Mohandas K P Dean Academic, M E S College of EnggFormer Dean PG Studies & Research, N I T Calicut

How do we define world class? Does it mean Indian engineers are not world

class ? No, our engineers are every where in the

worldOur engineers are sought by countries likeUSA, Australia, Germany, Canada etc

Major contribution is in software but significant contribution in other areas like NASA, Energy sector, Education etc

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A world class engineer is one who can : Work in any part of the world

whether underdeveloped developing or developed and

Do the his job to the best of satisfaction of

himself and the society/ firm which employs him.

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USA: More than 50% of

the H1B Visa to USA is offered to Indians

Australia Italy Singapore New Zealand Malaysia Russia

Switzerland United Kingdom Canada China France Germany Ireland

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A recruiter stated A great engineer is 10 times more valuable

than a good engineer,“ "There is a war for top 10% talent."

So, our engineers are really talented. They do very well working abroad Many Indians are occupying the top

positions or heading institutions abroad

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SATYA NADELA MICROSOFT AJAY BANGA - MASTERCARD

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DINESH PALIWAL HARMAN INTERNATIONAL INDRA NOUI PESICO

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ANSHU JAIN, DEUTSCHE BANKRAJEEV VASUDEVAEGON ZEHNDER

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RAKESH KAPOOR, RECKITT BENCKISER SHANTANU NARAYA ADOBE

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AJIT JAIN BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY SANJAY MEHROTRA : SANDISK

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IVAN MENEZES DIAGEO INTERNATIONAL PIYUSH GUPTA DBS BANK

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Some how there is a complaint that we are lacking motivation in achieving excellence

Achieving excellence is a journey that needs considerable effort.

Requires a transition from :Reactive to proactiveCompliance-based to Contributory and Change of mindset to value-addition

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An environment of sustained operational progress.

A set of approaches and best-practices that will improve tomorrow's world,

A long-term value, and Institutionalize business sustainability And Be committed to the society to which you

owe everything

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Find interdisciplinary approaches to solution of several problems

Pursue opportunities to apply skills in both traditional and non-traditional fields to address social challenges

Communicate and interact with international leaders in engineering, and

Establish ourselves as personalities with ethical and noble values

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We have to do a lot in India in many areas, much more than what we are doing now :

Energy sector Environmental issues We have to be smart & be prepared for: Smart grids Smart homes Green buildings Internet of things Big data

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NO TO FOSSIL FUELSTO AVOID SITUATIONS LIKE THIS

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1999 – cost oil $10 / barrel 2007 - $147 / barrel 2008 - Economic crash and collapse of oil

price 2017 – oil drilling in Arctic 2026 – oil costs $200 / barrel 2028 – Denmark, first oil-free country 2038 – Saudi Arabia starts importing oil

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Globally - every year we consume Over 11 billion tonnes of fossil fuels. Crude oil reserves are vanishing at the rate

of 4 billion tonnes a year –If we carry on at this rate , it is estimated that our known oil deposits will befinished by 2052.

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Some say that we have enough coal to last hundreds of years.

But if we step up production to fill the gap left through depleting our oil and gas reserves,

the coal deposits we know about will only give us enough energy to take us as far as 2088.

And let’s not even think of the carbon dioxide emissions from burning all that coal.

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But if we increase gas production to fill the energy gap left by oil, then those reserves will only give us an additional eight years, taking us to 2060.

But the rate at which the world consumes fossil fuels is not standing still, it is increasing as the world's population increases and as living standards rise in parts of the world that until recently had consumed very little energy.

Fossil Fuels will therefore run out earlier.

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New reserves are becoming harder to find, and those that are being discovered are significantly smaller than the ones that have been found in the past.

Take oil, for example, we’re probably already on a downward slope.

Sixteen of the world’s twenty largest oil fields have already reached their peak level of production, whilst the golden age of oil field discovery was nearly 50 years ago.

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ENERGY FROM THE SUN ENERGY FROM WIND

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In full sun, about 100 watts of solar energy per square foot.

Assuming 12 hours of sun per day, this equates to 438,000 watt-hours per square foot per year.

Based on 27,878,400 square feet per square mile, sunlight bestows a whopping 12.2 trillion watt-hours per square mile per year.

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The energy received from the sun is more than

20,000 times the world energy demand The need to exploit solar energy is the only

way to solve the energy needs of the future

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1. Solar energy is free in spite of the cost of the equipment required to convert solar energy into electricity or hot water.

2. Solar energy does not cause pollution. However, solar collectors and other associated equipment / machines are manufactured in factories that in turn cause some pollution.

3. Solar energy can be used in remote areas where it is too expensive to extend the electricity power grid.

4. Many everyday items such as calculators and other low power consuming devices can be powered by solar energy effectively.

5. The solar energy is infinite (forever, perennial).

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Induction generators, used for wind power, require reactivepower for excitation and substantial capacitor banks for power factor correction.

But cannot support the system voltage during faults, unlike steam or hydro turbine-driven synchronous generators

Doubly fed machines generally have more desirable properties for grid interconnection. Transmission systems operators will supply a wind farm developer with a grid code to specify the requirements for interconnection to the transmission grid.

Different types of wind turbine generators behave differently during transmission grid disturbances, dynamic electromechanical characteristics of a new wind farm is required by transmission system operators to ensure predictable stable behaviour during system faults

This will include power factor, constancy of frequency and dynamic behavior of the wind farm turbines during a system fault

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Environmental impact due to large land usage and affecting natural beauty

Reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines

The scale of the ecological impact may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.

Fluctuations in power output due to change in wind velocity

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Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms.

Biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to a bio-fuel.

Conversion of biomass to bio-fuel can be by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical methods.

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Every state except Gujarat and Chhattisgarh is suffering from acute power shortage

In the South, Kerala, Karnataka ,Andhra and T Nadu worst

Transmission & Distribution loss 24% as against 6% in USA . Our target is 14.1% in 2022.

33% of the rural population and 6% of urban has no electricity in India

40% of the world’s population with no electricity are in India

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All India demand : 1,47,815MW Demand met : 1,44,788 MW Shortfall: 3027MW Installed capacity State sector 37.4 % Central sector 27.3% Private sector 35.3%

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Break up into different sectors Thermal 69.1%

Coal 59.6%Gas 9%Oil 0.52%

Hydro 16.3%Nuclear 1.9%MNRE 12.7%

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Massive generation of power from Nuclear power plants.

The expected power generation from Nuclear plants is a gigantic 63000 MW in 2032 .

Remember after the recent accidents in Nuclear plants, many countries have decided

Not to set up new nuke plantsPhase out the existing ones

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Wind power in the United States expanding quickly over the last several years. At of the end of 2013 the capacity was 61,108 MW.

This capacity is exceeded only by China. Projects totaling 12,000 MW of capacity were under

construction at the end of 2013, including 10,900 MW that began construction in the 4th quarter.

For the 12 months through April 2014, the electricity produced from wind power in the United States amounted to 174.7 terawatt-hours, or 4.25% of all generated electrical energy.

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Future of energy is in small units, not Megaprojects.

What is required is to integrate the small units of renewable sources with the existing ones.

Major effort is required as the renewable sources have peculiarities not seen by large scale power generation schemes.

WE have to learn from nations like Germany where there are 6 million small producers of solar and wind power energy.

Effective utilization of these require development of micro-grids and smart grids

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Smart grids Micro-grids for villages Smart homes, Green homes

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More efficient and economic use of energy Consumers can generate power and feed to

grid. Incentives for consumers by flexible tariff Integration of existing and renewable

sources. Better utilization of available resources Smart metering and competitive prices

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• Micro-grids could have a grid interconnection to

• Improve system economics

• Improve operation

• Improve availability• With a suitable planning, grid planning can benefit from having

micro-grids by

• Reducing conductor’s size

• Improving availability

• Improving stability

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• Tools, strategies and techniques for an effective integration of a micro-grid into the main grid:

• Net metering – bi-directional power flow.

• Peak shaving

• Advanced communications and controls

• Demand response

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Green gas , global warming and consequent climatic changes.

Presence of green gases in the upper atmosphere is essential to maintain the temperature on our planet.

However excess amount of green gases in the atmosphere is dangerous.

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Significant increase in global temperature Climatic changes If the global temperature increase by 2C Severe floods and tornados in some places Extremely high temp in some areas and

drought in other places. Melting of ice in Arctic and Antarctic

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If the same rate of green gas emission continues, global temp will increase by 6C at the end of century, if so :

Rain forests will disappear. Ocean water level rise by 2-3 meters Inundation of low lying areas like

Bangladesh, Florida and Lakshadveep Large number of animals species on land

and ocean will disappear

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Large scale consumption of fossil fuels for power generation – excess CO2

Automobile emission resulting in increased CO2 and CO in atmosphere.

Live stock (animals) creating 28% of the green gases (Methane)

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New technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to:

Reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:

Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employee

productivity Reducing waste, pollution and environmental

degradation

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Green construction or sustainable building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design,

construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects,

the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the

classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort

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Reduce the generation of green gases by at least 40%

Developed countries should help the developing & underdeveloped countries.

Create awareness among younger people the reason for climatic changes.

Reduce fossil fuel consumption and promote use of renewable energy sources.

Reduce large scale killing of animals for food

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The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing-like devices within the existing Internet infrastructure.

Typically, IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications.

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The interconnection of these embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields,

Enabling advanced applications like a Smart Grid. IoT, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as

heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, automobiles with built-in sensors, or field operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and rescue.

Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that utilize wifi for remote monitoring.

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Big data is collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using traditional data processing applications.

The challenges include analysis, capture, curation, search, sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and privacy violations.

The trend to larger data sets is due to the additional information derivable from analysis of a single large set of related data, as compared to separate smaller sets with the same total amount of data, allowing correlations to be found to "spot business trends, prevent diseases, combat crime and so on.”

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Scientists encounter limitations due to large data sets inmeteorology, genomics, connectomics, complex physics simulations, and biological and environmental research.

The limitations also affect Internet search, finance and business informatics.

Data sets grow in size because they are increasingly being gathered by ubiquitous information-sensing mobile devices, aerial sensory technologies (remote sensing), software logs, cameras, microphones, radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers, and wireless sensor networks.

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The world's technological per-capita capacity to store information has roughly doubled every 40 months since the 1980s; as of 2012, every day 2.5exabytes (2.5×1018) of data were created.

The challenge for large enterprises is determining who should own big data initiatives that straddle the entire organization.

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We should be: More aware of things happening around Share knowledge from any source available

anywhere in the world. Cooperate with colleagues and experts

outside. Develop an interdisciplinary approach to

solve complex problems

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Energy efficiency

Environment friendliness

Economy or frugality or austerity in the use of resources

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EnergyWaterOther Resources Even food

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1.Accept responsibility in making decisions and disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment;

2.Avoid real or hidden conflicts of interest and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist.

3. Be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data

(Ref: IEEE Code of Ethics)

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4. Reject bribery in all its forms; 5. Improve the understanding of technology;

its appropriate application, and potential consequences.

6. Maintain and improve our technical competence and to take up tasks only if qualified by training or experience

7. Seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others

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8. Treat fairly all persons and avoid discrimination based on race, religion, gender, disability, age, national origin.

9. Avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action;

10.Assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics

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