Management of Unauthorised Connections in South Africa
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Management of Unauthorised Connections
in South AfricaMASIBAMBANE COORDINATING
COMMITTEE24TH Feb 2011Mark Bannister
Department of Water Affairs
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Definition
• Unlawful connections: refers to connections (from bulk or distribution mains) that are not authorised or sanctioned by the municipality
• Misused lawful connections: temporary or permanent -informal businesses (car washes and “spaza” shops etc ; water is drawn for unauthorised use from unmetered installations like fire hydrants.
• Tampered or by-passed meter: primarily undertaken to evade payment for services where the consumers have been provided with a metered connection.
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Typical Unlawful Connections
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Typical Unlawful Connections
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The South African Modified IWA Water Balance Structure
Free Basic Water Billed Metered
Consumption Recoverable Revenue Water
Billed Authorised Consumption
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Potential Revenue Water Non-
recoverable Revenue Water
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Authorised Consumption
Unbilled Authorised Consumption Unbilled Unmetered
Consumption
Unauthorised Consumption
Apparent Losses (Commercial Losses) Customer Meter
inaccuracies Leakage on transmission and distribution mains Leakage on overflows from storage facilities
System Input Volume
Water Losses
Real Losses (Physical Losses)
Leakage on service connections
Non-Revenue Water
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Non-Revenue Water Extent in Large Cities on Four Continents (2000)
39%42% 42%
15%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Africa Asia Latin America North America
No
n-R
even
ue w
ate
r
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Statistics
• South Africa (2007) - volume of water lost from municipal systems was in the region of 28.8% of the input volume of 4 billion m3 per annum.
• Of this volume, the total annual Non-Revenue Water was estimated at 1.43 billion m3 (35.8% of the total municipal system input excluding free basic water).
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The Problem arises from…
• inadequately monitored developments• lack of customer support• insufficient basic services• lack of understanding of the basic services obligation
by some water services institutions• corruption and collusion• views on ownership of services• absence or lack of political will to enforce by-laws• lack of understanding of the problem and its impact
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Benefit of Addressing the Problem • Income generation -revenue can be optimised by the financial
gains from increased water sales or reduced water production• Possibly defer costly infrastructure expansions • Can be cost-effective and offer fast pay back;• Technically simpler to address unauthorised consumption
when compared to reducing real losses• Ignoring unlawful acts cannot be equitable or fair to
consumers who pay for their water • It promotes the culture of good governance and
accountability;• It would promote increased knowledge of the water system
and thus improve its integrity.
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Ingredients for success…
• Problem conceptualisation• Political will• Institutional capacity: • Financial capacity.• Enabling instruments• Conducive environment: • Communication: • Integration
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Core Approaches
• Problem context: • Progressive approach: • Localised strategy: .• Manageable areas• User category distinction: • Amnesty approach: • Public involvement: • Monitoring and evaluation.• Enforcement:
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ENABLING POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• Constitutional Mandate • Water Services Related Instruments
– Strategic Framework for Water Services– The Water Services Act– The Water Services Model By-laws
• Local Government Related Instruments– The Municipal Systems Act– The Municipal Finance Management Act
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Overview of the Intervention Process
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Conclusion• SA national government’s target - to reduce losses by 20% by 2014. • A robust policy and legal framework exists • Important instruments required
– by-laws– the water services provider’s conditions for the provision of services – planning and monitoring mechanisms
• municipal budget• water services development integrated development plans • key performance indicators
• National government can provide the enabling environment and instruments, municipalities bear the legal responsibility to implement measures to address the problem.
• The Guideline will assist responsible Water Sector stakeholders to manage their Unauthorised Connections and therefore reduce water losses and contribute towards affective Water Demand Management