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Managing Disasters at Airports

Airports Vulnerability to Disasters

�Floods

�Cyclones

�Earthquake

�Apart from natural disasters, vulnerable to chemical andindustrial disasters and man-made disasters.

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Areas of Concern

�Activating an Early Warning System and its close monitoring

�Mechanisms for integrating the local and administrativeagencies for effective disaster management

�Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply,communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disasterevents

�Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored

�Lack of integrated and standardized efforts and itsSustainability

�Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and Standard OperatingProcedures for stakeholders.

Preparedness for disaster� Formation of an effective airport disaster management plan

� Linking of the Airport Disaster Management Plan (ADMP) with

the District Administration plans for forward and backward

linkages for the key airport functions during and after disasters.

�Strengthening of Coordination Mechanism with the city, district

and state authorities so as to ensure coordinated responses in

future disastrous events.

�Putting the ADMP into action and testing it.

� Plan to be understood by all actors

� Preparedness drills and table top exercises to test the plan

considering various plausible scenarios.

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�AAI has prepared Disaster Management Plan(DMP) for all our

airports in line with GoI guidelines.

�DMP is in line with NDMA under Disaster Management Act, 2005,

National Disaster Management Policy, 2009 and National Disaster

Management Plan 2016.

�Further, these Airport Disaster Management Plan have been submitted to

respective DDMA/SDMA for approval.

�Several Disaster Response & Recovery Equipment are being

deployed at major airports:

� Human life detector, victim location camera, thermal imaging camera,

emergency lighting system, air lifting bag, portable generators, life

buoys/jackets, safety torch, portable shelters etc.

AAI efforts for effective DMP at Airports

Disaster Management Preparedness at AAI Airports� Get Airport Ready for Disaster (GARD) Workshops done at

airports:

�GARD Programme was introduced in AAI with support from United

Nations Development Plan(UNDP) in 2016.

�To ensure fast and effective assistance in the immediate aftermath of a

disaster, besides having the necessary airport infrastructure and local

transport connections to smoothly deliver lifesaving supports.

�Providing training in the necessary protocols and know-how to handle the

dramatic rise in air traffic and flow of goods and people that typically

follows a disaster.

in 2018.

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�AAI observes “Disaster Reduction Day” on ‘13th October’ every

year, which is also ‘International Day for Disaster Reduction” at

all AAI Airports to increase awareness among its employees.

� Following activities are carried out:

�Awareness campaign at the airport and the communities around the

airport.

�Drills, exercises, rehearsal of disaster plan.

� Tabletop Exercise is designed and conducted, to provide

training and evaluate plans and procedures.

�Roles & responsibilities of different agencies are defined.

�Central control centre, Emergency Control Centre & Mobile

Command Post (wherever available) are established.

Disaster Management Preparedness at AAI Airports

AIRPORT DIRECTOR DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

- District Magistrate

- DDMA

- NDRF

- TNFRS

- Transport

- Health

- Police - GFS

- TERMINAL

MANAGEMENT

- ENGINEERING ( CIVIL)

- ENGINEERING ( ELECT)

- AOCC

- ARFF

- Emergency Medical

Centre

- MT Section

- HR/Commercial

AIRPORT ADMINISTRATION

- ATC

- CNS

- IMD

- AOC

- CISF

- Customs

- Immigration

- State Police

AIRPORT EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

Handling of DisasterChairman/ Member(Ops)

CHQ HoDs Committee REDs

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Major Cyclones/ Floods that

struck Indian Airports in past

Cyclone PHYAN

(9- 12 Nov 2009)

� Cyclonic Storm Phyan developed as a tropical disturbance in the

Arabian Sea to the southwest of Colombo in Sri Lanka on

November 4, 2009 and made landfall in south India on November 7.

�Wind speeds of over 95Kmph

� High Alert was issued in states of Gujarat and Maharashtra as

heavy rainfall of over 25 cm was expected.

� ‘Phyan’ affected Mumbai during 9-12 Nov 2009. It Crossed

Maharashtra coast between Mumbai , Alibaug at 1530 IST on 11

November.

�Massive damage to property was reported in coastal districts of

Maharashtra, such as Ratnagiri, Raigad, Sindhudurg, Thane and

Palghar.

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Cyclone ‘Thane’ (2011) - at Puducherry� Cyclone Thane was the strongest tropical cyclone of 2011 within the

North Indian Ocean.

� Thane became a very severe cyclonic storm on December 28, as it

approached the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

� Wind speeds of over 165kmph

� It made landfall at north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore (60

kms from Puducherry) and Puducherry on December 30. At least 46

people died in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.

� Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected areas.

� Puducherry Airport remained closed from 30th Dec. 2011 to 2nd Jan.

2012.

� Thane caused severe damage at Puducherry airport. Roof of Old

Terminal Building and ATC Tower was blown off. Also there was

extensive damage to Fire Station and Perimeter Wall.

� Cyclone Phailin hit Orissa’s eastern coastal towns at speeds of more

than 260 Km/hour, similar in strength of the 1999 super cyclone

which killed more than 10,000 in the state.

� It made landfall near Gopalpur in Odisha coast, at around 2230 IST

on October 12, 2013.

� An estimated million people were moved from their homes along the

Orissa and Andhra Pradesh homes, many of them into temporary

shelters.

� Though operations were closed for one day, there was not much

damage at Bhubaneswar airport.

Cyclone Phailin: October 11-13, 2013

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� The cyclone has caused widespread damage to parts of Andhra

Pradesh and Orissa states.

� Very severe cyclone Hudhud had killed 46 persons and injured 43

others.

� It affected 20.93 lakh families, took lives of 2831 animals and

24.43 lakh poultry/ducks in four districts on October 12.

� The winds and heavy rains have damaged power lines and

buildings and prompted the evacuation of 350,000 people from

their homes.

� Cyclone hit Vizag Airport on 12.10.2014. Impact was considerable

and flight operation was stopped.

� Flight operations with minimal support started after five days,

� Full scale operations started after 10 days

� Approximately Rs. 12 Crores was spent for repair & restoration.

Cyclone ‘Hudhud’ (2014) at Vizag

�Chennai received 490 mm of rainfall in 24 hours from 0830

IST on 1 December, 2015 due to North East monsoon.

�The problem was compounded after the Chembrabakkam

reservoir was forced to release water into the Adyar River,

adjacent to Chennai Airport.

�Due to the flooding, the airport was flooded & had to be

shut down for flights from 2030 IST on 1 December 2015.

�The Airport resumed technical and ferry flights on Saturday,

5 December 2015.

Devastating Floods in Chennai on

2nd December 2015

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� Chennai Airport was flooded, including the ATS complex and

Nav Aids Buildings.

� Airport Operation was stopped from 0914 IST ON 12/12/2016.

� The flood trapped seventeen personnel (security guards on

duty, staff at the remote substation, and CNS units near the

runways) and they had to climb up on top of buildings and

watch-towers before they could be airlifted to safety the next

day.

� Total Power failure occurred from 1515 IST to 2015 IST

� Airport Operations commenced at 0545 IST on 13/12/2016.

Vardha Cyclone at Chennai on

12/12/2016

�Ockhi impacted Lakshadweep on December 2

�Wind speed of 185kmph

�Closing of Aerodrome from 10:30 hours IST, 01/12/2017 to

08:45 hours IST, 03/12/2017.

�Airport resumed operation from 0845 hours IST on

03/12/2017.

�VHF/RCAG System at Agatti got hit and the system was

made operational with minimum available equipment on

03/12/2017.

Cyclone ‘OCKHI’ at Agatti in

Dec-2017

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� Due to the incessant southwest monsoon rains, the upstreamdams started overflowing and the water level in river Periyar whichflows adjacent to Cochin airport started rising alarmingly.

� CIAL had to effect a suspension of all arrivals at 1300 IST onAugust 9, 2018 as a precautionary measure.

� Few other dams upstream had to be opened due to heavy rainswhich resulted in further flooding at the airport. Consequently, theairport remained closed till 29th August, 2018.

� DGCA carried out detailed inspection and the airport was cleared toresume operations from 1400hrs on August 29, 2018.

Flood at Cochin International Airport –

9th August 2018

Testing the preparedness for Disaster

Cyclone FANI : 2nd May,2019

�Information received on 29th April 2019 from MET regarding

extremely severe thunderstorm cyclone FANI approaching

towards north/northwest direction of bay of Bengal.

�Possible landfall in Odisha on 3rd May 2019 morning.

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�Initial meeting taken at CHQ chaired by Chairman andattended by all HoDs for initiating the SoPs at the airports(Bhubaneshwar, Kolkata etc.) expected to be affected byFANI.

�Checklist formulated to take ‘Pre Cyclone’ , during thecyclone and ‘post cyclone ‘ measures involving the HoDsand the stakeholders.

�Meeting held with Secretary, CA and DGCA andsuggested for formal closure of airports so that thetravelling public is not put into inconvenience at the lastminute due cancellation of flights.

�All APD’s advised to have Meeting with the HODs andform action plan to meet the contingencies.

Plan of Actions for Management of

Cyclone ‘FANI’

� APDs advised to hold meeting with the Stakeholders:� APD held a meeting on 1st May 2019 with all the stakeholders (AirlineOperators/GHAs ).

� Action item with timeline for was identified for all Stakeholders for the contingenciesthat might arise due to the cyclone.

� Unit & Department wise advance assessment to handle probable impactwas carried out.

� Based on advanced intimation, a meticulous planning was done on 1st May2019 to handle the situation.

� Control room was set up with representatives from ATM,CNS, TM, Enggand CISF.

� Joint inspection of ramp equipment area was carried out.

� Based on the IMD information of likely landfall, assessment was done andinternal decision taken to close airport operations from Midnight of02.05.2019 to Midnight of 03.05.2019.

Plan of Actions for Management of

Cyclone ‘FANI’

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� Based on DGCA advise all the Airline Operators declared that all theirrespective flights shall be suspended for 3rd May 2019.

� Airlines intimated that resumption of flights shall be subject to therestoration of facilities required for operations at Airport post cyclone.

� As a part of the contingency planning, it was decided that a controlroom with the all operational HODs including CASO/CISF shall beavailable in the terminal building during the entire period of thecontingency activity, with their resources ready, for restoration.

� Almost 50 personnel were positioned in the Terminal Building forfacilitating cleaning activities, removal of debris & FODs and other reliefworks from 10 A.M on 3rd May 2019 till the contingencies were over.

� Galvanized sheets / bamboos and sandbags were kept ready forimmediate repair of boundary wall.

� Enough Diesel was stocked to run DG sets to resume airportoperations

Plan of Actions for Management of

Cyclone ‘FANI’

Actual strike by Cyclone FANI at

Bhubaneshwar Airport�FANI struck Bhubaneswar at about 8.30 AM on 3rd May 2019 and

continued with full vigour till about 5.30 PM in the evening with 30

minutes of lull period from 11.00 AM to 11.30 AM.

�Terminal building (city side, air side & inside), boundary wall at some

places , MT section, ATC Control Tower and Anti-hijacking Control

room were damaged due to the extremely strong wind up to 250kmph.

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Anti Hijacking Control Room

ATC Control Tower

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Terminal Building Roof

Terminal Building (City Side)

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New Apron

Flying roof sheet

Terminal Building (Inside-flooded)

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Terminal Building (Inside)

Terminal Building (City Side)

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Collapsed Boundary Wall

Assessment of Damages & Strategic

planning for restoration� After 5.30 PM, wind speed reduced to 30 Knots.

�As per the plan, teams were formed to assess the damages.

�Action plan for restoration of city side of terminal and air-side was

initiated.

�Airport Director, all HoDs, & CISF I/C, were available in the

Terminal Building.

�Central committee headed by Chairman was taking regular

meetings through video conferencing to provide with logistics

support wherever required.

� It was decided to send Mobile control tower to Bhubhaneshwar

airport to meet any contingency to revive the control tower.

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Restoration work in Terminal Building

Restoration work in Terminal Building

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Restoration work on roof of Terminal

Building

Resumption of Flight Operation

at 1300 Hrs on 04-05-2019� Situation monitored on continuous basis throughout the night with

coordination with IMD to monitor the progress of FANI .

� It was decided by the central committee based on the Met reports that

the winds will subside and on 4th the operations can be resumed subject

to timely restoration actions.

� With active coordination of the entire Airport stakeholders, minimal

facilities were restored and were ready by 10 Am.

� Since there was no power supply, power supply was ensured through DG

set operation (enough diesel was kept in reserve).

� After completion of the restoration activity, Airport was declared

Operational and Hon’ble Chief Minister’s Helicopter took off at 1257 IST

on 04.05.19.

� Coast Guard flight from Vizag landed at Bhubaneswar at 1344 IST.

� After the cyclone, the first scheduled flight was Alliance Air flight from

Ranchi landed at Bhubaneswar at 1536 IST on 04.05.2019.

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Terminal Building after Restoration work on

04.05.2019.

Restoration of other essential

services

�Road Services – Affected at several places leading to

extreme slow down of movement. It took 2 to 3 days to

restore.

�Rail Services – Restored on 5th May 2019.

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Learning and Way Forward� Disasters due to cyclone, floods and other natural calamities due to climate

change and changing weather patterns across the globe are inevitable.

� One of the first steps in preparing for an disaster whether at airport or any

other place is to develop an robust integrated disaster management plan.

� Work out the impact of the disaster on its buildings, its utilities, critical

equipment and functional continuity.

� Position all critical equipment and their electricity back-up at locations (at

least a meter above the expected water Levels observed in the previous

disasters), so that the equipment and all supporting power and data back-

up remain safe and functional .

� At the airports, It is imperative that the DMP of the airport be

supplemented by the Flood/Cyclone disaster management plan which

defines responsibilities and describes actions to be taken in the event of a

disaster at the airport.

� Support of the city, district and state administration is the key for

restoration of the services.

� AAI is now focusing more on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.

We cannot stop natural disasters but

we can arm ourselves with knowledge

and enough disaster preparedness.

Thank You !!!