Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors for Mental Stress.
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Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors for Mental Stress
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Transcript of Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors for Mental Stress.
Making Comparisons, the Pill, and Risk Factors for Mental Stress
Types of Variable RelationshipsTypes of Variable Relationships• Positive• Negative• None• Curvilinear
-- ++--
++
Independent variableIndependent variable
De
pen
den
t va
riab
leD
ep
end
ent v
ari
able
Positive Relationshipexamples: (1) # of times a person goes to church each month and the likelihood that they
voted for Pres. Bush; (2) years of education and salary expectations; (3) “a man’s level of professional success and his likelihood of marrying and having a family”
(Sylvia Ann Hewlett’s book __Creating a Life__)
-- ++--
++
Independent variableIndependent variable
De
pen
den
t va
riab
leD
ep
end
ent v
ari
able
Negative Relationshipexamples: (1) self esteem and paranoia; (2) income and % who smoke or who are obese
(3) years an immigrant has lived in the U.S. and his/her health status;(4) “a woman’s level of professional success and her likelihood of marrying or having
children” (Sylvia Ann Hewlett’s book __Creating a Life__)
-- ++--
++
Independent variableIndependent variable
De
pen
den
t va
riab
leD
ep
end
ent v
ari
able
No Relationshipexamples: (1) consumer confidence surveys and economic forecasting
(2) employee’s distance from work and rate of lateness (3) start-up company’s amount of capital and chance of success
(4) SAT I score and cumulative College G.P.A.
-- ++--
++
Independent variableIndependent variable
De
pen
den
t va
riab
leD
ep
end
ent v
ari
able
Curvilinear Relationshipsexamples?
Gregory Pincus, Ph.D. and John Rock, M.D., 1953-1960
What is “natural” for women? 28 days?• Univ. of Michigan Anthropologist Beverly Strassman and her
research on women’s fertility in Africa: 100 vs. 400 lifetime menses
Japanese women, U.S. women, and breast cancer"Female cancers are largely preventable," says University of Southern California (USC) professor Malcolm Pike.
"All you have to do," he added as a daunting
caveat, "is live like a hunter-gatherer." That
is, tailor diet and exercise to delay menarche (the start of menstruation) until age 17, have
children often and start early (age 19), andbreastfeed them for a long time.”
Malcolm Pike, M.D., USC
Control group: Japanese women who came to the U.S.
Women’s Changing Fertility Rates Over Time
An “Opt-Out” Revolution?
Negative Correlation Hypothesis• Anthropologist Sara Blaffer Hrdy: “Female primates are just as
competitive as male primates in that they seek status within their social order. So it would follow that women strive for status too.
But there is a qualifier: When primates compete, they do so in ways that increase the survival chances of their offspring. In other words, they do it for their children.
• “At this moment in Western civilization,” Hrdy says, “seeking clout in a male world does not correlate with child well-being. Today, striving for status usually means leaving your children with an au pair who’s just there for a year, or in inadequate day care. “
“So it’s not that women aren’t competitive; it’s just that they don’t want to compete along the lines that are not compatible with their other goals.”
Correlations between Gender and Stress at UR
Correlations between Gender and Stress at UR
NYT, March25,2005
