Making sense of inclusion issues faced by immigrant youth in canada & examining online...

Making Sense of Inclusion Issues Faced by Immigrant Youth in Canada

& Examining Online Transnational Environments

as One Potential Solution

Comprehensive Exam Part 1

I will introduce the great minds with whom I spent my last eight months

I will explain why I structured my answer in four sections

I will present an overview of the main points discussed in each of these four sections

I will explain why it was very challenging to answer the committee’s question in just 6000 words and why I left out the conclusion

1 2 3 4

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Meet Some of the Great Minds with Whom I Spent

My Last Eight Months

“Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations about: Personal Construct Psychology

George Kelly

Fay Fransella

Devi Jankowicz

Don BannisterJack Adams-Webber Peter Caputi

Mildred Shaw

Brian Gaines

Jörn W. Scheer

Dennis Hinkle

Trevor W. Butt

Beverly M. Walker Harry Procter

Peter Cummins David Hunt

George Boeree

Some of the “Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary

Conversations about: Human Performance

Technology and

Systems Theory

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Richard A. Swanson

Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy Niklas Luhmann

Peter Senge

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Richard A. Swanson

Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy Niklas Luhmann

Peter Senge

“Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations

about: Human Performance

Technology and

Systems Theory

The Ecological Theory of

Development

Urie Bronfenbrenner

The Performance

Diagnosis Matrix

Richard A. Swanson

The General System Theory

Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy

The Social Systems Theory

Niklas Luhmann

Organizations That Learn

InterdependanceSystem Ignorance

Peter Senge

Some of the “Friends” with Whom I Had

Long Imaginary Conversations

about: Inclusion

Samuel L. Gaertner

Jan Inge Jönhill

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Fethi Mansouri

Katrine Fangen

Yuvraj Joshi

Amartya Sen

Robert J. OxobyHieu Van Ngo

Henri TajfelWalter G. Stephan Cookie White Stephan

Miles Hewstone

Roy F. Baumeister

John F. Dovidio

Gérard Bouchard

Rita Kaur Dhamoon

Rupert BrownGordon Willard Allport

Raymond Nam Cam Trau

Joy Noel Baumgartner

“Friends” with Whom I Had

Long Imaginary Conversations

about: Inclusion

The Common In-Group Identity

ModelAversive Racism

Samuel L. Gaertner

Jan Inge Jönhill

Multiple and Changeable

IdentitiesInclusion is

Multidimensional

Fethi Mansouri

The Feeling of Exclusion vs the

Observable ExclusionKatrine Fangen

Inclusion Leads to Exclusion

Affirmative vs Transformative

Yuvraj Joshi

Capabilities

Amartya Sen

Robert J. Oxoby

Systemic Problems Cause Lack of Support

Hieu Van Ngo

The Social Identity Theory

The Social Categorization

TheoryHenri Tajfel

The Integrated Threat Theory

(ITT)Walter G. Stephan

The Integrated Threat Theory

(ITT)Cookie White Stephan

The Mutual Intergroup

Differentiation Model

Impact on OutGroupMiles Hewstone

The Perception of Rejection

Roy F. Baumeister

The Common In-Group Identity

ModelAversive Racism

John F. Dovidio

The Reasonable Accommodation

Bouchard & Taylor Report

Gérard Bouchard

Regulated Inclusion

Rita Kaur Dhamoon

The Mutual Intergroup

Differentiation Model

Rupert Brown

The Contact Hypothesis

Gordon Willard Allport

Impact of Perception of

Exclusion

Raymond Nam Cam Trau

Challenges with Measuring Social

InclusionJoy Noel Baumgartner

Perception of Identity of

Capabilities and of Others

Some of the “Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations about: Social Network, Social Media and Social Capital

Pierre Bourdieu

Robert Putnam

Mark Granovetter

Nicole B Ellison

Nan LinWan Shun Eva Lam

Jessica VitakMimi Ito (Mizuko)

danah boyd

Wenjing Xie

Amanda Lenhart

Pierre Bourdieu

Robert Putnam

Mark Granovetter

Nicole B Ellison

Nan LinWan Shun Eva Lam


Yair Amichai-Hamburger danah boyd

Wenjing Xie

Amanda Lenhart

“Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations about: Social Network, Social Media and Social Capital

Habitus Social Capital

TastePierre Bourdieu

Bonding and Bridging Social

CapitalRobert Putnam

Strong and Weak Ties

Mark Granovetter

Network Composition and

Social Capital PerceptionNicole B Ellison

Investment in Social Relations with Expected

Returns Nan LinWan Shun Eva Lam


Yair Amichai-Hamburger danah boyd

Wenjing Xie

Pew Research

Amanda Lenhart

Some of the “Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations about: Immigration, Space and Transnationalism

Alejandro Portes

John W. Berry Homi K. Bhabha

Nina Glick-Schiller Steven VertovecLudger Pries

Thomas FaistLuis E. GuarnizoBenedict Anderson

J.P.L.M. van OudenhovenAkhil Gupta

James Ferguson

Alejandro Portes

John W. Berry Homi K. Bhabha

Nina Glick-Schiller Steven VertovecLudger Pries

Thomas FaistLuis E. GuarnizoBenedict Anderson

J.P.L.M. van OudenhovenAkhil Gupta

James Ferguson

“Friends” with Whom I Had Long Imaginary Conversations about: Immigration, Space and Transnationalism

Segmented Assimilation

Mobile ImmigrantsRole and Position of Dominant Groups in Receiving Countries

Alejandro Portes

Acculturation Model

John W. Berry

Hybridity & Third Space

Homi K. Bhabha

Immigrant Transnationalism

TransmigrantNina Glick-Schiller

Super-Diversity

Steven Vertovec

Transnationalism vs Globalisation

Ludger Pries

Transnational Social Spaces

Border-Crossing Expansion of Social Space

Thomas Faist

Transnationalism Chains

Luis E. Guarnizo

Imagined Communities

Benedict Anderson

Adding “Wish to Be Engaged in Transnational

Contact” to Berry’s Model

J.P.L.M. van Oudenhoven

Transnational Public Sphere

Akhil Gupta

Transnational Public Sphere

James Ferguson

My Answer to the First Question

Integration Barriers & the Reasons Why They

Count

Social Exclusion, Social Inclusion & Social Integration:

An Overview

The Integration & Inclusion Situation from a Systems Perspective

Online Transnational Environments:

A Potential Solution?

Integration Barriers & the Reasons Why They Count

I am expected to settle down

I am expected to

adapt

I am expected to

belong

I am expected to find my way…

I am expected to learn French and English

I am expected to

find a place to live

I am expected to adapt to the

educational system

I am expected to get access to the

policies, & understand my rights & responsibilities

I am expected to know how to communicate

with others

I am expected to deal with my money issues

I am expected to fit

rapidly in unfamiliar cultural and value

systems


I am expected to

adapt

I am expected to

belong



I am expected to



educational system




with others




systems


I am expected to

adapt

I am expected to

belong


I Am Expected

To Find A JOB

I Am Expected

To Find A JOB


I am expected to



educational system




with others




systems


I am expected to

adapt

I am expected to

belong


I Am Expected

To Find A JOB

I am stressed

I am insecure

I am depressed

I am anxious I lost everything and everyone

I am a nobody

I can’t do itI am lonely

grrrrrr

School? It is not worth the

effort

I need a drink

I need some drugs

I Will Not

Find A Jobloss of cognitive abilities | discouragement | loss of self-esteem | illnesses | suicide | below the Canadian low-income cut-off | numbness | empathy | negative behaviour

Social exclusion

Labour-market discrimination

Name discrimination

Underemployment

Linguicism

Accent discrimination

Ethnic discrimination

Residential segregation

Xenophobia

Racism

Bigotry

Bullying

Negative stereotyping

Stigmatization

Homophobia

White privilege

Canadians are only WHITE

I Will Not

Find A Job

I will not find my way…

Social Exclusion, Social Inclusion & Social Integration: An Overview

Integration Inclusion

ExclusionExclusion

health serviceseducationfinanceoperational political status right to participate access to information right to make a choicespatial segregation marginalization income discriminationaccent discriminationracial discriminationname discrimination access to job opportunities secure & beneficial relationships right to “be able to appear in public without shame” social capital…

Dep

rivat

ion

All inclusions require exclusions (Joshi, 2014, p.227)

The individual has:the opportunity to participate (Baumgartner & Burns, 2014; Coombs, et al., 2013; Wilson & Secker, 2015)the right to participate (Baumgartner & Burns, 2014

the capability needed to participate (Baumgartner et al., 2014)

the perception of the capability as functional (Oxoby, 2015)a sense of agency and the will to participate (Baumgartner et al., 2014; Coombs et al., 2013)access to the resources needed to participate (Wilson & Secker, 2015)

A correspondence exists between the activity chosen by the individual, the activity that s/he is entitled to, and the individual’s capability to participate in this specific activity (Baumgartner et al., 2014)Participation is meaningful and efficient (Joshi, 2014; Rawal, 2008)Individual’s contribution is acknowledged (The Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology, 2013)The act of inclusion is construed by the individual and the including party as such

To Be Included Means

Active Act of Inclusion

Active Act of Exclusion

Perception of the Act

Including Act Perceived as Act of Inclusion

Excluding Act Perceived as Act of Inclusion

Including Act Perceived as Act of Exclusion

Excluding Act Perceived as Act of Exclusion

The Integration & Inclusion Situation from a Systems Perspective

Performance Variables National Level Integration and Inclusion

Process Level Societal Level Individual/ Immigrant Youth Level

Mission/Goal

Does the mission/goal of the Canadian immigration system fit the reality of the economic, political, and cultural forces?

Do the process goals enable the Canadian immigration system to meet their and individual missions/goals?

Do the Canadian society goals provide congruence with the process and individual goals?

Are the professional and personal mission/goals of newcomers congruent with Canada’s?

System Design

Does the Canadian immigration system, provide structure and policies supporting the integration and inclusion of newcomers?

Are processes designed in such a way to work as a system?

Do the Canadian society dynamics function in such a way to facilitate the integration and inclusion of newcomers?

Does the individual clear obstacles that impede his or her integration or inclusion?

Capacity

Does the Canadian immigration system have the leadership, capital, and infrastructure to achieve its mission/goals?

Does the process have the capacity to perform (quantity, quality and timeliness)?

Does the Canadian society have the combined capacity to effectively and efficiently meet the integration and inclusion goals?

Do newcomers have the mental, physical, and emotional capacity to integrate and to become included?

Motivation

Do the policies, culture, and reward systems set by the Canadian immigration system support the integration and inclusion of newcomers?

Does the process provide information and human factors required to maintain it?

Does the Canadian society function in a respectful and supportive manner to the integration and inclusion of newcomers?

Do newcomers want to integrate and to become included no matter what?

Expertise

Does the Canadian immigration system establish and maintain selection and training policies and resources?

Does the process of developing expertise meet the changing demands of changing processes?

Does the Canadian society have the expertise to integrate and include newcomers?

Do newcomers have the knowledge and expertise to integrate and to become included?

Swanson’s Performance Diagnosis Matrix (2007) Adapted to the Canadian Immigration System

Barriers and Self-Excluding Factors at the Individual Level:

Individual traits Personality traitsSelf-protection acts Racialized habitusFrom hiding a stigma to adopting itSelf-fulfilling prophecySelf-categorization, perceived dissimilarity, homophily and loss of hopeConditions for social mobilityDuration of residencyConvenience

Excluding Factors at the Societal Level:

Unmet expectationsPerception of real or symbolic threatDominance of a reductive visionOld guards Need to maintain privilege (logical conformity) Lack of trust“Us/them” or “ours/theirs” constructs Dominative racism, aversive racism, color-blind racism and racialized habitusWorthy/unworthy and indispensable/unneeded constructs Ignorance of others’ culture and communication noise

Online Transnational Environments: A Potential Solution?

https://www.facebook.com/groups/techfugees

https://twitter.com/techfugees

http://techfugees.com/cities/

Transmigrants Are More Integrated in the Host Society Than Non-Transmigrants

The Belongingness Hypothesis

Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis

The Mutual Intergroup Differentiation Model

Integrated Threat TheoryCommon In-group Identity Model

Contact Hypothesis

Social Identity Theory

Transnational Social Space

Third Space and Hybridity

Imagined Community

Social Categorization Theory

Perceived Efficacy

Strong and Weak TiesTransnational Family

Bridging and Bonding Social Capital

Please look to Europe, the mass murders, mass rapes that are being committed by Muslims everyday. Most Muslims will not assimilate into Canadian customs, but will continue their barbaric way of life. Canadians, especially women, will not be safe to walk the street alone without fear of being harassed or raped. We've seen this happening already. Please wake up Canada before it's too late.

And who is paying for this? the people making less then the refugees... WHAT THE FUCK!?!?! Something has to be done, we cant let the refugees have free reign over our country next they will legalize sharia law. and when they do I will take up my rifle and fight for my rights.

If they dont agree to our lifestyle send those bastards back to where they belong

I am stressed

I am insecure

I am depressed

I am anxious I lost everything and everyone

I am a nobody

I can’t do itI am lonely

grrrrrr

School? It is not worth the

effort

I need a drink

I need some drugs

I will not find my way…

I Will Not

Find A Jobloss of cognitive abilities | discouragement | loss of self-esteem | illnesses | suicide | below the Canadian low-income cut-off | numbness | empathy | negative behaviour

Social exclusion

Labour-market discrimination

Name discrimination

Underemployment

Linguicism

Accent discrimination

Ethnic discrimination

Residential segregation

Xenophobia

Racism

Bigotry

Bullying

Negative stereotyping

Stigmatization

Homophobia

White privilege

Canadians are only WHITE

I Will Not

Find A Job

Making sense of inclusion issues faced by immigrant youth in canada & examining online...

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