MALAYSIA

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi religious country in South East Asia.

It is predominantly Muslim, but the constitution protects the followers of the other faiths, to practice their beliefs freely.

The three main races are Malays, Indians and Chinese. They generally live in harmony, and the country is emerging in the World.

INTRODUCTION

Economic AnalysisEconomic Analysis The Economy of Malaysia is a growing and relatively open state-oriented and newly

industrialized market economy.

Exchange rate: 1 ringgit = 16.70 INR GDP: 237.8 USD Billion GDP Growth Rate: 3.7 % in the 3Q of 2011 over the previous quarter GDP per capita: 5151 US dollars, according to the World Bank. INFLATION RATE: 3.3 percent in November of 2011. Government Budget: Budget deficit equivalent to 5.60 % of the Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) in 2010. GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP: The Government Debt in Malaysia was last

reported at 54.2 % of the country´s GDP. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 3 % in October of 2011 Balance of Trade: 13.2 Billion MYR in October of 2011 Export: Natural rubber, palm oil, sawn logs, sawn timber, cocoa, pepper,

pineapple and tobacco. Import: Electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and

steel products and chemicals.

Socio-cultural analysis• Within Malaysian society there is a Malay culture, a Chinese

culture, an Indian culture, a Eurasian culture, along with the cultures of the indigenous groups of the peninsula and north Borneo.

• Population : 28.5 million people (Growth rate 1.61% in 2010)• Religions: Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%,

Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, None 0.8%

• Capital: Kuala Lumpur• Languages: Bahasa Melayu (official)• Rural population(%) : 29.64 % in 2008• Literacy Rate: 92.5

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR

• Technological section provides information on state of technological and communication Development, transportation facility in Malaysia.

Transportation•Railways•Roadways•Airways•Port & terminals

Communication•The press•Television•Radio •News Agency

ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE• 1974- legislation of EQA • 1985-Amendment• EIA-Introduced on April 1, 1988 mandatory for particular projects or "prescribed activities". (agriculture (of or

more than 500 Ha)• Most heavily polluted areas - west coast• Water pollution - 40% rivers are polluted , 76% used for farming and 13% used

for industrial activity. • Malaysia's cities produce an average of 1.5 million tons of solid waste per year. • 1978-Clean-air legislation • Malaysia ranked among 50 nations with the world's highest industrial carbon

dioxide emissions.• Malaysia's total land area, 59% in rainforest. • The Department of Wildlife and National Parks is responsible for the preservation

of flora and fauna in Malaysia.

• About 41% of the land area is classified as "low human disturbance", 19% is categorised as "medium human disturbance" and 40% falls under the "high human disturbance" category. 2.7% of the land is totally protected, 1.77% is partially protected and 4.47% is totally or partially protected.

• The country is hot and humid all year round, with an average temperature of 27 °C (80.6 °F) and almost no variability in the yearly temperature.

• Two monsoon-the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon.• Air Pollution Index (API) is used by the government to describe the air quality.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES• 2005 Malaysian haze over Kuala Lumpur• Malaysia's deforestation rate is the highest among tropical nations(annual

deforestation rate increased 86% between 1999–2000 and 2000-2005)• lost an average of 140,200 hectares of forests (0.65% of its total forest area) every

year since 2000 CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION • urbanization, agricultural fires and forest conversion • Malaysia is ranked 42nd in the world in terms of vehicle ownership per capita, with

273 Malaysians having vehicles out of every 1000.• In 2000, Malaysia was ranked fourth in the world in terms of per capita

greenhouse gas emissions

LEGAL PROFILE• The supreme law of the land—the Constitution of Malaysia—sets out the

legal framework and rights of Malaysian citizens• Federal laws - enacted by the Parliament of Malaysia apply throughout the

country• State Laws - enacted by the State Legislative Assemblies which applies in the

particular state• History - laws of United Kingdom – imported Prior to the independence in

1957 • -local legislations • -case laws• Other Jurisdictions - Australia and India, criminal law - based on the Indian

criminal code, Malaysian land law is based on the Australian Torrens system• Common Law - written law(enacted in the constitution or in legislations)• - unwritten law(not contained in any statutes )ie. common law

or case laws • Sultan Abdul Samad Building - apex courts of Malaysia