Mangement of Affected Area

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Management of DisasterManagement of Disaster

AreaAreaG Charles DanieG Charles Danie

American Heart AssociationAmerican Heart AssociationBasic Life Support (BLS)Basic Life Support (BLS)

&&Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

InstructorInstructor


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IntroductionIntroduction

Prevention of DisasterPrevention of Disaster Management of affected areaManagement of affected area Management of VictimsManagement of Victims


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Why is Disaster ManagementWhy is Disaster ManagementImportant to Us?Important to Us?


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Am I safein my

school?


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PrinciplesPrinciples

MitigationMitigation PreparednessPreparedness ResponseResponse

RecoveryRecovery


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Reactive vs ProactiveReactive vs Proactive

Acting in advanceActing in advanceVsVs

Tending to be responsiveTending to be responsive


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Actions taken immediately before,Actions taken immediately before,during, and after a disaster occurs toduring, and after a disaster occurs tosave lives, minimize damage tosave lives, minimize damage toproperty, and enhance theproperty, and enhance the

effectiveness of recovery.effectiveness of recovery.


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES RECOGNIZE HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL HAZARDSRECOGNIZE HAZARDS AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS DESCRIBE COMMON HAZARDS AT THE SCENEDESCRIBE COMMON HAZARDS AT THE SCENE

DETERMINE SCENE SAFETYDETERMINE SCENE SAFETY MECHANISMS OF INJURY/NATURE OF ILLNESSMECHANISMS OF INJURY/NATURE OF ILLNESS IDENTIFY NUMBER OF PATIENTSIDENTIFY NUMBER OF PATIENTS RATIONAL FOR EVALUATING SCENE SAFETYRATIONAL FOR EVALUATING SCENE SAFETY SERVE AS A MODEL FOR OTHERSSERVE AS A MODEL FOR OTHERS


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DEFINITIONDEFINITION

AN ASSESSMENT OF THEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE

SCENE AND SURROUNDINGS TOSCENE AND SURROUNDINGS TOASSURE THE SAFETY OF THEASSURE THE SAFETY OF THE

EMT AND TO PROVIDEEMT AND TO PROVIDE

POTENTIALLY USEFULPOTENTIALLY USEFULINFORMATION ABOUT THEINFORMATION ABOUT THEPATIENT.PATIENT.


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SCENE SAFETYSCENE SAFETY

PERSONAL PROTECTION - IS IT SAFE TO APPROACH THE PATIENT?PERSONAL PROTECTION - IS IT SAFE TO APPROACH THE PATIENT?

LOOK AND LISTEN FOR OTHER EMERGENCY VEHICLESLOOK AND LISTEN FOR OTHER EMERGENCY VEHICLES

LOOK FOR DOWNED POWER LINESLOOK FOR DOWNED POWER LINES

OBSERVE TRAFFIC FLOWOBSERVE TRAFFIC FLOW

WATCH FOR FIRE OR SMOKEWATCH FOR FIRE OR SMOKE

LOOK FOR CLUES TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALSLOOK FOR CLUES TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

SNIFF FOR ODORSSNIFF FOR ODORS


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SCENE SAFETY CONTD.SCENE SAFETY CONTD. PATIENT SAFETY -PATIENT SAFETY - CAN I WORKCAN I WORK

ON MY PATIENT HERE OR MUST ION MY PATIENT HERE OR MUST I

MOVE HIM TO A PLACE OF SAFETYMOVE HIM TO A PLACE OF SAFETY BYSTANDER SAFETYBYSTANDER SAFETY

WATCH FOR PEDESTRIANS ONWATCH FOR PEDESTRIANS ONTHE ROADTHE ROAD

CURIOUS ONLOOKERS POSE MANYCURIOUS ONLOOKERS POSE MANYDANGERSDANGERS


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SCENE SAFETY CONTD.SCENE SAFETY CONTD.

ESTABLISH A DANGER ZONEESTABLISH A DANGER ZONEx

NO APPARENT HAZARDS - 50 FT IN ALLNO APPARENT HAZARDS - 50 FT IN ALLDIRECTIONSDIRECTIONSx SPILLED FUEL - 100 FT IN ALL DIRECTIONSSPILLED FUEL - 100 FT IN ALL DIRECTIONSx VEHICLE FIRE - 100 FT IN ALL DIRECTIONSVEHICLE FIRE - 100 FT IN ALL DIRECTIONSx DOWNED WIRES - PARK ONE FULL SPAN OFDOWNED WIRES - PARK ONE FULL SPAN OF

POLES AWAYPOLES AWAYx SPILLSPILL


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RESOURCES NEEDEDRESOURCES NEEDED

DO YOU HAVE THE RESOURCESDO YOU HAVE THE RESOURCES

TO HANDLE THE SITUATIONTO HANDLE THE SITUATION NUMBER OF PATIENTSNUMBER OF PATIENTS FIRE DEPARTMENT?FIRE DEPARTMENT?

RESCUE SQUAD?RESCUE SQUAD? MORE AMBULANCES?MORE AMBULANCES?


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Some Possible MCIsSome Possible MCIs

Airplane CrashAirplane Crash

Bus CrashBus Crash Truck CrashTruck Crash Auto CrashAuto Crash Train CrashTrain Crash

Boating AccidentBoating Accident Structure CollapseStructure Collapse Spill IncidentSpill Incident


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Some Possible MCIsSome Possible MCIs

ExplosionExplosion

Bridge CollapseBridge Collapse Structure FireStructure Fire

Industrial AccidentIndustrial Accident

Severe WeatherSevere Weather

Civil UnrestCivil Unrest

Nuclear DisasterNuclear Disaster

Workplace/SchoolWorkplace/SchoolShootingShooting


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NOTE:NOTE:

If QUANTITY of personnel andIf QUANTITY of personnel and

resources needed are not availableresources needed are not availablein an allowable time frame, thenin an allowable time frame, thenQUALITY of personnel andQUALITY of personnel and

resources becomes moreresources becomes moreimportant.important. Proper use of resources makes theProper use of resources makes theincident, not the amount of themincident, not the amount of them


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Open or ClosedOpen or ClosedIncidentsIncidents

Open IncidentsOpen Incidents Incident is Incident is

spread over aspread over alarge, openlarge, openareaarea Difficult toDifficult to

track and caretrack and carefor all patientsfor all patients

More personnelMore personnelneeded forneeded for

triagetriage


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Open vs. ClosedOpen vs. ClosedIncidentsIncidents

Closed Incidents Closed Incidents Patients confined toPatients confined tosmall, usually undesirablesmall, usually undesirableplace (bus, collapsedplace (bus, collapsedbuilding, etc.)building, etc.) May have to triage/treatMay have to triage/treat

in dangerous locationin dangerous location Patients may be evacuatedPatients may be evacuated

from hazard area based onfrom hazard area based onaccessibility, not acuityaccessibility, not acuity


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Contained vs ContinuingContained vs Continuing Contained Cause of incident hasContained Cause of incident has

stoppedstopped

Example: After bus crash, moreExample: After bus crash, moreinjuries are not likely to occurinjuries are not likely to occur


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Contained vs. ContinuingContained vs. Continuing

Continuing Cause of injuryContinuing Cause of injurycontinuescontinues Example: Toxic fumes in officeExample: Toxic fumes in officebuilding will continue to affect morebuilding will continue to affect more

and more peopleand more people


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PerimetersPerimeters

Hot Zone Immediate scene where triageHot Zone Immediate scene where triage

and rescue is performedand rescue is performed Warm Zone Area where Hot Zone check-Warm Zone Area where Hot Zone check-

in/check-out, decontamination, andin/check-out, decontamination, andimmediately life-threatening medicalimmediately life-threatening medicaltreatment needs are donetreatment needs are done

Cold Zone Outside of danger area;Cold Zone Outside of danger area;location where general treatment areas arelocation where general treatment areas arelocated, along with support personnel andlocated, along with support personnel andagenciesagencies


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Triage UnitTriage Unit

Triage Means, To SortTriage Means, To Sort A process for sorting injured people into groupsA process for sorting injured people into groups

based on their need for immediate medical treatmentbased on their need for immediate medical treatmentand transportand transport

Triage is a dynamic processTriage is a dynamic process Clear and assemble the walking wounded usingClear and assemble the walking wounded using

verbal instructionsverbal instructions

Primary triage assesses respiration,Primary triage assesses respiration,

Secondary triage is a more in-depth assessmentSecondary triage is a more in-depth assessmentusually conducted in the Treatment Unitusually conducted in the Treatment Unit


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Triage UnitTriage Unit

Determine location of triage areasDetermine location of triage areas Conduct Primary triage, ensure allConduct Primary triage, ensure all

patients are assessed and sortedpatients are assessed and sortedusing appropriate triage protocolusing appropriate triage protocol

Communicate resourceCommunicate resourcerequirementsrequirements


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TriageTriage

Each patient should be triaged aEach patient should be triaged a

minimum of 6 timesminimum of 6 times InitialInitial Retriage when entering treatmentRetriage when entering treatment

areaarea Retriage on arrival at color sectionRetriage on arrival at color section Retriage every 5 to 10 minutesRetriage every 5 to 10 minutesbased on stability (4, 5, & 6etc.)based on stability (4, 5, & 6etc.)

T


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TriageTriageCategoriesCategories

Immediate:Immediate:Life-threatening but treatable injuriesLife-threatening but treatable injuriesrequiring rapid medical attentionrequiring rapid medical attention

Delayed:Delayed:Potentially serious injuries, but are stablePotentially serious injuries, but are stableenough to wait a short while for medicalenough to wait a short while for medicaltreatmenttreatment

Red

Yellow


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TriageTriageCategoriesCategories

Minimum:Minimum:Minor injuries that can wait for longerMinor injuries that can wait for longerperiod of time prior to treatmentperiod of time prior to treatment

Expectant:Expectant:Death or lack of spontaneous respirationsDeath or lack of spontaneous respirationsafter airway is openedafter airway is opened

Green

Black


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Find the red and getFind the red and getit outit out

When performing the triage function,When performing the triage function,regardless of incident size, dont getregardless of incident size, dont get

distracted, move quickly and focus yourdistracted, move quickly and focus yourattention onattention on IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE patients.patients.

Those are the real lives youll save.Those are the real lives youll save.The goal is to stay focused on red.The goal is to stay focused on red.


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What do you LOOK?What do you LOOK?

CHEST RAISECHEST RAISE

What do you LISTEN for?What do you LISTEN for?

BREATH SOUNDSBREATH SOUNDS

What do you FEEL?What do you FEEL?

EXPIRED AIR HITTING YOUR CHEEKEXPIRED AIR HITTING YOUR CHEEK

Breathing


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Not breathingNot breathing

Breathing but unconsciousBreathing but unconsciousBleeding heavily , Head injuryBleeding heavily , Head injury

Breathing , Conscious, MinorBreathing , Conscious, Minorinjuries,injuries,

Fractures , Can TalkFractures , Can Talk

Breathing , conscious, very minimalBreathing , conscious, very minimalInjuries, can walkInjuries, can walk

Black

Red

Yellow

Green


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What Zone?What Zone?

Yellow Zone


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Green Zone


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Red Zone


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Black Zone


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Reaching out to advancedReaching out to advanced

medical caremedical care


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Dont think of anything elseDont think of anything else


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Start First AidStart First Aidimmediatelyimmediately


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Especially for Red zoneEspecially for Red zone


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Mangement of Affected Area

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