Malaysian Studies Lesson 13 (1)

8/12/2019 Malaysian Studies Lesson 13 (1)

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MALAYAN

UNION


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MALAYAN UNION(KESATUAN MALAYA)

Soon after the Japanese occupation, theBritish came back to Malaya and

introduced temporary military governmentor BMA (British Military Administration).

On 1st

April 1946, the British replaced BMAwith the Malayan Union.


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British MilitaryAdministration$10,000 Note


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Why British Introduced MalayanUnion?

To combine all scattered administrationinto one.

The unification was to assistadministration and saved expenditure. To enforce defence and boost economic

recovery and progress.


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Why British Introduced MalayanUnion?

To prepare for the locals for owngovernment.

British owed to the Chinese and theIndians whom helped them in fighting with

the Japanese.


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FEATURES OF THE MALAYAN UNION

Except for Singapore, all Malayan Stateswere united under one central government

i.e. Malayan Union.

A British Governor would be appointed in

due course with the help of GovernmentCouncil and Judiciary Council.


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Rulers sovereignty would be abolished -they would only have the authority in

Islamic affairs and customs.

State council would be under the central

government.


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All races would be given equal rights JusSoli Principle

- Malayan citizenship was obtained if(a) the foreigner was 18 and above andhad resided in Malaya for 10 out 15 yearsbefore 15 February 1942.

(b) a person who born in Malaya after theforming of the Malayan Union.


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Equal rights for all citizens regardless ofrace or origin.

This includes the entry into governmentservices and the right to vote in the general

election.


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Opposition against the Malayan Union

Harold Mac Michael succeeded in gettingthe Rulers signatures through intimidation.


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Opposition against the MalayanUnion

Dato Onn Jaafar, a Malay nationalist, led the Malays to oppose:

a) Mac Michaels intimidation to the MalayRulersb) Loss of Rulers powers c) Effects on the position of the Malaysd) Fear that the non-Malays would

outnumber the Malays


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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5mjzeOJF_IYAMhKJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBwczV0OXVlBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkA0kwNjZfODg-/SIG=1gi120e1c/EXP=1172556403/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253DDato%2525E2%252580%252599%252BOnn%252BJaafar%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526fr%253Dyfp-t-501%2526x%253Dwrt%26w=174%26h=218%26imgurl=www.lib.uum.edu.my%252F48merdeka%252Fimages%252Fonn3.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.lib.uum.edu.my%252F48merdeka%252Fonn.htm%26size=9.2kB%26name=onn3.jpg%26p=Dato%25E2%2580%2599%2BOnn%2BJaafar%26type=jpeg%26no=1%26tt=28%26oid=df758ad41c3d7f50%26ei=UTF-8


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March 1946, the Malayan Malay Congresschaired by Dato Onn met in Kuala Lumpur,

attended by 41 organisations, opposed theformation of the Malayan Union, helddemonstrations at major towns, establishedthe United Malays National Organisation(UMNO) to protect Malay interests


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MALAYAN UNIONDEMONSTRATION


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A group of former British officers like FrankSwettenham also opposed
http://www.nga.gov.au/Exhibition/Edwardians/Detail.cfm?IRN=127078&ViewID=2


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Non-Malays formed the MalayanDemocratic Union (MDU), formation of the

Malayan Union undemocratic, Singaporenot included.


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The British government ignored all protestsand Malayan Union was proclaimed on 1

April 1946.Edward Gent became the Governor of theMalayan Union.

Malay Rulers boycotted the installationceremony.


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THE FAILURE OF MALAYAN UNION

The Malayan Union constitution forcedthe Malays to think in new direction.

The Malays felt their position threatenedbecause of the Jus Soli principle.


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The Malayan Union would eradicate thepower and sovereignty of the Malays

Rulers.

Sir Harold Mac Michael threatened and

forced the Malay Rulers to accept theMalayan Union.


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The introduction of Malayan Union wastoo early, immediately after the Japaneseoccupation. The locals were still occupied with theJapanese slogan Asia for Asians. The Malays were not ready to acceptradical changes that would affect theirposition.


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The British government refused to acceptthe Malays proposal on Malayan Union.

Sir Harold Mac Michael threats on MalayRulers challenged the Malay sovereign.the previous British Administrators in

Malaya supported the Malay up rise.


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THE LOCAL UPRISE AGAINST THEMALAYAN UNION

Dato Onn lead the Malays against the MalayanUnion and instilled national spirit among them. He established Pergerakan MelayuSemenanjung (Peninsular Malay Movement) inJanuary 1946 to defend the rights of the Malays.He chaired the Pan-Malayan Malay Congressmeeting on 29 th and 30 th March 1946 in Kuala

Lumpur.


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Through this congress the Malays wasadvised to boycott the Malayan Unionand unite to stage demonstrations on 1 st

April 1946. The Malay rulers were advised not toattend the appointment ceremony of

Edward Gent as the first Governor of theMalayan Union.


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United Malay National Organisation (UMNO)was formed by Dato Onn on 11 th May 1946. Umno slogan at that time was Hidup Melayuand Hidup Bangsa Melayu (Long Live Malaysand Long Live the Malay Race) then changed toMerdeka (Independent). The strong fight against the Malayan Union bythe Malays caused the Malayan Union to beabolished.


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One of the many demonstrationagainst the Malayan Union.

Malaysian Studies Lesson 13 (1)

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