Mālama `Āina Kaho`olawe Earth Science Investigations.
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Transcript of Mālama `Āina Kaho`olawe Earth Science Investigations.
Mālama `ĀinaMālama `Āina
Kaho`olawe Earth Science Investigations
Kaho`olawe Earth Science Investigations
Unit Essential Question: How do people affect natural geochemical
cycles…
Unit Essential Question: How do people affect natural geochemical
cycles…
…and what can we learn from Kaho`olawe to mālama our island home?
…and what can we learn from Kaho`olawe to mālama our island home?
How does local geography influence winds and currents, and weather on Kaho`olawe?How does local geography influence winds and currents, and weather on Kaho`olawe?
• Kaho`olawe is in the rain shadow of Haleakalā.
• Strong winds are funneled around Haleakalā across the channel.
• Kaho`olawe is a low island with elevation of only 1,477 feet.
• Kaho`olawe is in the rain shadow of Haleakalā.
• Strong winds are funneled around Haleakalā across the channel.
• Kaho`olawe is a low island with elevation of only 1,477 feet.
What caused a cloud bridge to form between Maui and Kaho`olawe and why is it no longer
there?
What caused a cloud bridge to form between Maui and Kaho`olawe and why is it no longer
there?
• How would loss of forests due to cattle ranching at `Ulupalakua, Maui affect the cloud bridge? • Today, ko`a have been constructed to call back the clouds and bring back the life-giving Naulu
rains.
• How would loss of forests due to cattle ranching at `Ulupalakua, Maui affect the cloud bridge? • Today, ko`a have been constructed to call back the clouds and bring back the life-giving Naulu
rains.
What are the 3 conditions for cloud formation?What are the 3 conditions for cloud formation?
• Water vapor
• Cooling of the air to the dew point (saturation)
• Condensation nuclei
• Water vapor
• Cooling of the air to the dew point (saturation)
• Condensation nuclei
What conditions led to the extensive erosion on Kaho`olawe?
What conditions led to the extensive erosion on Kaho`olawe?
• Overgrazing by goats, sheep, and cattle
• Military target practice
How has this erosion affected the water balance on the island?
How has this erosion affected the water balance on the island?
Water Balance 1988
10%
15%
75%
Recharge
Evaporation
Runoff
Water Balance 1700
35%
30%
35%
Recharge
Evaporation
Runoff
Unit Culminating Group ProjectUnit Culminating Group Project
• Work with your team to design and test a soil erosion prevention method for Hakioawa on Kaho`olawe. Include:– Statement of the problem – Summary of research findings– Visual aids for key points– Cross-section diagram showing the problem and your
solution– Demonstration of your proposed soil erosion method
• Work with your team to design and test a soil erosion prevention method for Hakioawa on Kaho`olawe. Include:– Statement of the problem – Summary of research findings– Visual aids for key points– Cross-section diagram showing the problem and your
solution– Demonstration of your proposed soil erosion method
Challenge: Develop a plan to stop soil erosion in an area with the following conditions:Challenge: Develop a plan to stop soil erosion in an area with the following conditions:
• Minimal vegetation• Hardpan surface at
the summit• 4 gullies: avg. depth
8 ft. and avg. slope 8%, and length from 200 to 700 ft.
• Kona storm rainfall runoff up to 27 cubic ft./sec
• Minimal vegetation• Hardpan surface at
the summit• 4 gullies: avg. depth
8 ft. and avg. slope 8%, and length from 200 to 700 ft.
• Kona storm rainfall runoff up to 27 cubic ft./sec
Getting StartedGetting Started
• How would a check dam at the head of a gulch help to stop erosion?
• How large should it be and what materials would be effective?
• How would a check dam at the head of a gulch help to stop erosion?
• How large should it be and what materials would be effective?
Unit Culminating EssayUnit Culminating Essay
• Write a paper to describe your team’s strategies to prevent soil erosion on Kaho`olawe.
• Use scientific principles to justify why your strategy would be effective.
• Include suggestions for applying what you’ve learned to our island home.
• See the Student Assessment Overview for detailed instructions.
• Write a paper to describe your team’s strategies to prevent soil erosion on Kaho`olawe.
• Use scientific principles to justify why your strategy would be effective.
• Include suggestions for applying what you’ve learned to our island home.
• See the Student Assessment Overview for detailed instructions.