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System Administration Guide: Security Services Oracle Solaris 10 8/11

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Preface

Part I Security Overview

1. Security Services (Overview)

Part II System, File, and Device Security

2. Managing Machine Security (Overview)

3. Controlling Access to Systems (Tasks)

Controlling System Access (Task Map)

Securing Logins and Passwords (Task Map)

Securing Logins and Passwords

How to Display a User's Login Status

How to Display Users Without Passwords

How to Temporarily Disable User Logins

How to Monitor Failed Login Attempts

How to Monitor All Failed Login Attempts

How to Create a Dial-Up Password

How to Temporarily Disable Dial-Up Logins

Changing the Password Algorithm (Task Map)

Changing the Default Algorithm for Password Encryption

of 5Monitoring and Restricting Superuser - System Administration Guide: Security Services

5/1/2014http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23823_01/html/816-4557/secsystask-44.html

How to Specify an Algorithm for Password Encryption

How to Specify a New Password Algorithm for an NIS Domain

How to Specify a New Password Algorithm for an NIS+ Domain

How to Specify a New Password Algorithm for an LDAP Domain

How to Install a Password Encryption Module From a Third Party

Monitoring and Restricting Superuser (Task Map)

Monitoring and Restricting Superuser

How to Monitor Who Is Using the su Command

How to Restrict and Monitor Superuser Logins

SPARC: Controlling Access to System Hardware (Task Map)

Controlling Access to System Hardware

How to Require a Password for Hardware Access

How to Disable a System's Abort Sequence

4. Controlling Access to Devices (Tasks)

5. Using the Basic Audit Reporting Tool (Tasks)

6. Controlling Access to Files (Tasks)

7. Using the Automated Security Enhancement Tool (Tasks)

Part III Roles, Rights Profiles, and Privileges

8. Using Roles and Privileges (Overview)

9. Using Role-Based Access Control (Tasks)

10. Role-Based Access Control (Reference)

11. Privileges (Tasks)

12. Privileges (Reference)

Part IV Cryptographic Services

13. Oracle Solaris Cryptographic Framework (Overview)

14. Oracle Solaris Cryptographic Framework (Tasks)



15. Oracle Solaris Key Management Framework

Part V Authentication Services and Secure Communication

16. Using Authentication Services (Tasks)

17. Using PAM

18. Using SASL

19. Using Oracle Solaris Secure Shell (Tasks)

20. Oracle Solaris Secure Shell (Reference)

Part VI Kerberos Service

21. Introduction to the Kerberos Service

22. Planning for the Kerberos Service

23. Configuring the Kerberos Service (Tasks)

24. Kerberos Error Messages and Troubleshooting

25. Administering Kerberos Principals and Policies (Tasks)

26. Using Kerberos Applications (Tasks)

27. The Kerberos Service (Reference)

Part VII Oracle Solaris Auditing

28. Oracle Solaris Auditing (Overview)

29. Planning for Oracle Solaris Auditing

30. Managing Oracle Solaris Auditing (Tasks)

31. Oracle Solaris Auditing (Reference)

Glossary

Index

Monitoring and Restricting Superuser

An alternative to using the superuser account is to set up role-based access control. Role-based access

control is called RBAC. For overview information on RBAC, see Role-Based Access Control

(Overview). To set up RBAC, see Chapter 9, Using Role-Based Access Control (Tasks).

How to Monitor Who Is Using the su Command



The sulog file lists every use of the su command, not only the su attempts that are used to switch

from user to superuser.

• Monitor the contents of the /var/adm/sulog file on a regular basis.

# more /var/adm/sulogSU 12/20 16:26 + pts/0 stacey-root

SU 12/21 10:59 + pts/0 stacey-root

SU 01/12 11:11 + pts/0 root-rimmer

SU 01/12 14:56 + pts/0 pmorph-root

SU 01/12 14:57 + pts/0 pmorph-root

The entries display the following information:

◦ The date and time that the command was entered.

◦ If the attempt was successful. A plus sign (+) indicates a successful attempt. A minus sign

(-) indicates an unsuccessful attempt.

◦ The port from which the command was issued.

◦ The name of the user and the name of the switched identity.

The su logging in this file is enabled by default through the following entry in

the /etc/default/su file:

SULOG=/var/adm/sulog

Troubleshooting

Entries that include ??? indicate that the controlling terminal for the su command cannot be

identified. Typically, system invocations of the su command before the desktop appears include ???,

as in SU 10/10 08:08 + ??? root-root. After the user starts a desktop session, the ttynam

command returns the value of the controlling terminal to the sulog: SU 10/10 10:10 + pts/3

jdoe-root.

Entries similar to the following can indicate that the su command was not invoked on the command

line: SU 10/10 10:20 + ??? root-oracle. The user might have switched to the oracle role by

using a GUI.

How to Restrict and Monitor Superuser Logins

This method immediately detects superuser attempts to access the local system.

1. View the CONSOLE entry in the /etc/default/login file.

CONSOLE=/dev/console

By default, the console device is set to /dev/console. With this setting, root can log in to the

console. root cannot log in remotely.

2. Verify that root cannot log in remotely.



From a remote system, try to log in as superuser.

mach2 % rlogin -l root mach1

Password: <Type root password of mach1>

Not on system console

Connection closed.

3. Monitor attempts to become superuser.

By default, attempts to become superuser are printed to the console by the SYSLOG utility.

a. Open a terminal console on your desktop.

b. In another window, use the su command to become superuser.

% su -

Password: <Type root password>

#

A message is printed on the terminal console.

Sep 7 13:22:57 mach1 su: 'su root' succeeded for jdoe on /dev/pts/6

Example 3-7 Logging Superuser Access Attempts

In this example, superuser attempts are not being logged by SYSLOG. Therefore, the administrator is

logging those attempts by removing the comment from the #CONSOLE=/dev/console entry in

the /etc/default/su file.

# CONSOLE determines whether attempts to su to root should be logged

# to the named device

#

CONSOLE=/dev/console

When a user attempts to become superuser, the attempt is printed on the terminal console.

SU 09/07 16:38 + pts/8 jdoe-root

Troubleshooting

To become superuser from a remote system when the /etc/default/login file contains the default

CONSOLE entry, users must first log in with their user name. After logging in with their user name,

users then can use the su command to become superuser.

If the console displays an entry similar to Mar 16 16:20:36 mach1 login: ROOT

LOGIN /dev/pts/14 FROM mach2.Example.COM, then the system is permitting remote root logins.

To prevent remote superuser access, change the #CONSOLE=/dev/console entry to

CONSOLE=/dev/console in the /etc/default/login file.

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