Male Reproductive Pathology - vetrepropath.comvetrepropath.com/DVM/VETM3460 Therio C48 Male Foster...
Transcript of Male Reproductive Pathology - vetrepropath.comvetrepropath.com/DVM/VETM3460 Therio C48 Male Foster...
Male Reproductive Pathology: General Considerations
Common diseasesUncommon diseasesPathogenesis
VetReproPath.com
Normal Anatomy
“Recent” changes
Testis
Vaginal tunics
Deferent duct
Vesicular gland
Head of penis
Some cells of the testis
Seminiferous tubuleTesticular sustentacular (Sertoli) cellsGerm cells
SpermatogoniaSpermatocytesSpermatids
Interstitial endocrine cells
Spermatic GranulomaMale tract is a unique area immunologically
Spermatozoa are outside the bodyBlood testis barrier
Spermatozoa are immunogenicspermiostasisspermatocelespermatic granuloma
Spermatic granulomas
Think its pus?Its probably not!
Male Reproductive PathologyScrotal contents
Clinical scenarioDog with swollen scrotum – why?
Dog with swollen scrotumConsider anatomy and physiology
Scrotal skinVaginal tunicsTestisEpididymisSpermatic cord (cremaster muscle, deferent duct and pampiniform plexus)Inguinal ring and areaSuperficial inguinal (scrotal) lymph node.
Any enlargement of a scrotum or contents can result in swelling
Ancillary testsurinalysissemen evaluationfine needle aspiration/impression smearsincisional biopsyexcisional biopsy
Scrotal skin disease Phase 3 Dermatology/Dermatopathology
Can be secondary to periorchitis/epididymitis
Vaginal tunicsPeriorchitis
All species gets thisOften from epididymitisCan be from peritonitis
Cat is exceptionFeline infectious peritonitis
Testis: SmallHypoplasia
systemic and or localreduced tubular size, lengthgerm cell numberCauses• hereditary? • Disorders of Sexual Development
– Sex chromosome DSD - XXY cats, freemartin– XX testicular DSD – dogs, goats– XY testicular DSD – all species
Testis: SmallHypoplasia
All these testes were from rams of the same age
Testis: SmallCryptorchidism
XY testicular DSDWhy was there maldescent• genetic• hormonal• structural• environmental (outbreaks)
DSD = Disorder of Sexual Development
Testis: SmallIs it a cryptorchid?
All species• Serum hormone testing
Cat• Penile barbs
Dog• Palpate prostate
Horse• rectal palpation
Testis: Small
Your dog is a cryptorchid – why neuter?Adverse outcomes of cryptorchidism•Torsion•Neoplasia•Reduced fertility•Heritable trait
Testis: SmallAtrophy/degeneration
Atrophy is gross term, degeneration is histologyBrown coloration
MineralizationFibrosis
Testis: Large Compensatory hypertrophyNeoplasia
DDX epididymitisDog• sustentacular (Sertoli) cell tumor• interstitial cell tumor• seminoma
Horse• seminoma (old), teratoma (young)
Testis: Large; neoplasia Sustentacular (Sertoli) cell tumor
Is white and tough
Hyperestrogenism• Feminisation• Gynecomastia• Alopecia• Bone marrow suppression
Testis: Large; neoplasia Interstitial cell tumour
Tan with haemorrhage
Testis is brown from?
Testis: Large; neoplasia Seminoma
Dog• White, bulges and is
homogeneousHorse
• Pale yellow and lobulated
Testis: TorsionTesticular torsion
Retained testisStallions
+ retained testis + sustentacular (Sertoli) cell tumor
EpididymisEpididymis is one duct and meters long.‘Too big or too small”Congenital disease
Spermatic granuloma of the epididymal headHypoplasiaSegmental aplasia of mesonephric duct
Epididymitis