a tour with real-world examples

Presented By: Group - 1

Information Systems & Information Technology

Agenda

Presentation is supported by real-world examples

1Birds Eye View

2IS | IT

3IS- Components

Vital component of successful businesses

Helps businesses expand and compete

Businesses use IS and IT

To improve efficiency and effectiveness of business processes

For managerial decision making

For workgroup collaboration

Why study Information Systems and Information Technology?

A system

Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a common set of objectives

By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process

What is a system?

Input Process Output

An organized combination of People Hardware Software Communications networks Data resources Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization

What is an Information System?

Objective –

IS – Control, Management, Planning, Informative decisions

IT – input, organizes, processing and storing information.

History –

IS – start of 1940 s when first time POS data and Inventory management were performed

IT – relatively newer concept, started in 1990 ‘s decades.

Scope –

IS – broader perspective, depends on long term goals and planning of organization

IT – limited to process and procedure, depend on technology used as per requirement of organization.

Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)

Components –

IS – organization ( people + structure + working culture) + Technology + Management ( operation +managerial + strategic )

IT – technology (hardware + software + database)

Application –

IS – Way people interact, Business work and Organization run

IT – only technology component, does not consider the environment.

Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)

Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)Internal sources -sales, manufacturing, inventory, or financial for an organizations database. External sources - interest rates, population trends, cost of new housing construction / raw material pricing.

Executive Information Systems (ESS) Information in an EIS are presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios and other managerial statistics and is stored in data warehouses

Real World Examples

Real World Examples

Expert Systems (ES)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech recognition and creative responses)

Real World Examples

Office Information Systems (OIS) :The registration process of a school.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Example: Deposits, payments, orders or reservations

Management Information Systems (MIS) generates accurate, timely and organized information so that managers can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.

Example : Sales forecasting

Real World Examples

Components of an Information System

People , culture and structure

Traditionally, people resisted technology

Organization needs to create awareness to ensure effective use of

technology.

New technology leads to structural changes in the organization.

Ensuring the right attitudes towards technology.

Organizations also needs to assess the potential political discomfort

Hardware Resources

All physical devices used in information processing Machines, data media, peripherals

Components of an IS

SoftwareAll information processing instructions including programs and procedures System software, application software and procedures, eg Oracle, Windows (OS), Office package

Data ResourcesFacts about the business transactionsProcessed and organized informationDatabases of organized data

Network ResourcesCommunications mediaNetwork infrastructure: hardware and softwareThe Internet, intranets and extranets

Components of an IS

Banking – Bank Of AmericaPeople - Tellers, Helplines , Customer relationship managersSoftware- Windows (OS), banking application, mobile utility, online servicesHardware: ATMS, PCs, Scanners, Currency counterDatabase – Oracle, Access, etcProcedure – Services, Banking, online, ATM

Retail - Wal-MartPeople – Floor Managers, CRMs, CashiersSoftware- Windows (OS), retail applicationsHardware: card readers, RFIDs, bar code readers, theft detectors, Loyalty ManagementDatabase – Oracle, AccessProcedure – Retail services, pos, consumer behavior

TelecomAirtel/VodafonePeople –Sales executive, customer care, Retailers Software- Windows(OS),Mobile application SoftwareHardware: -Servers, Mobile towers , control rooms,PcDatabase – Oracle, AccessProcedure – Billing System, CRM, Calling plans(Du)

Real World Examples

Consumer PrivacyOrganizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.

Employee PrivacyIT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress

Freedom of SpeechIT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT ProfessionalismNo mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other professions.

Social InequalityLess than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

Ethical & Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Group-1

Information SystemsInformation Technology