MANAGEMENT

SCIENCE

UNIT-I

Introduction

To

Management

INDEX

UNIT 1 PPT SLIDES

S.NO. TOPIC LECTURE NO.

1. Introduction to Management L1

2. Concepts of Management of Organiztion L2

3. Importance L3

4. Taylor‟s Scientific L4

5. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT L5

6. Fayol‟s Principle of Management L6

7. Mayo‟s Hawthorne Experiments L7

8. Maslow‟s theory of Human NeedsS L8

DEFINITION

Henri Fayol(1916):To manage is to

forecast and plan ,to organize, to command, to coordinate and control

Peter. F. Drucker(1955):Management is concerned with the systematic organization of economic Resources and its task is to make these resources productive.

Nature and Features

Management is a social process

It also denotes a „a body of people‟ involved in decision making

It is inexact science

It is an art and also science

It is profession

It is inter-disciplinary

It is complex

IMPORTANCE

It facilitates the achievements of goals through limited resources

It ensures smooth sailing in case of difficulties

It ensures continuing in the organization

It ensures economy and efficiency

It focus on group efforts

It is the key to the economic growth

Taylor’s Scientific Management

Theory

F.W.Taylor –Father of Scientific Management

Taylor demonstrated the benefits of increased productivity and earnings through an experiment at “Bethlehem Steel Works”.

FUNCTIONS OF

MANAGEMENT According to Luther Gullick

P-----Planning

O------Organizing

S-----Staffing

D----Directing

Co---Coordinating

R---Reporting

B---Budgetting

Fayol’s Principle of

Management Henri Fayol contributed 14 principles to

management

1. Division of Work

2. Authority

3. Discipline

4. Unity of command

5. Unity of direction

6. Subordination of individual interest to group interest

Fayol’s Principle of

Management

7.Remuneration

8.Centralization of authority

9.Scalar chain

10.Order

11.Equity

12.Stability of tenure of personnel

13.Initiative

14.Espirit de corps (Team work)

Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments

Mayo known for his famous experiment at Hawthorne plant of the western electric company, Chicago, USA, for evaluating the attitudes and Psychological reaction of workers on the job situations.

Maslow’s theory of Human NeedsS

According to him humans have 5 needs

1. Physiological needs

2. Safety needs

3. Affiliation or acceptance needs

4. Esteem needs

5. Self-actualisation needs

Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and

Theory Y

Theory X: Assumptions

1. Employees are lazy

2. They require constant guidance and support

3. Some times they require even coersion and control

4. Given an opportunity they would like to avoid responsibility

5. They do not show any ambition but always seak security

Theory YAssumptions:

1. Some employees consider work as natural as play as rest

2. They employees are capable of directing and controlling performance on their own. They are much committed to objectives of the organization.

3. Higher rewards make these employees more committed to organization.

4. Most of them are highly imaginative, creative, and display ingenuity in handling organizational issues.

5. Give an opportunity , they not only accept responsibility but also look for opportunities to out perform others.

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of

Motivation

Herzberg developed 2 factors:

1. Hygiene Factors: These are the basic requirements such as company policies and procedures.

2. Motivators Factors: The other set comprising motivators refers to the higher order needs.

System Approach

A System is a collection of interrelated

parts called sub-systems, which constituteone whole unit. It facilitates the study ofeach of these parts in detail to have aclose understanding of the whole system.

Leadership Styles

Leader: One who leads a given group or team of people.

Leadership: It is an ability toinfluence people to achieve the givengoals in an organisation.

Types of Leadership

Based on the use of authority the

leadership is divided into 3 types.

1. Autocratic leadership

2. Democratic or Participative leadership

3. Free-Rein Leadership

Social Responsibilities

It refers to the process which includes several activities ranging from providing safe products and services to giving portion of the company‟s profits to welfare with a philanthropic perspectives.

1. Responsibility towards shareholders.

2. Responsibility towards consumers.

3. Responsibility towards employees.

4. Social Responsibility towards creditors.

5. Responsibility towards the Government, competitors, General public.