Define management

Management is a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. All organizations - business, political, cultural or social are involved in management because it is the management which helps and directs the various efforts towards a definite purpose. According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals”. According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way”.

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Features:

Management is goal-oriented

Management integrates human, physical and financial

Management is continuous

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2

3

Management is pervasive

Management is a group activity

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5

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Function of management

organization

staffing

directing

controlling

planning

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Planning

Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. It is a preparatory step. It is a systematic activity which determines when, how and who is going to perform a specific job.

Steps in planning function:

1. Establishment of objectives.

2. Establishment of planning premises.

3. Choice of alternative course of action.

4. Securing co-operation.

5. Follow up/appraisal of plans.

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Organizing

Organizing: is the function of management which follows planning. It is a function in which the synchronization and combination of human, physical and financial resources takes place.

A manager performs organizing function with the help of following steps:1. Identification of activities.

2. Departmentally organizing the activities.

3. Classifying the authority .

4. Co-ordination between authority and responsibility.

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Staffing:

Staffing: The managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of the personnel’s to fill the roles assigned to the employers/workforce.

Nature of Staffing Function:1. Staffing is an important managerial function.2. Staffing is a pervasive activity.3. Staffing is a continuous activity.4. The basis of staffing function is efficient management of personnel’s .

5. Staffing helps in placing right men at the right job.6. Staffing is performed by all managers.

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Directing:

Directing: is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals.

Direction has got following characteristics:1. Pervasive Function.2. Continuous Activity.3. Human Factor.4. Creative Activity.5. Executive Function.

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Co-ordination:

Co-ordination: tries to achieve harmony between individual’s efforts towards achievement of group goals and is a key to success of management..

Purchase Production

Marketing Finance

Coordination

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Controlling:

Controlling: is measuring and correcting individual or organizational performance to ensure that event confirm to plans.

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Importance of Management

It helps in Achieving Group Goals 1

Optimum Utilization of Resources 2

Reduces Costs3

Establishes Sound Organization 4

Establishes Equilibrium 5

Essentials for Prosperity of Society6

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Administration and Management

Basis Management Administration

Meaning

Management is an art of getting things done through others by directing their efforts towards achievement of pre-determined goals.

It is concerned with formulation of broad objectives, plans & policies.

Nature Management is an executing function.Administration is a decision-making function.

ProcessManagement decides who should as it & how should he dot it.

Administration decides what is to be done & when it is to be done.

FunctionManagement is a doing function because managers get work done under their supervision.

Administration is a thinking function because plans & policies are determined under it.

Skills Technical and Human skills Conceptual and Human skills

Level Middle & lower level function Top level function

On the Basis of Functions:

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Administration and Management

Basis Management Administration

ApplicabilityIt is applicable to business concerns i.e. profit-making organization.

It is applicable to non-business concerns i.e. clubs, schools, hospitals etc.

InfluenceThe management decisions are influenced by the values, opinions, beliefs & decisions of the managers.

The administration is influenced by public opinion, govt. policies, religious organizations, customs etc.

Status

Management constitutes the employees of the organization who are paid remuneration (in the form of salaries & wages).

Administration represents owners of the enterprise who earn return on their capital invested & profits in the form of dividend.

On the Basis of Usage:

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Level of Management

Lower Level

Middle level

Top Level

Man

agem

ent

Ad

min

istr

atio

n

The Figure above clearly shows the degree of administration and management performed by the different levels of management

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Manager

Manager: A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary. For many people, this is their first step into a management career.

Skills required by a manager:

1. Technical

2. Human

3. ConceptualTechnical Human

conceptual

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Function of a Manager

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Controlling

leading

Following are the main function of manager

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Manager