Managing financial risk with derivatives and its applications.
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Transcript of Managing financial risk with derivatives and its applications.
Managing financial risk with derivatives and its applications
Hedging with derivatives
• Future & Forward Contracts
• Interest Rate instruments: Cap, Floor, Collar.
• SWAPS
• Option Contracts: Put & Call
Future & Forward Contracts
• Future Contracts:-Legal standarized agreement to buy/sell a commodity at a specific time in the future.
-Margin established up front
-« Marking-to- Market »
• Foward Contracts:-Customized agreement & traded over-the-counter
-Specified with 4 variables: underlier, notional amount, delivery price & settlement date.
-May be cashed settled
Futures Contract Applications
Example of a raw material transformation company
Material 100,000 ounces of silver
Spot price $ 13/ounceSix-months future price
$ 11/ounce
Long position
Use: Need 100,000 ounces of silver in 6 monhs.
Goal: Lock price at $11/ounce
Short position
Use: Sell 100,000 ounces of silver in 6 months.
Goal: Ensure receiving $11/ounce in 6 months
Forward Contracts
• Four variables:- Underlier:
oil-Notional amount (n): 250,000 barrels.-Delivery price (k):
$ 40 U.S./barrel-Settlement date:
in 3 months
• Goal: Exchange 250,000 barrels of crude oil for $ 40 U.S. /barrel in 3 months.
Forward market value given by n(s-k) where s is the spot price.