Manipulating and Cloning DNA

Being Healthy

• Type 1 diabetes• Type 2 diabetes• How can you help these individuals?

Insulin

• Banting and Best– Pigs and cows

• Helen Free • Allergic reaction to insulin from pigs and cows• Genetic engineering– Inserted into bacteria – Produced insulin from humans

Why Bacteria?• Reproduce quickly• Plasmids • Form recombinant DNA– Restriction enzymes– Sticky ends vs. blunt ends– Restriction fragments

Sticky or Blunt ends?

How Do You Know Where to Cut?

• Restriction enzymes recognize recognition sites– Sticky ends & blunt ends

• Restriction map

We Are Family

• Vector + foreign material = recombinant DNA– Plasmids

• Competent/host cell takes up recombinant DNA– Bacteria

• Restriction enzymes cut• DNA ligase reforms backbone

Recombinant DNA

Hybridization

Homework

• Page 375 # 2, 3, 5, 8