to revise linear sequence. Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens) Seen at Cocha Camungo, Cocha Blanco (oxbow lakes) and around La Cachuela (fish farm) in Puerto Maldonado.

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NEW WORLD SPARROWS AND ALLIES Yellow-throated Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus flavigularis) Fairly common in humid montane forest. Common in mixed-species flocks. Common Chlorospingus (Chlorospingus flavopectus) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road). Yellow-browed Sparrow (Ammodramus aurifrons) Common in the Amazon. Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis) A very common bird of the Andes throughout Peru and South America. RR Black-faced Brushfinch (Atlapetes melanolaemus) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road), Rocotal area (Manu road) and Mirador (1700-1800m) (Manu road). The Atlapetes genus has been completely revamped based on bio-chemical data and work done at Copenhagen Field Museum. Formerly considered part of Rufous-napped Brush-Finch complex A. rufinucha. Atlapetes melanolaemus was formerly (Hellmayr 1938, Paynter 1970a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990) considered a subspecies of A. rufinucha, but see García-Moreno & Fjeldså (1999).

Black-faced Brush-Finch – Thomas Reber

CARDINALS AND ALLIES Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge.

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Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica) * Heard at Amazonia Lodge and nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Carmiol's Tanager (Chlorothraupis carmioli) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Chlorothraupis: Gr. Khloros= green and thraupis= unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch. carmioli: Franz Carmiol (born Franz Grasneck) (fl. 1868) German immigrant, son of Julian Carmiol, resident and collector in Costa Rica. Black-backed Grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris) Seen at the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

NEW WORLD WARBLERS Tropical Parula (Setophaga pitiayumi) Seen at Belmond Sanctuary Lodge and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Citrine Warbler (Myiothlypis luteoviridis) Seen at Pillahuata Tunnels (2200-2500m) (Manu road), Buenos Aires area (Manu road) and Rocotal area (Manu road). Buff-rumped Warbler (Myiothlypis fulvicauda) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Two-banded Warbler (Myiothlypis bivittata) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Quita Calzones bridge and Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. E Cuzco Warbler (Myiothlypis chrysogaster) Seen at Quita Calzones bridge. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) treated the northern subspecies chlorophrys as a separate species – Choco Warbler - from Myiothlypis chrysogaster based on differences in descriptions of songs; see Zimmer (1949) for rationale for considering them sister taxa. This Golden–bellied Warbler becomes a Peruvian endemic. Slate-throated Redstart (Myioborus miniatus) Common in humid montane forest. Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus) Common in humid montane forest.

BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, AND OROPENDOLAS Russet-backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons) Common in the Amazon. Dusky-green Oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Quita Calzones bridge and along the Madre de Dios river. Olive Oropendola (Psarocolius bifasciatus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river and Manu Wildlife Center. Solitary Black Cacique (Cacicus solitarius) Seen at Amazonia Lodge and Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela) Common in the Amazon. Casqued Cacique (Cacicus oseryi) Seen at Amazonia Lodge. Orange-backed Troupial (Icterus croconotus) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Giant Cowbird (Molothrus oryzivorus) Common in the Amazon. Mainly seen along the Madre de Dios river. – A brood parasite. Scrub Blackbird (Dives warczewiczi) Seen in Lima. RR Pale-eyed Blackbird (Agelasticus xanthophthalmus) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake).

FINCHES, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES Blue-naped Chlorophonia (Chlorophonia cyanea) Seen nearby Cocha Camungo (oxbow lake). Purple-throated Euphonia (Euphonia chlorotica) Seen at Pastora road in Puerto Maldonado. Thick-billed Euphonia (Euphonia laniirostris) Seen along Hermanos Ayar avenue. Bronze-green Euphonia (Euphonia mesochrysa) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. - Common in mixed flocks. Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster) Seen at Thousand-meter Bridge to Chontachaca (900-1100m) (Manu road), Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, Tanager Corner to Thousand-meter Bridge (1100-1300m) (Manu road), Chontachaca (Manu road) and Amazonia Lodge.

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Hooded Siskin (Spinus magellanicus) Seen in Urubamba city, and along the railway from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes. Olivaceous Siskin (Spinus olivaceus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

OLD WORLD SPARROWS House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Introduced species. Seen in Lima.

MAMMALS OPOSSUMS Common Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

MONKEYS Black-headed Night Monkey (Aoutus nigriceps) Seen at Amazonia Lodge.

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E Urubamba Brown Titi Monkey (Callicebus urubambensis) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Black-capped Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri boliviensis) Seen nearby Blanquillo Claylick. Large-headed Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus macrocephalus) Common. Mainly seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge. Shock-headed Capuchin (Cebus cuscinus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Colombian Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus) Seen at Cocha Blanco (oxbow lake). Gray Wooly Monkey (Lagothryx cana) Seen at Buenos Aires area (Manu road).

RACCOON FAMILY Tayra (Eira barbara): Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

LLAMA FAMILY Llama (Lama glama) Common in the Andes.

TAPIRS

Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

SQUIRRELS

Southern Amazon Red Squirrel (Sciurus spadiceus) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Bolivian Squirrel (Sciurus ignitus) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

LARGE RODENTS

Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Brown Agouti (Dasyprocta variegata) Seen at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

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Amazon Bamboo Rat (Dactylomys dactylinus) * Heard at Manu Wildlife Center.

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS

White Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Side-necked Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) Seen along the Madre de Dios river. Amazon Racerunner (Ameiva ameiva) Seen at Manu Wildlife Center.

With Gary Prescott the Biking Birder

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In the Rainforest

The Canopy Tower