Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola...

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Managing Managing sclerotinia sclerotinia stem rot in canola stem rot in canola Canola Canola Research Summit Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 Winnipeg, MB April 12 - - 13, 2011 13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher, F. Dokken-Bouchard, T.K. Turkington, W.G.D. Fernando, P. Bullock, D.L. McLaren, S. Boyetchko, L. Buchwaldt, D. Hegedus and I. Parkin

Transcript of Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola...

Page 1: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Managing Managing sclerotiniasclerotinia stem rot in canolastem rot in canolaCanolaCanola Research SummitResearch SummitWinnipeg, MB April 12Winnipeg, MB April 12 --13, 201113, 2011

H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard, T.K. Turkington, W.G.D. Fernando, P. Bullock, D.L. McLaren, S. Boyetchko, L. Buchwaldt, D. Hegedus and I. Parkin

Page 2: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

SclerotiniaSclerotinia stem rot strategiesstem rot strategies• Foliar fungicides are

a very important strategy for sclerotiniastem rot control

• Decision support systems– often including climatic components

• Rotation• Fertility/ Lodging• Field scouting &

record keeping • Tolerance/ resistance

Page 3: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

SclerotiniaSclerotiniastem stem rot of rot of

canolacanola

Page 4: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

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Sclerotinia incidence (%) Yield (bu/ac)

UnsprayedRonilanBenlate

31% 33%

Melfort, 1998Melfort, 1998

Page 5: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

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Sclerotinia incidence (%) Yield (bu/ac)

UnsprayedRonilanBenlate

Melfort, 1999Melfort, 1999

Page 6: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Seeding date study, Melfort ~1999

Page 7: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Seeding date study, Melfort ~1999

Seeding rateSeeding rate

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2120

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2.8 5.1 7.3 9.5

Seeding Rate (Kg/ha)

% s

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in

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nce

A98013

LSD = NS

Page 8: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Effect of rotation on Effect of rotation on sclerotiniasclerotinia incidence incidence

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Years

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Years since previous canola cropYears since previous sclerotinia-susceptible crop

From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A.From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A. Morrall et al.Morrall et al.

Page 9: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Effect of rotation on Effect of rotation on sclerotiniasclerotinia incidence incidence

From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A.From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A. Morrall et al.Morrall et al.

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ease

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Frequency of canola in rotation (yrs)

sclerotinia

blackleg

Page 10: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

McLaren

TurkingtonKutcher

Page 11: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on sclerotiniasclerotiniaincidence in western Canadaincidence in western Canada

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0-20 21-40 41-60 61-80 81-100 >100

Nitrogen (lbs/acre)

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Argentine Polish

From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A.From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A. Morrall et al.Morrall et al.

Page 12: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A.From Report on 1997 Western Canada Canola Disease S urvey, R.A.A. Morrall et al.Morrall et al.

Fertility rate and %Fertility rate and %sclerotiniasclerotinia stem rot stem rot

incidenceincidence

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Sig. linear increase

Page 13: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

ScoutingScouting• Pathogen identification:

what is out there and how will it be influenced by crop management, crop development and weather?

Pre-spray scouting (to determine benefit of fungicide)

• Past experience: what diseases occur regularly and particularly last year

Swathing time scouting (to collect information for future decisions)

Page 14: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,
Page 15: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Bloom staging guidesBloom staging guides

Page 16: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Group 2 – risk of developing resistance: medium to high Rovral Flo iprodione

Group 3 – risk of developing resistance: medium Proline 480 SC prothioconazole

Group 7 – risk of developing resistance: medium Lance boscalid

Group 11 – risk of developing resistance: high Quadris azoxystrobin

Groups 9 &12 – risk of developing resistance: medium & low - medium Astound Cyprodinil & fludioxonil

Unclassified – bio-fungicide Contans WG Coniothyrium minitans Serenade Max/ASO Bacillus subtilis

Fungicides available for Fungicides available for sclerotiniasclerotiniastem rot control in canolastem rot control in canola

Page 17: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,
Page 18: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Improved assessment of canola petal infestationImproved assessment of canola petal infestation

• Graduate student (M.Sc. – U of A)Drs. T.K. Turkington, S. Strelkov, H.R. Kutcher, B.D. Gossen, D.L. McLaren, F. Dokken-Bouchard, K. Rashid and V. Bisht

• Successful deployment of qPCR in private seed testing labs for commercial use

• Determine the relationship between the quantity of S. sclerotiorum DNA, agar plate petal infestation assessments, and stem rot incidence/severity

• Develop a qPCR detection method for S. sclerotiorum present on infested petals/flowers

• Correlate qPCR detection, agar plate assessementsand weather-based forecasts with final disease incidence/severity

Page 19: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,
Page 20: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

• Develop a means of predicting sclerotinia stem rot based on weather conditions, allowing more accurate fungicide application timing

• Compare disease incidence under standard weather conditions vs. conditions of continual moisture supply (misting)

• Use standard weather conditions to accurately model sclerotinia incidence/ severity among varying crop densities through the use of a microclimate model

• MSc student, Ms Reanne PernerowskiDrs. Paul Bullock and Dilantha Fernando

Weather Based Assessment of Weather Based Assessment of SclerotiniaSclerotinia Stem Rot Risk in CanolaStem Rot Risk in Canola

• Monitor the dispersal of spores within a canola field containing various crop densities and from a neighboring wheat field

Page 21: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

S. Boyetchko – AAFC, Saskatoon

•• 10 bacterial strains suppress:10 bacterial strains suppress:–– MycelialMycelial growth, growth, ascosporeascospore

germination/viability & germination/viability & sclerotialsclerotial formationformation

•• Broad spectrum activity Broad spectrum activity –– ((RhizoctoniaRhizoctonia solanisolani, , PhomaPhoma

lingam, lingam, AlternariaAlternaria brassicaebrassicae, , PhytophthoraPhytophthora infestansinfestans))

Incorporation of bacterial metabolites into agar

Bacterial antagonists against Bacterial antagonists against SclerotiniaSclerotinia sclerotiorumsclerotiorum on canolaon canola

Page 22: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA-23

PA-23

Phenazine

(one of the Antibiotics defused in to medium)

Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia

Dr. FernandoDr. Fernando ’’s Biological Control Programs Biological Control Program• Identification of key genes in biocontrol (mainly genes controlling

antibiotic production) from Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23 against Sclerotinia.

• Novel regulatory gene identified in biocontrol from strain PA23 (patented). • In-vivo gene expression of bacterial biocontrol genes under different

environmental conditions to enhance biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23.

Page 23: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Research to utilize sclerotinia resistance in newly identified B. napus germplasm for cultivar improvement

Lone Buchwaldt, Dwayne Hegedus and Isobel ParkinAAFC, Saskatoon Research Centre

A break through in sclerotinia resistance screening has enabled identification of new resistant germplasm, developm ent of molecular markers and identification of B. napus defense genes

1. Screening resembles natural infection of stems

2. Agar plugs with mycelium are attached to the stem with Parafilm

4. Example of a resistant and a susceptible line

3. Lesion growth is measured over three weeks

Page 24: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

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New B. napus lines were identified with high level of sclerotini a resistance.Figure 1 shows lines sorted from resistant to susce ptible in six geographical regions.

PAK54PAK93

PAK54 and PAK93 from Pakistan are currently being u tilized for marker development (SaskCanola - DIAP)

Zhongyou 821

Zhongyou 821 from China was the first resistant B. napus we used for development of molecular markers linked to resistance (in collabor ation with four canola breeding companies).

Additional funding is needed to exploit resistance sources from Japan and South Korea.

Figure 1.

Page 25: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

Molecular markers (A1a - C9b) linked to nine QTLs for sclerotinia resistance were identified (Fig.2). Three QTLs contributed 30 - 40% to resistance and are suitable for marker-assisted-selection in canola breeding.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A1 0

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9

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BN23990

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BN11472

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regions with complete or partial homology

A unique opportunity exists to make progress in the breeding of canola cultivars with sclerotinia resis tance. Additional funding will be used for development of molecular markers linked to resistance in lines fro m Japan and South Korea, and for identification of specific def ense genes as we are currently doing in Zhongyou 821.

Fig. 3. Defense genes up-regulated in Zhongyou 821

Defense genes up-regulated in during sclerotinia inf ection have been identified (Fig. 3). Lectinand O-methyl transferase were tentatively mapped to resistance QTLs (Fig. 2). Development of gene specific markers for O-methyl transferase and o ther genes is in progress. Selected defense genes have been cloned and B. napus transformation is in progress.

Lectins

O-methyl transferase

Lectin

Lectin

Lectin

O-mt trans

O-mt trans

Fig. 2

Results obtained with Zhongyou 821

C9a

C9b

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regions with complete or partial homology

Page 26: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,

SummarySummary

• Sclerotinia stem rot of canola is extremely variable in occurrence and severity from year-to-year, region-to-region and field-to-field.

• Foliar fungicides remain the main control strategy. Tools that provide guidance to growers for fungicide application exist, and research to refine these tools continues.

• Resistant/ tolerant varieties are available and efforts continue to improve varietalresistance, in both the public and private sectors.

Page 27: Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola - Canola Council · Managing sclerotinia stem rot in canola Canola Research Summit Winnipeg, MB April 12 -13, 2011 H.R. Kutcher , F. Dokken-Bouchard,