Malaria: life threatening disease

Happy World Health Day

07.04.2014

Wishes from

Dr. Sudhakar Kokate

Director PPRC, India

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Theme

:

Vector-borne diseases

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Presented by Dr. Sudhakar KokateDirector PPRC, India

Eradication of MALARIA

by

GLOBAL PLANTS

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Dedication

This presentation is dedicated to all patients

suffering from “Malaria: a life threatening

disease across the globe”. We wish them a

speedy recovery and healthy life

Vector-borne diseases

Malaria

Elephantiasis

Dengue fever

Chikungunya

Japan elephantiasis

Yellow fever

Leishmaniasis

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Vectors

Mosquitoes

Sand flies

Bugs

Ticks

Snails

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Mosquitoes

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Sand flies

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Bugs

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Ticks

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Snails

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Stat 40% of world population is at risk from Dengue

1.3 million new cases of Leishmaniasis annually

> 50% population is at risk of vector-borne diseases

Poorest people affected at large

Malaria – the most deadly VBD 660,000 deaths/year

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World Malaria Report 2013 Global efforts to control and eliminate Malaria – VBD

saved

3.3 million lives since 2000 – 45% globally, 49% in Africa

No. of countries with highest Malaria burden – 10

Max. effect – children below 5 yrs.PPRC/INDIA 13

Facts of file Serious disease having high fever, chills and muscle pain

Body weakness

Bite by mosquito Anopheles infected with Plasmodium

parasite

Most in Africa, Southern Asia and Central America

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Malaria transmission cyclePPR

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Malaria disease control

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Malaria

:

Phyto-therapy

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Musa sapientumPPR

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Citrus limonPPR

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Carica papayaPPR

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Mangifera indicaPPR

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Guiera senegalensisPPR

C/IN

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Psidium guajavaPPR

C/IN

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Cymbopogon citratusPPR

C/IN

DIA

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Artemisia annuaPPR

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Vernonia amygdalinaPPR

C/IN

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Zea maysPPR

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Zingiber officinalePPR

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Allium sativumPPR

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Cuminum cyminumPPR

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Curcuma longaPPR

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NEEM & TULSI

:

Effective remedies to keep

Malaria out of home

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The Ubiquitous Tulsi

Ocimum spp.

from vedas to modern times

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The earth is our mother.

She nourishes us that which

we put into the ground, she

returns to us likewise.

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Ocimum

Family: Labitae

A genus of aromatic herbs

Distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions of the

world

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Ocimum

Total species on the globe: 160

India has 9 species, 3 have become extinct

Nomenclature and varieties complicated

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About Ocimum

Yields essential oils, Hybrids also yield oils

Shows different physio-chemical properties

Ocimum oils are classified on the basis of their chemical

compositionPPRC/INDIA 37

Significant Ocimum species

Ocimum americanum

Ocimum basilicum

Ocimum minimum …. Subspp.

Ocimum gratissimumPPRC/INDIA 38

Significant Ocimum species

Ocimum kilimandscharicum

Ocimum viride

Ocimum sanctum

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Country-wise distribution Europe: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum

China: O. basilicum Linn.

Philippines islands: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum

India: O. sanctum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharicum

S. Africa: O. sanctum, O. viridae PPRC/INDIA 40

O. americanumPPR

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Etyology of O. americanum

Sankrit: Ajaka, Gambhira, Kuthera

Hindi: Kali tulsi, Mamri

Telugu: Kukka tulsi

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Etyology of O. americanum

Tamil, Kannada: Nayi tulsi

Malyalam: Kattu tulsi

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O. americanum Linn.(O. canum) sims.

An erect, sweet scented pubescent herb

Height: 30 – 60 cm

Grows in waste lands

Cultivated fields throughout India PPRC/INDIA 44


Leaves: glabrous, gland dotted

Flowers: small white, purple, closely set whorls

spiciform racemes

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Propagation: cultivation by seeds

Seeds: mucilaginous, fixed oil (yield: 8 – 11 %)

Characteristics and composition vary

The plant used as a pot-herb PPRC/INDIA 46


The seeds are used as food in mixture with other grains

in times of scarcity

Considered as diuretic, tonic, preparation of cooling

drinkPPRC/INDIA 47


Steam distillation: pale yellow oil 0.7% yield, Odour of

lemon and lavender

Properties: aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic and

stimulantPPRC/INDIA 48


Medicinal properties: useful in cough, dysentery,

toothache, cold, catarrh skin infection

Shows anti-bacterial activity against – Micrococcus

pyogenes var. aureus and E. coli

Volatile oil inhibits the growth of tubercular bacilliPPRC/INDIA 49


Leaf oil shows anti-bacterial activity against Mycobacteria

Useful in soap, cosmetic industry as a perfume

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O. basilicumPPR

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Etyology of O. basilicum

Sankrit: Munjarika, Surasa, Varvara

Hindi: Babui tulsi, Gulal tulsi, Kali tulsi, Marua

Telugu: Bhutulsi, Rudrajada, Vesudupaccha

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Tamil: Tirnirupachai, Karpura tulsi

Kannada: Kama kasturi, Sajjagida

Marathi: Marva, Sabza

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Gujrathi: Damaro, Nasabo, Sabza

Oriya: Dhala tulsi, Kapur kanti

Kashmiri: Niazbo

Punjabi: Furrunj mushk, Baburi, Niyazbo panrPPRC/INDIA 54

O. basilicum Linn.

Sweet Basil, Common basil

An erect, glabrous herb, height: 30 – 90 cm

Native of Central Asia, Northwest India

Leaves ovate – lanceolate, acuminate, toothedPPRC/INDIA 55

O. basilicum Linn.

Basilicum yields – “Oil of Basil” used as a flavouring agent

as perfume

Propagated by seeds

Sweet basil possesses a clove-like aromatic scent

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O. basilicum Linn.

Numerous varieties: Var. basilicum, Var. pilosum Benth,

Var. majus Benth, Var. difforme Benth, Var. purpurascens

Benth, Var. glabratum Benth

Sweet basil possess a clove-like scent i.e. aromaticPPRC/INDIA 57

O. basilicum Linn.

The characteristics of oil varies with region four types:

- European - Methyl

- Reunion - Eugenol

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O. basilicum Linn.

1. European type: Basil grown in Europe, America. Known

as oil of Sweet Basil. Active principle: Methyl chavicol

2. Reunion: Distilled of Reunion Island, Madagascar

Constituent: Methyl chavicol and camphor seychellesPPRC/INDIA 59

O. basilicum Linn.

3. Methyl type: Distilled in Bulgaria, Sicily, Egypt. Active

principle: Chavicol, Methyl Cinn.

4. Eugenol type: Distilled in Java, Seychelles, USSR. Active

principle: EugenolPPRC/INDIA 60

Oil of Sweet Basil

As a flavouring agent for:

1. Confectionary

2. Baked goods

3. Sauces

4. Tomato pastes

5. Pickles

6. Fancy vinegars

7. Spiced meats, Sausages

8. BeveragesPPRC/INDIA 61

Oil of Sweet Basil

Scenting dental and oral preparations

Used also for perfume compounds

Soap perfumes

Basil oil possesses insecticidal and insect repellent properties

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Oil of Sweet Basil

Aqueous extracts of seeds are active against gram – positive

bacteria and mycobacteria

Properties of plant – stomachic, anthelmintic, alexipharmic,

antipyretic, diaphoretics, expectorant, carminative, stimulant,

pectoralPPRC/INDIA 63

Oil of Sweet Basil

Diseases curing: Cephaalgia, Gouty joints, for foul breath,

throat irritation, constipation, piles

Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of flowers possess anti-

bacterial activity against:- Micrococcus Pyogenes var. aureus

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Oil of Sweet Basil

Seeds possess demulcent, stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic and

cooling properties

Effective against houseflies, mosquitoes, Salmonella typhosa

The plant is used in homeopathic medicines

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O. gratissimumPPR

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O. gratissimum Shrubby Basil

A tall much branched perennial shrub

Height: 1 – 2.5 m, found all over India

Leaves: Ovate, Flowers: Pale green, strongly scented

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Characteristics and composition of oil vary with different

areas

Two types of volatile oils: 1. With Thymol 2. With Eugenol

Oil possesses marked bacterial activity and low toxicity

O. gratissimum

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Oil inhibits in-vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,

E. coli and Salmonella typhosa

O. gratissimum

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Disease curing: Inflammed joints, intestinal and uterine

masculatere, abdominal colic, toothache, cough, stomach

ache, urinary disorders

The plant is considered as digestive, tonic, stimulant, diuretic,

antiemetic, antiseptic

O. gratissimum

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O. Kilimandscharicum GuerkaPPR

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O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka

Hindi, Marathi, Bengali: Kapur tulsi

An under shrub, native of Kenya (S. Africa)

Introduced and cultivated in India

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Leaves ovate / oblong, acute narrow at base

Readily propagated from seeds and cuttings

Grows in plains and hills +900 m height

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The crop ready for harvesting in 4 – 6 months after planting

Yield of oil and camphor vary with locality, season of harvest

and plant material distilled


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Oil possess anti-bacterial properties as that similar of O.

gratissimum

O. Kilimandscharicum – Primary source of camphor

Volatile oil – mosquito repellent, may be used as solvent of

DDT


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Oil – light yellow, odour of camphor content vary from 61 –

80.5%

Oil used as solvent and vehicle for metallic lusters on ceramic

bodies


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O. viridePPR

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O. virideFever plant of Sierra leone

A branched shrub height 1.8 m

Native of Africa and introduced in India

The plant highly scented

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O. virideLeaves ovate / obovate, margin toothed flowers cream white or

yellow

Leaves as flavouring agent in cooking and in salads

The plant is used as a poultice for rheumatism and lumbago

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O. virideVolatile oil – odour of thymol, pungent, spicy taste

A decoction of leaves is used in fevers and coughs

Leaves juice for catarrh and as eye drops for conjunctivitis

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O. sanctumPPR

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O. sanctum

Also known as Krishna Tulas, Holy Basil

India’s sacred religious worshipped plant of Hindus

In Sanskrit, 47 names are given to O. sanctum: Haripriya,

Suras, Sumedha, Vrinda, Surabhi,etc….

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O. sanctum

Erect, much branched sub-shrub

Simple opposite, green / purple leaves with strong scent

Leaves have petioles and are ovate

Flowers are purplish in elongate racemes in close whorls

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O. sanctum

Chemicals: Thymol, Eugenol, Essential oils, Flavonoids, etc.

Properties: > 60 e.g. anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-AIDS

and anti-ulcer amongst many others

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Healing power of Tulsi

Malaria

Mouth ulcer

Anaemia

Body pain

Indigestion

Stomach ache

Vomiting

Diseases of intestine

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Burns

Diarrhoea

Earache

Jaundice

Worms

Bronchitis

Cancer

Leprosy PPRC/INDIA 86


Cough

Hair problems

Eczema

Throat pain

Fever

Flu and cold

Chest pain

Tuberculosis PPRC/INDIA 87


Headache

Skin diseases

Asthma

Toothache

Gum pain

Pneumonia

Acidity

Mental stressPPRC/INDIA 88


Boils

Pollution

Kidney stone

Piles

Hiccups, faint

Ringworm

Infectious diseases

Bleeding PPRC/INDIA 89


High B.P.

Liver diseases

Obesity

Constipation

Memory enhancing

Heart palpitation

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NEEMPPR

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NEEM

Extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy

Cynosure of modern medicine

> 140 compounds isolated from various plant parts

All parts are usedPPRC/INDIA 92

Used for curing

Inflammation

Infections

Fever

Skin diseases

Dental disorders

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Medicinal properties

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-hyperglycaemic

Anti-ulcer

Anti-viral

Anti-oxidant

Anti-malarial

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Medicinal properties

Anti-mutagenic

Anti-carcinogenic

Anti-fungal

Anti-bacterial

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“BE WITH US”

Thank You !!

Malaria: life threatening disease

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Malaria: life threatening disease