Mangrove Ecosystem of Sri Lanka
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Mangrove Ecosystem of Sri
LankaBy Pathum Weerawarna
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Mangroves of Sri Lanka
Mangrove habitat is…….. -marshland -found in coastal area -with unique characters -differing from the freshwater swamps
and peat bogs in structure and function.
Introduction
•Dominated by highly adapted woody halophytes.•Inter tidal and supra tidal zone of muddy shores.•Designated as an energy subsidized ecosystem.
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Distribution•Restricted to estuaries along the cost of Sri Lanka•Mangrove extent of SL is between 6000-7000 ha
Largest mangrove patch:Puttalam Lagoon- Dutch
Bay- Portugal Bay complex.(3385 ha)2nd Largest patch:
Patch in Batticaloa.(1520 ha)3rd Largest patch:
Patch in Trincomallee.(1020 ha)
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Characteristic Features•Consist with lots of unique characters.
Temperature
-Always fluctuated
Humidity-High inside the Island-Low around the island
Soil-Poor in Oxygen-Loose sediment-Generally acidic-Particle size increases from shore-land-Ca2+,Mg2+> K+
Water-Fresh+Marine-High salinity-Flow rate & direction always change
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Animals
Arthropoda Mollusca Chordata
Crustasea
Gastropoda
Bivalvia
Scylla serrata
(Kadol kakuluwa)
Thalasssina anomala
(Mud lobster)
Geloina coaxans
(Matti)
Cerithidea cingulata
(Uri)
Actinopterygi
Mud skipper
Aves
Red wttled lap-winged White brested water hen
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Adaptations
Adaptations of Animals
Oysters attached to mangrove roots
Burrowing habit eg-Mud skipper
Mud skipper :Fins: to skip on land and water.Eyes: to see on land and water.Skin: additional respiratory surface
Terrestrial crabs:Adapted to live on land for a long time
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Plants
Avicennia spp
Bruguiera spp
Rhizophora spp
Acanthus spp
Some Dominant plants
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Adaptations of Plants
Adaptations
Physical stability-Prop roots-Stilt roots
Salt tolerance -Salt Glands
Anaerobic SedimentPneumatophores -Pencil like -knee roots -Stumpy
Pencil like
Reproduction-Viviparity
Hypocotyle (Bruguiera)
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Ecological Significant
•Protect the shores of estuaries and lagoons against erosion.•Reduce siltation of lagoons.•Protect near by ecosystems such as coral reefs and sea grass beds.•Absorb pollutants.•Serve as the feeding grounds and the habitat for juveniles of marine fish.•Nursery grounds for prawns.
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Human Impact on Mangroves
People get lots of benefits from aquatic and terrestrial components of Mangrove ecosystem.
Mangroves
Foods and beverages
Firewood and timber
Mats and Baskets
Tannin
Lime
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Animal feed
Medicine
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Although mangroves are very useful to man they are fast disappearing. Major threats:
-Destructive activities of fishermen.
-Some large scale development projects-Aquaculture and building
construction projects
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References
http://www.ramsar.org/wn/w.n.srilanka_maduganga.htm(2008.05.22)
http://servesrilanka.blogspot.com/2005/04/mangrove-conservation.html(2008.05.22)
Pinto,Leonard,Mangroves of SriLanka,(1995)
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THE END