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Making full use of Automation for National Transport and Road Authorities1 Sep 2018 – 31 August 2020

Risto KulmalaTraficon Ltd

19 May 2020

CEDR Automation Call 2017

risto.kulmala(at)traficon.fi

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§ MANTRA responds to the questions posed in CEDR Automation Call 2017 Topic A: How will automation change the core business of NRA’s

§ Objective is to answer the following questions: » What are the influences of automation on the core

business in relation to road safety, traffic efficiency, the environment, customer service, maintenance and construction processes?

» How will the current core business on operations & services, planning & building and ICT change in the future?

Objectives

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Project structure & use cases

Use cases in analysis• Highway autopilot/

chauffeur • Highly automated

(freight) vehicles on open roads including platooning

• Commercial driverless vehicles as taxi services

• Driverless maintenance and road works vehicles• Safety trailers• Winter

maintenance vehicles

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§ 0,85 flow/capacity ratio, 300 m weaving lane, Dutch motorway

Headway 1.5 s 0.9 s 0.6 s

Highway autopilot – impact on travel times

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10-30% share of robotaxi - Total vehicle-km increase 10%shift mainly from car Delays increase 10-30%

mostly due to empty taxi trips!

RoboTaxi – Impact on mobility

Modal splitCar Robo

taxiBike PT

No robotaxi 70% 0% 22% 7%2 min 0.10 42% 32% 20% 6%10min 0.60 43% 31% 20% 6%2 min 0.10 57% 15% 21% 7%10min 0.60 62% 10% 21% 7%

0

100

200

300

400

500

No robotaxi 2 minutes 10 minutes

Vehi

cle-

km (

x100

0) Empty robotaxi Robotaxi Car

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Automated functions’ operation itself

With deployment of various automated functions impact on infrastructure will change in terms of road design, maintenance assumptions and required ITS

Impact, consequences and necessary changes to infrastructure

Supported by

Who

?

The necessity to provide required ODD

Digital Infrastructure will need to be defined and amended based on ODD requirements in order to facilitate CAD

Incl. ISAD levelsWha

t?

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Assessment of consequences in 3 categories (tasks)

The impact and the resulting consequences and necessary changes to infrastructure will have various sources. In WP 4 at least the following will be analysed.

Impact, consequences and necessary changes to infrastructure due to…

Supported by

The possibility to improve O&M

Operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure could benefit by means of CAD in terms of automation of work procedures and new data sources

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Supported by

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Key results: ODD requirements

Road operator related ODD attributes

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ODD attribute Physical / Digitalinfrastructure

Static / Dynamic

Road Physical StaticSpeed range Physical StaticShoulder or kerb Physical StaticRoad markings Physical StaticTraffic signs Physical StaticRoad equipment Physical StaticTraffic - DynamicTime incl. light conditions

- Dynamic

Weather conditions

- Dynamic

ODD attribute Physical / Digital infrastructure

Static / Dynamic

HD map Digital Static/DynamicSatellite positioning Digital StaticCommunication Digital StaticInformation system Digital StaticTraffic management Digital DynamicInfrastructure maintenance*

Physical/Digital Dynamic

Fleet supervision* Digital DynamicDigital twin of road network*

Digital Dynamic

* In order to deal with the dynamic non-infrastructure attributes of the ODD MANTRA has identified these three elements that should likely be added to the road operator relevant list of ODD attributes

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Key results: ODD requirements

ODD relevant collection of impacts for road operators

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• ODD requirements for each of the attributes and each use case today• ODD evolution for each attribute until 2020, 2030 and 2040 • ODD effects on different road types • Responsibilities for establishing, operating and maintaining ODD • Cost of establishing ODD

Example: ODD effects on motorways

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§ Input fromprevious work in MANTRA

§ Desktop analysis§ PEB workshop on

13 March 2020» 92 actions

§ Survey of prioritiesdirected to NRAsand experts-deadline 30 April

Adaptations to NRA core business - approach

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§ Physical infrastructure - 10 actions§ Digital infrastructure - 24 § Operations and services – 42 » Incident, event & crisis management – 12» Traffic management & control – 12» Traffic information services – 8» Enforcement – 5» Road user charging - 5

Actions for core business areas

§ Planning, building, maintenance - 16» New roads planning & building – 4» Heavy maintenance planning – 2» Road works management & planning – 6» Road and winter maintenance - 4

Altogether 92 possible actions to adapt road authority core business

Web survey in April 2020 to experts to prioritize actions – 45 responses

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§ Additional emergency bays, wide shoulders and safe harbours to accommodate minimum risk manoeuvres for AVs

§ Safe minimum risk manoeuvre specification considering also cases of very large AV fleets

§ Road signs’ machine readability and digital twins, including variable message signs

§ HD map processes to ensure up-to-date map information to AVs § Provision of road network related data to HD maps § Maintenance of HD maps to keep their content up-to-date§ Cybersecurity issues for connected and highly automated vehicles

Selected priority actions – infrastructure

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§ AVs to provide information on incidents, e.g. by detecting stopped vehicles and roadway defects

§ Digitalisation of incident and traffic management plans§ Digitalisation of traffic rules and regulations

§ Cooperative traffic management§ Digitalisation of traffic management centres§ Improving information quality to serve highly automated vehicles§ Quality assurance and assessment of data for AVs § New infrastructure and regulations for traffic law enforcement, including

for conventional vehicles

Selected priority actions – operations, services

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§ General physical road design changes to accommodate highly and eventually fully automated vehicles

§ Provision of hybrid C-ITS road works warnings§ Road categorization ISAD (Infrastructure Support for Automated Driving)

levels also for digital and physical infrastructure

§ New approaches to road condition data collection for deterioration monitoring

§ Legal framework for specific use cases of driverless maintenance vehicles

Selected priority actions – planning, building, maintenance

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§ Close and valuable interaction with CEDR CAD Working Group

§ Ongoing liaison with the EC’s CCAM platform and EU EIP

§ Recommended action plan for priority actions in deliverable D5.2» Detailed description of recommended actions in 2021-25, more general up to 2040» To be finalized in July 2020

§ Final deliverables at CEDR website, final drafts at project website along with workshop proceedings

Current situation and next steps

www.mantra-research.eu

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Project web site: www.mantra-research.eu

Thank you for your attention

D2.1 Vehicle fleet penetrations and ODD coverage of NRA-relevant automation functions up to 2040

D3.1 Intermediate report of the state of the art on the impact of automated and connected vehicles

D4.1 Intermediate report on infrastructural consequences

D3.2 Impacts of automation functions on NRA policy targets

D4.2 Infrastructural consequences of connectivity and automation, and recommendations for their implementation

D5.1 Draft road map - road operator core business affected by connectivity and automation

D5.2 Road map for developing road operator core business utilising connectivity and automation

Projectdeliver-ables