Managing Across

Boundaries

Johan BergenäsDeputy Director and Analyst

The Managing Across Boundaries programThe Stimson Center

1111 19th St., NW 12th FloorWashington, DC 20036

(202) 478-3443jbergenas@stimson.org

Stimson CenterStimson CenterManaging Across Boundaries programManaging Across Boundaries program

Sub-region workshop on the legal and regulatory aspects of United Nations Sub-region workshop on the legal and regulatory aspects of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 for members of the Organization of Security Council Resolution 1540 for members of the Organization of

Eastern Caribbean StatesEastern Caribbean States

January 11, 2012January 11, 2012Castries, St Lucia

Managing Across

Boundaries

Outline

• Background of Stimson’s collaboration with Caribbean states and regional organizations

• The Caribbean success story

• Next steps/opportunities ahead for Caribbean states and dual benefit assistance

Managing Across

Boundaries

Disparate Development/Security Priorities

Caribbean States

• Transform Caribbean countries economies from being tourist-based to being trade-based

• Crime

• Trafficking of- Small arms;- Drugs; and- Humans

Donor Community• Counterterrorism- 10 years after 9/11, global

counterterrorism capacity-building remains a top priority among donor countries; resources committed to this objective are still vast

• WMD nonproliferation- 2002 G8 Global Partnership

established to provide $20 billion toward nonproliferation of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons (focus on FSU states)

Managing Across

Boundaries

The Beyond Boundaries Initiative

How do we bridge the dividebetween human security anddevelopment priorities in theCaribbean (and beyond) anddonor countries focus on”hard security” issues?

How do we leverageinternational securityassistance ($1.3 trillionannually) to also benefitdevelopment needs?

Managing Across

Boundaries

Overlap between “hard” security and human security and development capacity-building

• Develop legislative framework

• Border controls• Export/transshipment

controls• Financial controls

• Physical security of materials/equipment• Law enforcement

• Legal training• CBRN expertise

training/equipment /notification

• Legal development• Rule of law• Institutional capacity-building• Provision of equipment• Training• Tertiary education• Personnel development• Border controls• Customs enforcement/revenue

collection• Global competitiveness/development• Logistics• Infrastructure development• Disease surveillance and response• Reform public finance• Prevent natural resource trafficking• Improve reliability of transport system• Training, logistics for public health

providers• Illicit trafficking and crime

“Hard security” capacity building

Human security and development capacity

building

Managing Across

Boundaries

UN Security Council Resolution 1540 as a platform to bridge the security/development

divide• Legally binding call to:

- Enact legal and enforcement mechanisms to prevent non-state actors from manufacturing, acquiring, and transshipping WMD

- Specifically improve:i. Port security;ii. Boarder security;iii. Strategic trade controls; andiv. Judicial, financial, and law

enforcement systems

- Encourages states with capacity to provide assistance and in turn encourages states in need of implementation assistance to request resources (financial, technical, and human assistance) that will enable them to comply with1540

Managing Across

Boundaries

1540 Dual-Benefit Assistance• Assistance with strategic trade controls

promotes efficiencies at transit hubs that in turn facilitate trade expansion, business development and national competitiveness within the global supply chain

• Assistance provided to enhance border and export controls to prevent WMD proliferation to non-state actors also inhibits criminal activities

• Many of the resources required to limit dual-use nuclear products from being trafficked throughout the Caribbean Basin are also needed to combat drug and small arms smuggling

• Preventing human trafficking relies upon many of the same capacities necessary to detect and prevent movement of terrorists or nuclear components and materials to states and terrorist organizations

Economic Development and

Diversification

Development

Counterdrug Efforts,Preventing Small ArmsTrafficking, Addressing Youth Gangs and Crime

Security

WMD Nonproliferation

Resolution 1540

Securing Ports and Borders,Customs Enforcement,

Military/Law EnforcementPersonnel Training, Tertiary

Education

Managing Across

Boundaries

Caribbean Success Story• Caribbean states went from submitting 0 to

submitting 14 reports to the UN 1540 Committee detailing steps taken, steps to be taken, and where assistance is needed

• Request for assistance led to the hiring of a full-time CARICOM coordinator for nonproliferation with the role of identifying new streams of assistance for broader security and development capacity-building

• Completion of legal gap analysis

• Capacity-building workshops and seminars

• Donor countries are now being approached to backfill the capacity shortfalls as identified by countries in the Caribbean Basin

• Corporations, in cooperation with governments (donor and recipient states), looking for opportunities to invest in port and airport security, border capacity-building in Caribbean countries

• Proven that taking steps to implement Resolution 1540 is not a burden, but an opportunity to acquire assistance vis-à-vis higher priority needs

• Assistance does not come from over-satiated development accounts, but from international security assistance funds

• Success in the Caribbean Basin is considered a powerful precedent for taking steps to bridge the security/development divide globally

• Countries in Central America and East Africa are now looking to mirror the Caribbean model

Managing Across

Boundaries

Current and future opportunities

• New streams of “dual-benefit” assistance- G8 Global Partnership extended for 10 years- Global reach- Special focus on Resolution 1540 (CARICOM’s success story is strong

incentive for donor countries to invest additional resources in Caribbean countries)

• Continued US and Canadian interest in partnering with Caribbean countries in capacity-building projects

• European perspectives- Increased attention for pragmatic models that recognize the nexus

between security and development- Stockholm maritime security focus

• Private industry- Building models for capacity-building including high technology

corporations, donor and partner governments