MAN – ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP

Some 2 million years ago…

• Hunting of animals and gathering of food

• 13,000 – 10,000 BC, Domestication of dogs

• Harmonious relationship with nature

• Adaptation, trial and error and learning

About 10,000 years ago (Neolithic period)…

• Spatial mobility (nomadism) to sedentarisation

• Transition to domestication of plants and animals

• Shift from food procurement to food production

Before 6000 BC…

• Goats, sheep and cattle domestication• Mohenja-Daro and Harappa

Historically…

• Pastoralism – Consequence of domestication• Two kinds of people:

• Peasant• Herdsman or pastoralist

MAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP

• Companionship• Rehabilitation• Caretaking skills• Working animals• Livelihood• Food• Sports and leisure

ROLE OF ANIMALSEMPLOYMENT DIMENSION

• Livestock enterprise• Poverty alleviation programs

ECONOMIC DIMENSION

Livestock produces Alternate source of living In army, police and research

HEALTH, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSION

Began with domesticationLivestock produces Alternate source of living In army, police and research

PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION

Prestige value Self-reliance and self-confidence Symbol of sacredness - Religious Helps to recover from natural calamities Watch dog Sport animals especially horse

1. Purpose2. No. of animals/household3. Quality of animals4. Productivity of animals5. Type of animals6. Dry: Milk animals ration7. Animal sheds8. Feeding9. Type of feeds10.Management of animals11.Adoption of technologies to improve productivity of animals12.Sale of animals13.Cost of production per kg of milk/meat14.Profit per unit of milk/meat sold15.Sentiment attachment with animals16 Persons involved in the maintenance of animals

DIFFERENCES EXIST BETWEEN TRIBAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN THE ANIMAL REARING PATTERNS

S.NO PARTICULARS URBAN AREA RURAL AREA TRIBAL AREA

1. PurposePrimarily economic Economic as well

as socialEconomic as well as social

2. No. of animals/household Few Many As herds3. Quality of animals Good Average Poor4. Productivity of animals Medium-High Low- Medium Low5. Type of animals

Productive animals(mostly) All types All types

6. Dry: Milk animals ration Low High Very high7. Animal sheds

Mostly pucca Kucha/Semi Pucca

Under the trees/ as herds

8. Feeding Mostly stall feeding Mostly grazing Only grazing9. Type of feeds

Dry fodder with little or no green fodder. Concentrate feeding common

Dry + Green fodder with little or no concentrates

Dry + Green fodder

DIFFERENCES EXIST BETWEEN TRIBAL, RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN THE ANIMAL REARING PATTERNS

S.NO PARTICULARS URBAN AREA RURAL AREA TRIBAL AREA10. Management of animals

Good Poor Very poor

11. Adoption of technologies to improve productivity of animals Fast Slow Very slow

12. Sale of animalsFrequent Less frequent Rare

13. Cost of production per kg of milk/meat High Low Very low

14. Profit per unit of milk/meat sold High Medium

Low

15. Sentiment attachment with animals Not to that extent as

in rural areas.Very much present

Much more than rural areas

16 Persons involved in the maintenance of animals Specific person as

full time jobAll members of the family / part time

Groups

Any doubt…?